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Section 2. Auxiliary machinery
Words and Terms to be Remembered
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auxiliary |
distillation |
Read the text and find the answers to the following questions.
1. What two groups is all marine machinery divided into?
2. What is auxiliary machinery used for?
3. What are the main functions of auxiliaries?
4. Why do all ships have power-generating stations?
All marine machinery falls under two heads: that which is responsible for the driving of the ship's propeller, and that which supplies the requirements of the machinery. All machinery and devices which form the non-propulsive equipment is auxiliary machinery.
The auxiliary machinery is used to serve the main engine and the necessities of the ship. It includes diesel generator, a boiler, a refrigerating installation, compressors, separators, evaporators, pumps and other units to carry out a number of functions. These functions may be summarized as follows.
To supply the needs of the main engines and boilers. Air compressors are used to supply compressed air for starting engines. Coolers are used for cooling either oil or water. Water for the boilers is also heated before being admitted into the boiler by feed water heaters. This increases the efficiency of the boiler.
To keep the ship dry and trimmed. This is done through the bilge and ballast piping systems. The former removes water which has gathered in machinery, cargo and other spaces. The latter pumps water into and out of ballast tanks. In general cargo ships, these systems are usually interconnected and served by the same pumps. In tankers and other bulk carriers, these systems are entirely separate, because these ships may need to ballast at 12,000 tons/hour and therefore need larger pumps.
To supply domestic needs such as fresh water from distillation plant, sanitation from sewage plant and heating and ventilation from heaters and air conditioners.
To apply the main power of the engines for propulsion and manoeuvring. The engine power is transmitted to the propeller by a line of steel shafting. This is made up of the thrust shaft, intermediate shafts and the propeller shaft. Steering gear is also necessary to operate the rudder for manoeuvring.
To supply the ship with electric power and lighting. This is done by steam or diesel power generators.
To moor the ship and handle cargo. Deck machinery is extensive and varied. It can be divided into anchor handling machinery - windlass and capstans, mooring machinery - winches and capstans and cargo handling machinery - winches and cranes. It also includes cargo oil pumps.
To provide for safety. Firefighting and fire detection equipment, lifeboat engines and launching gear are also included.
No type of machinery fitted to a ship, is self-sufficient. In addition to the large number of auxiliaries needed for the operation of the main machinery, most of which are now operated electrically, electricity is playing such an important part in shipboard life to-day, that, even if it is needed for every other purpose requiring mechanical operation. Therefore, all ships have power-generating stations.
Exercises and assignments
Ex. 1. Give the other words of the same root for the words below. Find them in the text and translate the sentences in which they are used.
Require, summarize, cool, feed, heat, distillate, electrical, propulsion, domestic, sanitation, separate, supply, evaporate, trim.
Ex. 2. For the words given in (a) find the synonyms given in (b):
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a) supply propel heat trimmed sewage intermediately shipboard summary device require necessity carry out gather entirely domestic |
b) need between provide means demand drive waste balanced perform hotness collect home completely brief onboard |
Ex. 3. Match the terms in the box with the definitions given below. Then find in the text the sentences in which these terms are used and translate them into Russian.
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boiler, pump, shaft, shafting, propeller shaft, thrust shaft, intermediate shaft, bilge, device, windlass, capstan, sewage plant |
1) a special form of winch used to hoist anchors, house them safely and warp the ship when in harbor;
2) bar or rod joining parts of a machine or transmitting power;
3) the lower internal part of the hull adjacent to the keelson where the water collects;
4) the medium by which the motion of the engines is transmitted to the propeller screws;
5) a machine used on board a ship for rising anchor, lifting heavy weights or any other similar work;
6) the aftermost section of shafting which carries the propeller;
7) a machine (device) for forcing liquid, gas or air into, out of or through something;
8) one of the lengths of main drive shafts between the thrust bearing and the propeller shafts;
9) an installation for treatment or disposal of waste;
10)metal container in which water, etc. is heated;
11)the length of shafting which transmits the thrust of the propeller to the thrust bearing;
12)something invented or adapted for a special purpose.
Ex. 4. Fill in the blanks. Make use of the active vocabulary items and structures.
1. All ship machinery can be divided into main and _________ machinery.
2. Ballast piping system pumps water into and out of _________.
3. The auxiliary machinery is used to serve _________ and the necessities of the ship.
4. The engine power is transmitted to the propeller by _________.
5. Coolers are used for _________ either oil or water.
6. Deck machinery is divided into _________ machinery, _________ machinery and _________ machinery.
7. Bilge piping system removes water from machinery, _________ and other spaces.