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Here is a script of the video about Plato. Read it through and translate, then, listen to the video a few times and retell it:
The school founded by this ancient Greek philosopher became a model for modern higher education. The people of his time named him the Divine Teacher because in his works he spoke of an ideal social structure and immortality of the soul. The ancient Greek thinker Plato said that time is the moving image of eternity. He was born in the year 427 B.C. into a family of aristocrats in Athens, Greece. On his father’s side Plato came down from the kings of Attica and on his mother’s side he was a descendant of the well-know Athenian lawmaker Solon. At birth the boy received the name Aristocles. Young Aristocles had a strong body with wide shoulders. Because of his wide shoulders he was nicknamed Plato which means the Broad. Plato received a traditional education for upper class young people. He wrote poetry and tragedies, studied the works of philosophers of the past, wrote letters, played music and painted. He participated in gymnastics, riding and in man-to-man combats and won many competitions. This well-educated and capable young man was extremely shy and preferred activities by himself to discussions with his peers. By the age of 20, Athens already considered him one of his dearest citizens. He had a brilliant political career ahead of him, but Destiny had something else in mind. In 407 B.C. the young aristocrat met Socrates, the Athens street philosopher. Socrates, an old man, was shabbily dressed, bare-foot and usually surrounded by a crowd of people and on-lookers. He conducted endless conversations about the idea of the Good, and from the modern point of view would surely be considered a mad man. Yet, he profoundly changed Plato’s thinking. Examining Socrates’ ideas young Plato, a man to whom an outstanding career seemed promised, became disappointed in existing public and political ideals. He understood that society based on such ideals was doomed for destruction, and that it was necessary to rescue it by finding a new and enlightened way. In 399, the tragic death of Socrates forced Plato to leave Athens. He spent twelve years wandering across Greece, in Southern Italy and fought in the Corinthian War. In Sicily he was put into slavery, but was saved by his friends. He returned to Athens where he founded a philosophical school, Plato named the Academy. It became the most famous school in all of the Ancient Greek and Roman times and existed about one thousand years until the Roman emperor Justian closed it in 522. The philosophy of Plato changed the old picture of the world. His ideas about the beginnings of the world and about immortality of the soul became a model for the Christian religion. Plato compared the human soul to a charriot in which black and white horses are harnessed, the beginnings of Good and Evil in man. The rider on horse who operates the charriot is Good Judgement. When the rider manages to hold back a black horse, the beginnings of Evil, the soul will rise up and behave like God.
One of the central themes in Plato’s philosophy, which he states in his work “The Republic” is an ideal structure of a society in stay. Plato trusted that his ideas would be made real and put into practice. To try to make this happen, Plato, at the age of 61 traveled to Sicily. Dionisius, the ruler of Syrake, who was very interested in the philosopher’s ideas, invited Plato to improve the government. Plato hoped that he would manage to change Syrakes into an ideal state. Disappointedly he became involved into royal scandals and was forced to leave the city. However, Plato’s disappointment did not last long. Five years later, he returned to Sicily, and tried again to improve things, but unsuccessfully. After this failure Plato never again left his native Athens and supervised the Academy practically up until the end of his life. The philosopher died in 347 B.C. leaving a huge body of writing behind.Works of Plato were written in form of dialogues, discussions between two people. Withstanding the differences of time they still excite scientistific minds. The most well-known Greek legend that Plato wrote down was a myth about Atlantis, the virtual densely populated island with an advanced civilization. Because of an unknown disaster, perhaps, an earthquake, Atlantis, suddenly, sank under water. This small event stated in Plato’s dialogue “Creto” still gives rise to many thories today. Scientists argue about a time, place and, in general, about the fact that Atlantis really existed. In 2004 Doctor Kun from the German … University carried out an analysis of satellite photos showing salty bugs near the Spanish city of Cadiz. In the photo made from space there were visible remains of buildings with locations in sizes similar to those described by Plato. The German scientist assumed that Atlantis was not an island but a coast of low land destroyed by flooding between 800 and 500 B.C. However, it is very likely that the scientific community will never fully agree about Atlantis.
The ancient Greek thinker Plato left behind many followers and an updated philosophy said Man had been constructed as a toy for God. And this is, in fact, the finest thing about him. All of us, men and women, must fall in with our role and spend life making our play as perfect as possible.
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