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УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ
ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
для студентов заочной формы обучения
СЕМЕСТР 3
UNIT 11
Section A (Grammar reference)
THE PASSIVE VOICE (СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ)
В английском языке имеются два залога: действительный залог (The Active Voice) и страдательный залог (The Passive Voice).
Формы залога показывают, является ли подлежащее лицом / предметом, совершающим действие, или лицом / предметом, подвергающимся действию.
Когда подлежащее является лицом / предметом, совершающим действие, глагол употребляется в форме действительного залога:
They will sign the contract next week. Они подпишут контракт на следующей неделе.
Когда подлежащее является лицом / предметом, подвергающимся действию со стороны другого лица / предмета, глагол употребляется в форме страдательного залога:
The contract will be signed next week. Контракт будет подписан на следующей неделе.
Времена страдательного залога образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени и формы причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола. Таким образом, при спряжении глагола в страдательном залоге изменяется только глагол to be, а смысловой глагол имеет во всех временах одну и ту же форму - Past Participle.
Present Simple: The contract is signed. Контракт подписан.
Is the contract signed? – Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
The contract is not (isn’t) signed.
Past Simple: The contact was signed last week. Контракт подписали (был подписан) на прошлой неделе.
Was the contract signed last week? – Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t.
The contract was not (wasn’t) signed last week.
Future Simple: The contract will be signed next week. Контракт подпишут (будет подписан)
на следующей неделе.
Will the contract be signed next week? – Yes it will. / No it won’t.
The contract will not (won’t) be signed next week.
В английском языке в страдательном залоге часто не указывается лицо (предмет), которое производит действие. При необходимости указания данного лица или предмета употребляется предлог by или with. Предлог by употребляется при обозначении действующих лиц, предлог with - для неодушевленных предметов.
This novel was written by my friend.
The contract was signed by Mr. Brown.
The picture was drawn with a piece of chalk.
The bread was cut with this knife.
Глаголы, которые употребляются с предлогами, в страдательном залоге эти предлоги сохраняют. Например:
The Active Voice The Passive Voice
They speak much about this film. This film is much spoken about.
Об этом фильме много говорят.
They listened to her with great interest. She was listened to with great interest.
Ee слушали с большим интересом.
Exercises
I. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной форме в Passive Voice (Present, Past, Future Simple Passive)
II. Образуйте специальный вопрос в Passive Voice
III. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active Voice или в Passive Voice.
IV. Преобразуйте предложения из активного залога в пассивный.
Section B
Text
ORGANISATION STUCTURE
Here is the organization structure of Rossomon. The Managing Director is responsible for running the company and is accountable to the Board.
He is assisted by four executive departments. Human Resources Department which is responsible for personnel, training and management development. Then there is the Finance Department which takes care of corporate finance and accounting. Next is the Management Services Department. It is led by Peter Jenkins who is in charge of rationalisation throughout the company. And finally there is the R&D Department – research and development – which works closely with the five regions on new product development.
Directly under the Managing Director, there are five Regional Managers. Each of them is responsible for the day-to-day management of a territory – these are geographically split into North, South, East, West and Central Regions.
In addition to the parent company, Rossomon has three subsidiaries, they are Rossomon France, Germany and Japan. The subsidiaries report to the Export Sales Department, which in turn is accountable to the board.
Vocabulary
accountable a – подотчетный, ответственный перед к.-л.
accounting n – бухгалтерский учет
assist v – помогать, оказывать помощь
be in charge of v – отвечать за ч.-л., руководить
board n – совет, комитет
closely adv – зд. в тесном контакте
corporate finance – корпоративные финансы, финансы корпорации
day-to-day management – оперативное управление
executive a – исполнительный
Export Sales Department – отдел экспортных продаж
Finance Department – финансовый отдел
Human Resourses Department – отдел кадров
lead v – вести, руководить, возглавлять
management development – повышение квалификации руководящих кадров
Management Services Department – административный, административно-управленческий отдел
organization structure – организационная структура
parent company - материнская компания, компания, владеющая контрольным пакетом акций другой компании
personnel n – кадры, штат, персонал
rationalization n – рационализация
report to v– давать отчет, отчитываться
Research and Development Department – отдел исследований и разработок
responsible for a – ответственный за
split v – разделять
subsidiary n – дочерняя компания
take care of v – смотреть, заниматься (чем-л.), следить за (чем-л.)
throughout prep – через, по всему
throughout the company – во всей компании
training n – подготовка, обучение
in turn – в свою очередь
Exercises
I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.
III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.
|
care company departments Development for running the company management Resources Service Department structure to the Board |
IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.
accountable accounting assisted Board charge personnel report responsible subsidiaries
UNIT 12
Section A (Grammar reference)
The Past Perfect Tense (Предпрошедшее время)
Past Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме прошедшего времени (had) и Past Participle смыслового глагола.
Past Perfect употребляется для выражения действия, которое закончилось до определенного момента в прошлом.
Этот момент может быть выражен:
точным указанием времени с предлогом by:
|
They had finished discussing the terms of delivery only by 7 o’clock yesterday. |
Вчера они закончили обсуждать условия доставки только к 7 часам. |
другим прошедшим действием:
|
When we arrived at the airport the plane had already landed. |
Когда мы приехали в аэропорт, самолет уже приземлился. |
Exercises
I. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Past Perfect.
1. We returned the contract to the customer because he (not to sign) it.
2. They couldn’t get into the office because the manager (to leave) the keys at home.
3. We (to finish) our work by 6 o’clock.
4. It was difficult to operate this machine because we (not to do) it before.
5. We arrived at work and found that somebody (to break) into the office during the night.
6. Jack realized that he (to make) a serious mistake.
II. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Past Simple или Past Perfect.
III. Закончите предложения используя Past Perfect.
I didn't want to watch the news because I …
The secretary phoned to say that the customer…
Yesterday we sent a letter to our partners to say that …
I was looking forward to my trip because I …
Before we started the talks we …
REPORTED (INDIRECT) SPEECH (КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ)
Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в настоящем времени, то в придаточном дополнительном предложении сказуемое употребляется в требуемом по смыслу времени.
|
We know he lives in Paris. |
Мы знаем, что он живет в Париже. |
|
He says he is watching TV. |
Он говорит, что смотрит телевизор |
|
Kate says she sent the letter yesterday. |
Катя говорит, что отправила письмо вчера. |
|
Mr. Brown is sure they will sign the contract tomorrow. |
Мистер Браун уверен, что они подпишут контракт завтра. |
Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в прошедшем времени, то при переводе прямой речи в косвенную соблюдается правило согласования времен, т.е. сказуемое придаточного дополнительного предложения должно быть употреблено в одном из прошедших времен. При этом происходят следующие изменения:
|
Direct Speech (Прямая речь) |
Reported Speech (Косвенная речь) |
|
Present Simple → Past Simple |
|
|
Present Continuous → Past Continuous |
|
|
Past Simple → Past Perfect |
|
|
Present Perfect → Past Perfect |
|
|
Past Perfect → Past Perfect |
|
|
Future Simple (Will) → Future in the Past (Would) |
Для выражения действия, одновременного с действием главного предложения, в придаточном предложении употребляется Past Simple или Past Continuous:
|
I was sure that he was busy. |
Я была уверена, что он занят. |
|
He said he was watching TV. |
Он сказал, что смотрит телевизор. |
Для выражения действия, предшествующего действию главного предложения, в придаточном предложении употребляется Past Perfect:
We knew he had left for Madrid. Мы знали, что он уехал в Мадрид.
Для выражения последующего (будущего) действия, в придаточном предложении употребляется Future in the Past:
|
I didn’t doubt that my friends would meet me at the station. |
Я не сомневался, что мои друзья встретят меня на станции. |
Употребляемые в прямой речи личные и притяжательные местоимения в косвенной речи заменяются по смыслу (например, we → they , my book → his/her book и т.п.).
Следующим образом также заменяются указательные местоимения, обстоятельства места и времени:
|
Direct Speech (Прямая речь) |
Reported Speech (Косвенная речь) |
|
this → that these → those here → there now → then today → that day yesterday → the day before ago → before last (year) → the previous (year) in → later tomorrow → the next day/the following day the day after tomorrow → two days later next (year) → the following (year) |
Повествовательные предложения при переводе из прямой речи в косвенную вводятся союзом that, который может опускаться:
|
I hoped (that) they would reduce the price. |
Я надеялся, что они снизят цену. |
При переводе вопросительных предложений в косвенную речь изменяется порядок слов в предложении – сказуемое ставится после подлежащего:
|
- Where does John work? |
They asked me where John worked. |
|
- Why are you late? |
They wanted to know why I was late. |
|
- How will you spend your week-end? |
They wondered how I would spend my week-end. |
Общие вопросы при переводе в косвенную речь вводятся с помощью союзов if или whether, соответствующих в русском языке частице ли:
|
- Have you finished your report? |
Mr. Brown asked me if (whether) I had finished my report |
Повелительное наклонение в косвенной речи передается инфинитивным оборотом. При передаче просьбы употребляется глагол to ask (просить), а для передачи приказания – to tell (сказать, велеть, приказать).
|
- Will you show your passport? |
The clerk asked me to show my passport. |
|
- Don’t close the window, please. |
Jane asked me not to close the window. |
|
- Don’t be late. |
They told me not to be late. |
Exercises
I. Передайте предложения в косвенной речи. Повествовательные предложения начинайте с she(he) said… вопросительные с she(he) asked….
1. The manager made an appointment with customers yesterday.
2. Where have you been?
3. He can’t go to this meeting next week.
4. Can you lend me some money?
5. We don’t sell the goods to this company.
6. What matters are you discussing now?
7. I have just come back from the business trip.
8. He will buy a new model of computer next month.
9. How are you?
10. I have to go now.
11. Where do you work?
12. Why did he retire last year?
13. I’m very busy now.
14. How long have you had this computer?
15. We’ll be in the office on time tomorrow.
16. They are having talks now.
17. Do you have customers abroad?
II. Закончите предложения, используя выражения в рамке по смыслу в косвенной речи.
|
Mind your own business! Could you repeat, please. Will you help me? Hurry up! Open your bag, please. Don’t tell anybody about it! |
III. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в нужной форме.
Section B.
Text A
STAYING AT HOTEL
The other day Mr. Magon arrived in Moscow on business. Boris Mitin, the manager, met him at Sheremetjevo airport and took him to the Metropol Hotel. Mr. Mitin had reserved accommodation for Mr. Magon two days before. A hotel porter met him at the door and showed him to the reception desk. Some people were waiting at the desk.
The receptionist gave Mr. Magon a form and asked him to write his name, address, nationality and occupation on it. As Mr. Magon knew Russian well it didn’t take him long to fill in the form. After he had gone through the formalities, the receptionist gave Mr. Magon the key to his room and the porter showed them to the room. Mr. Mitin left the hotel after they had made an appointment for the next morning.
Vocabulary
accommodation n – номер в гостинице
fill in n – заполнить
form n – бланк
key n – ключ
occupation n – профессия, род занятий
receptionist n – администратор (в гостинице)
reserve v – зарезервировать, заранее заказать
show to v – провести куда-л.
Exercises
I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
Why did Mr. Magon come to Moscow?
Who met him at the airport?
Where did they go from the airport?
Who had reserved the room for Mr. Magon?
Where did the porter show Mr. Magon to?
What did Mr. Magon write in the form?
When did the receptionist give him the key?
When did Mr. Mitin leave the hotel?
II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.
Mr. Magon came to Russia on holiday.
He was met by Mr. Mitin at Domodedovo airport.
Mr. Magon had reserved the room from London by telephone.
When Mr. Magon came to the hotel, there were no people at the reception desk.
Mr. Magon had to fill in a form.
Mr. Magon went to his room after he had gone through all the formalities.
Mr. Magon and Mr. Mitin made an appointment for the next week.
III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.
|
reception to fill in to go through to make to reserve |
a form accommodation an appointment desk formalities |
IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
Can you meet me __ Heathrow Airport __ 12.30 __ Monday?
Could you fill __ this form, please?
Here is the key __ your room.
The porter will show you __ your room after you go __ all the formalities.
Mr. Mitchell arrived __ Thompson & Co and the secretary showed him __ the Director’s office.
We have already reserved accommodation __ the British delegation.
When I came __ the hotel, Mr. Brown was waiting __ the reception desk.
V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.
accommodation formalities key occupation reserve show
How long did it take you to go through the _________?
When did you ________ the room?
Could you __________ me to Mr. Wilson’s office, please?
I left the __________ at home and I can’t open the door.
The price is £200 per person, including flight, hotel __________ and excursions.
What is your __________? – I’m a lawyer.
Text B
TELEPHONE MESSAGES
Amanda Hayward is a secretary at Standard Security Systems. Her boss, Peter Dawson, was away on business on Monday. She took several messages for him.
|
AMANDA |
Good afternoon. Mr. Dawson’s office. |
|
MISS DOBSON |
Good afternoon. This is Juliet Dobson from Western Video Systems. Mr. Dawson is at the trade fair in Lyon, isn’t he? |
|
AMANDA |
Yes, that’s right. He should be here tomorrow. |
|
MISS DOBSON |
Well, can you give him this message first thing in the morning? I’m afraid we must cancel our last order. The customers have changed their minds, again! |
|
AMANDA |
Good afternoon. Mr. Dawson’s office. |
|
MR. GONZALEZ |
Hello, this is Miguel Gonzalez speaking. Is Peter there? |
|
AMANDA |
No, I’m afraid he’s away on business today. Can I pass a message, Mr. Gonzalez? |
|
MR. GONZALEZ |
Yes, I may be in London from the 21st to the 25th. I want to see Peter then, if possible. It’s about the agency in Mexico. |
It’s Tuesday morning. Peter Dawson has just returned to the office after his business trip to Lyon.
|
MR. DAWSON |
Good morning, Amanda. Were there any messages for me yesterday? |
|
AMANDA |
Yes, quite a few. After lunch Miss Dobson phoned. She said that Western Video Systems had to cancel their last order because their customers had changed their minds. |
|
MR. DAWSON |
Pity! |
|
AMANDA |
Mr. Gonzalez called from Mexico to say he might be in London from 21st to 25th. He said he wanted to see you then. |
|
MR. DAWSON |
Oh, good. I hope I can make it. Anything else? |
|
AMANDA |
No. That’s it. Coffee? |
|
MR. DAWSON |
Please. That would be nice. |
Vocabulary
agency n – агентство
cancel v – отменить
change one’s mind – передумать
fair n – ярмарка
give a message – передать сообщение
pass a message – передать сообщение
several a– несколько
Exercises
I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
What does Amanda Hayward do?
Where was Peter Dawson on Monday?
When did he come back?
Who phoned Mr. Dawson when he was away?
Where does Miss Dobson work?
Why did Miss Dobson have to cancel the order?
Where is Mr. Gonzalez from?
When might Mr. Gonzalez be in London?
What did Mr. Gonzalez want to discuss with Mr. Dawson?
II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.
Peter Dawson is Amanda Hayward’s secretary.
On Monday Peter was in his office.
He was in France till Wednesday.
Juliet Dobson worked for Western Video Systems.
Juliet wanted to increase their last order.
Mr. Gonzalez left a message for Mr. Dawson.
Mr. Gonzalez was going to stay in London for three days.
He wanted to talk about the agency in Mexico.
III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.
|
business to cancel to change to take trade |
a message an order fair trip one’s mind |
IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
I wanted to see Mr. Joyce yesterday, but he was ___ ___ business ___ Rome.
Mr. Jackson ___ Still&Co is coming tomorrow.
Did you go ___ London last week? – No, I am going there next week. I think I will be there ____ Tuesday ____ Friday.
I have to see Mr. Smith as soon as possible. It’s ____ our last order.
When did the Director return ___ Moscow ____ his business trip ___ Paris?
V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.
agency cancel have changed our minds orders pass several trip
Good morning, can I speak to Mr. Dunn, please? – I’m afraid he’s away till Friday. Can I ______ him a message?
What do you do? – I work for a travel ______ .
We began to produce this model last month, but we have already got a lot of _______ from our partners.
He has just returned from business _____ to London.
Are you still going to buy computers from Bond&Co? – No, we ______ after we got their price-list. Their equipment is too expensive.
You didn’t deliver the goods in time. We will have to _______ the contract with you.
Green&Co are going to open __________ new plants in different cities.
UNIT 13
Section A (Grammar reference)
COMPLEX OBJECT (СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ)
Конструкция Complex Object (сложное дополнение) состоит из существительного или местоимения в объектном падеже (me , you, him, her, us, them) и инфинитива глагола, который выражает действие, производимое данным лицом или предметом.
На русский язык эта конструкция переводится дополнительным предложением.
I. После таких глаголов как want (хотеть), expect (ожидать), ask (просить), advise (советовать), recommend (рекомендовать) и др., а также выражения would like (love) (хотел бы) инфинитив употребляется с частицей to.
|
Our partners want us to give them a 7 % discount. |
Наши партнеры хотят, чтобы мы предоставили им 7 % скидку. |
|
We expected them to arrive at 10. |
Мы ожидали, что они приедут в 10. |
|
Would you like your son to become an economist? |
Вы хотели бы, чтобы Ваш сын стал экономистом? |
II. Конструкция Complex Object употребляется также после глаголов физического восприятия и ощущения: to see (видеть), to hear (слышать), to feel (чувствовать), to watch (наблюдать), to notice (замечать).
1). Инфинитив после данных глаголов употребляется без частицы to и указывает на факт совершения действия (действие уже закончилось).
|
I heard somebody cry. |
Я услышал, что кто-то закричал. |
|
He felt somebody enter the room. |
Он почувствовал, что кто-то вошел в комнату. |
2). Если речь идет о действии в процессе его совершения, вместо инфинитива употребляется Participle I.
|
She watched the children crossing the street. |
Она наблюдала, как дети переходят улицу. |
III. Глаголы make (заставлять) и let (позволять) в структуре сложного дополнения требуют после себя употребления инфинитива без частицы to
|
Let me carry your bag. |
Позвольте, я понесу Вашу сумку. |
|
The film made me cry. |
Фильм заставил меня всплакнуть. |
Если глагол make употребляется в страдательном залоге, то инфинитив, следующий за ним, употребляется с частицей to
He was made to sign the contract. Его заставили подписать контракт.
Exercises
I. Составьте предложения, начиная I want you …/I don’t want you … Do you want me…?
1. (you must go on business).
2. (please, don’t sign the contract)
3. (shall we revise the price?)
4. ( show the machine in operation)
5. (don’t phone the customers tonight)
6. (you must make an appointment)
II. Закончите предложения для каждой ситуации, используя сложное дополнение.
Can I use your phone? - Of course. She let……………
I was surprised to meet him. I didn’t expect…………..
I’m busy. Come back in ten minutes. I told…………..
Open your case, please. The customs officer made …….
Don’t stop him doing what he wants. Let …………..
You should buy the new model. She advised………
Lend me some money, please. He asked ………….
Can you introduce me to the manager? I asked………
Study the prices before signing the contract. He wanted ……
Don’t go there alone. She recommended ….
III. Закончите предложения, используя правильную форму –V ing или инфинитив без to.
I didn’t see anybody (leave) the office.
I heard the manager (discuss) the terms.
We watched the customers (sign) the contract.
Did anybody see the machine (work)?
I didn’t hear you (come) in.
They listened to the sellers (tell) about the latest models.
We saw the representatives of the company (study) the prices.
I found the secretary (read) the letter.
I heard somebody (slam) the door.
She felt somebody (touch) her on the shoulder.
Section B
Text A
BUSINESS MEETING
On Friday 11th August Paul Harding looked in his diary. He had an appointment at 11 o’clock with Mr. Rawson, the local manager of the General Company for Foreign Trade.
The GCFT was in the City. Its offices were on the fifth, sixth and seventh floors of a very tall building. The enquiry office was on the ground floor. Inside the company building the woman in the enquiry office telephoned Miss Wells, the manager’s secretary. She arrived and accompanied Paul to her room on the fifth floor. Miss Well had an office next to Mr. Rawson’s. As soon as her boss was free, she buzzed him on the intercom. Mr. Rawson immediately asked her to show Paul into the office.
|
RAWSON |
Ah! Mr. Harding. Come in, please. My name is Rawson. |
|
HARDING |
How do you do? |
|
RAWSON |
How do you do? Please sit down. Did you have a good trip? |
|
HARDING |
Yes, thank you. Not at all bad. |
|
RAWSON |
Good! Now this morning I want you to meet some of our heads of Department… Miss Wells, ask Mr. Jones to come in here, please. |
|
WELL |
I’m afraid Mr. Jones is not available… Mr. Smith is not available either. But Mrs. Collier’s here. |
|
RAWSON |
Good. Ask her to come in, please. When were you here last, Mr. Harding? |
|
HARDING |
Oh! I was here about six months ago. |
|
RAWSON |
Did you meet Mrs. Collier then? |
|
HARDING |
No, I didn’t I’m afraid. |
|
RAWSON |
Well, she’s my Personal Assistant. You will like her. She’s a very charming lady… Ah, Mrs. Collier. |
|
COLLIER |
Please, don’t get up. |
|
RAWSON |
I’d like to introduce you a colleague from America. Mrs. Collier, Mr. Harding. |
|
HARDING |
How do you do? |
|
COLLIER |
How do you do? |
Vocabulary
accompany v – сопровождать
appointment n – встреча, договоренность о встрече
available a – доступный, зд.: свободный, не занятый
arrive v – приезжать, прибывать
building n – здание
buzz n – звонить (по телефону)
City – Сити, деловой центр Лондона
enquiry n – вопрос, запрос
enquiry office – справочное бюро
floor n – этаж
ground floor – первый этаж
head n – глава
I’m afraid – Я боюсь..
immediately adv – немедленно
intercom n – система внутренней связи, переговорное устройство
introduce v – представлять
Personal Assistant – личный помощник
show smb into v – проводить кого-л. куда-л.
Exercises
I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
Who did Paul Harding have an appointment with?
Where were the company’s offices located?
Who accompanied Mr. Harding to the office?
Who did Mr. Rawson want Mr. Harding to meet?
Could Mr. Harding see Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith?
Had Mr. Harding visited GCFT before?
Had he met Mrs. Collier before?
What’s Mrs. Collier’s position in the company?
II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.
Paul Herding is a businessman.
Mr. Harding had an appointment on Saturday.
The company occupied three floors of a tall building in the City.
A clerk in the enquiry office led Paul to Mr. Rawson’s office.
Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith were out at the moment.
It was Mr. Harding’s first visit to the GCFT.
Mrs. Collier is the head of the Human Resources Department.
III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.
|
enquiry ground head of local Personal |
Assistant department floor manager office |
IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
When I came ___ Blake&Co the secretary met me and showed me ___ the directors office.
Mr. Blake is the head ___ the R&D Department.
Did anybody accompany you ___ the plant when you visited Carlton Ltd? – Yes, Mr. Black went there ___ us.
Come ___, Paul. Sit ___, please.
I have an appointment ___ Mr. Stewart ___ 5.30 ___ Friday ____ next week.
V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.
accompany appointment available enquiry office immediately introduce personal assistant showed… into
I phoned Mr. Thompson to make an _________ with him for next Wednesday.
When I came to GML the secretary _____________ me ___the Director’s office.
Let me _______ myself. I’m John Copeland, Sales Manager of Brown&Co.
Are you _______ for a meeting tomorrow?
I came up to the ________ to find out on which floor Mr. Bond’s office was.
Can we visit your plant? – Yes, we’ll be glad to show it to you. I myself will _______ you there.
When do you need the goods? – We need them __________. Could you deliver the first lot in a week?
Jane is our Director’s ___________. She works as a secretary and helps him to do some of his work.
UNIT 14
Section A (Grammar reference)
GERUND (ГЕРУНДИЙ)
GERUND vs. INFINITIVE
Герундий – неличная форма глагола, которая сочетает в себе свойства существительного и глагола. Герундий образуется прибавлением окончания -ing к глаголу и выражает название действия.
В русском языке подобной формы нет. На русский язык герундий переводится инфинитивом, отглагольным существительным или придаточным предложением.
Запомните следующие глаголы и выражения, после которых употребляется герундий :
|
accuse smb of - |
обвинять кого-либо (в чем-либо) |
|
admit - apologise for - avoid - be good at - be interested in- can’t help - can’t stand - congratulate smb on- consider - deny - enjoy - feel like - give up - go on - go swimming, etc.- like love imagine - insist on - instead of - it’s worth - look forward to- mind - object to - postpone - put off - stop - suggest - thank smb. for - |
признавать, допускать извиняться (за что-либо) избегать быть способным к интересоваться, быть заинтересованным быть не в состоянии удержаться от чего-либо (не могу не ….) не выдерживать, не выносить (терпеть не могу) поздравлять рассматривать отрицать, отказываться получать удовольствие, наслаждаться хотеть, испытывать желание бросить, отказаться продолжать заниматься плаванием, и т.п. любить любить представлять настаивать на вместо; вместо того, чтобы стоит с нетерпением ждать иметь что-либо против, возражать возражать откладывать откладывать прекращать, перестать предлагать благодарить кого-либо за что-либо |
Например:
|
This book is worth reading. |
Эту книгу стоит прочитать. |
|
Do you mind my smoking here? |
Вы не возражаете, если я здесь закурю? |
|
Every time I see her I can’t help smiling. |
Каждый раз, когда я ее вижу, не могу не улыбнуться. |
|
We are looking forward to meeting you in Moscow. |
C нетерпением ждем встречи с Вами в Москве. |
|
I don’t feel like going to the cinema today. |
У меня нет желания идти в кино сегодня. |
После следующих глаголов употребляется не герундий, а инфинитив:
|
agree |
соглашаться |
|
arrange decide expect fail forget hope manage need offer plan promise refuse seem want would like |
договариваться, устроить решать ожидать не удаваться забывать надеяться справляться нуждаться предлагать планировать обещать отказывать казаться хотеть хотелось бы |
Например:
|
They decided to take part in this project. |
Они решили принять участие в этом проекте. |
|
Mr. Smith will agree to give us a discount if we increase our order. |
Мистер Смит согласится дать нам скидку, если мы увеличим заказ. |
Обратите внимание на различие в значениях действий, выраженных герундием и инфинитивом после глагола to stop.
Stop + Gerund выражает прекращение действия:
When he saw his parents he stopped smoking. Когда он увидел своих родителей, он перестал курить.
Stop + Infinitive выражает цель действия:
Before entering the building, he stopped to smoke. Прежде, чем войти в здание, он остановился покурить.
Exercises
I. Поставьте глаголы в правильную форму to V … или V - ing
II. Закончите предложения используя V–ing или to V. Используйте один из глаголов.
|
see watch help walk make meet wait rain go call |
I’m surprised that you are here. I didn’t’t expect …. you.
Shall we get a taxi to the office? – But it’s not far. I don’t mind …
The secretary has a lot to do, so I offered …. her.
What are you doing in the evening? Would you like …. to the restaurant with me?
When I’m tired in the evening, I like … television.
I offer … a taxi for you.
Shall we go now? – No, I’d prefer … a few minutes.
I ‘m not going out until it stops …
We are looking forward to … you in Moscow.
I suggest … an appointment at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
III. Закончите ответы на вопросы.
Do you usually get up early? - Yes, I like…
Do you often travel? – Yes, I enjoy…
Have you ever been to London? No, but I’d love ……
Do you eat at home or go to the restaurant? I don’t mind … a restaurant but I’d prefer …. home.
Do you ever go to the cinema? –Yes, I love …
Do you often write letters? -No, I don’t like …
Did you enjoy the flight? –Yes, I always enjoy ….
Section B
Text A
VINOS VELASQUEZ
Calle
Obregón 15
28020 Madrid
A. Sandbach
Top Up Wines
High Wycombe
Bucks.
UK
Dear Mr. Sandbach
Thank you for your letter of 12 June in which you stated that, following the visit of your chief buyer Mr. Lindfield, you are considering placing an order for our Sauvignon Blanc table wine.
We can arrange to supply you with an initial order of 1,000 cases, and I enclose our current trade price list, which I believe you will find very competitive. If you decide to go ahead with the order, we will agree to give you a 14% discount you mentioned and details are enclosed. Please note that we guarantee delivering firm orders within four weeks.
You mentioned that you wanted to market the wine under your own brand name, which will involve changing the labels. I would suggest getting the labels printed here because it is probably not worth having them printed in the UK and then sending them here. I have contacted our personal printer for a quotation and I hope to be able to send you a firm price.
Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any further queries. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours sincerely
A. Velasquez
Alfonso Velasquez
Vocabulary
agree v– соглашаться
be worth doing smth
buyer n – покупатель, закупщик
chief a – главный
competitive a – конкурентоспособный
consider v – рассматривать, обсуждать
current a – текущий
current trade price list – каталог текущих оптовых цен
enclose v – прилагать
enclose with the letter – прилагать к письму
firm n – твердый
firm order – твердый заказ
following a – следующий
further a – дальнейший
go ahead v – продолжать
guarantee v – гарантировать
hesitate v – сомневаться, не решаться
initial a – начальный, первоначальный, первый
involve v – вызывать, влечь за собой
label n – ярлык, этикетка
market v – продавать
mention v – упоминать
note v – замечать, обращать внимание
price list n – прайс-лист, прейскурант
query n – вопрос, сомнение
quotation n – котировка, расценка
state v – сообщать, заявлять
suggest v – предлагать
supply v – поставлять
within prep– в течение, не позднее
worth a – стóящий
Exercises
I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
Who is the letter written by?
Who is it addressed to?
What did Mr. Sandbach say in his letter of 12 June?
How big is Mr. Sandbach’s initial order?
What is enclosed with the letter?
Can Mr. Velasquez offer his customer a discount?
What guarantees does Mr. Velasquez give?
Why will Top Up Wines have to change the labels?
Where will the labels be printed?
Who has Mr. Velasquez contacted about the matter of labels?
II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.
Alfonso Velasquez is the Managing Director of Vinos Velasquez, a Spanish company.
Mr. Sandbach works for a French firm called Top Up Wines.
Top Up Wines is going to sell some wine to Vinos Velasquez.
The first order of one thousand cases can be delivered within a month.
Mr. Velasquez can offer a discount to Top Up Wines if they place more orders with Vinos Velasquez.
Mr. Velasquez enclosed their price list with the letter.
If Top UP Vines sell the wine in Britain, they will have to change the labels.
Mr. Velasquez suggests that the labels should be printed in Britain.
III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.
|
brand chief current firm further initial look forward to arrange |
buyer order price list name price queries to hearing supplying |
IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
Thank you ___ you letter ___ May 21st.
We are considering ___ placing an order ___ your company ____ 60 machines.
I’m afraid we cannot supply you ___ 5 computers ____ January.
We look ___ ___ seeing you.
We can guarantee delivery ___ the goods ___ two weeks.
If you go ___ ___ buying
____ what brand name are you going to sell the product?
You can always contact ___ Mr. Smith ___ further details.
V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.
competitive enclose guarantee market quotations states suggest supply worth
We’ll be able to place an order with your company, if you offer _______ prices.
We ______ with the letter some brochures and pricelists.
In his letter Mr. White ______ that our machines don’t meet their requirements.
We can _______ high quality of our goods.
I________ looking through the contract very carefully before we sign it.
If you _______ your goods abroad, you’ll face a lot of competition.
Could we have your catalogues and _________?
We can _______ the goods from our main store.
Do you think this offer is ________ considering?
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Упражнение № 1
Ответьте на вопросы, используя страдательный залог. Употребите слова, данные в скобках.
Упражнение № 2
Скажите, что действие, выраженное глаголом, стоящим в скобках, произошло раньше
(Past Perfect), чем действие в данном вам предложении (Past Simple) .
Следуйте образцу: … , then called Brown & Co.( She , study quotations )
She had studied quotations , then called Brown & Co.
Упражнение № 3
Передайте нижеследующие просьбы, приказы, вопросы и утверждения в косвенной
речи
Упражнение № 4
Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя конструкцию «сложное дополнение» (Complex Object ) вместо придаточных дополнительных предложений.
Следуйте образцу: I didn’t expect that she would forget to call the partners. ---I didn’t expect her to forget to call the partners .
1. The Research & Development Department expects that the economists will make calculations as soon as possible .
2. The Director wants that the trainees will do the computer course in May.
3. Did you see that he was looking through enquiries ?
4. The board expects that you will cancel the meeting .
5. We watch how the inspectors are testing the equipment .
6. She advised me that I shouldn’t change my mind and accept the offer.
7. The secretary noticed that the engineers entered their office on the first floor .
8. The chief manager wanted that his personal assistant would reserve 3 tickets for a non-stop train .
9. Have you seen that he filled the form ?
10. I heard that he mentioned the organization structure of that company .
Упражнение № 5
Откройте скобки, выберите правильную форму глагола (to + Infinitive или Gerund )
Упражнение № 6
Выполните упражнение, выбрав правильный вариант
1. Our partners were pleased as the goods… without any delay.
a) were dispatched b) was dispatched c) will be dispatched
2. The mail … every morning.
a) is delivered b) delivered c) is delivering
3. … she send the order last week? -Yes, the order … last week.
a) is, will be sent b) did, was sent c) was, is sent
4. Their staff … better than ours.
a) to train b) is trained c) training
5. When … they check the equipment ? – It … in an hour .
a) are , was checked b) will, will be checked c) were , is checked
6. Voronin stressed that it … their usual price .
a) is b) were c) was
7. He asked the advertising manager if he ever … part in specialized exhibitions .
a) had taken b) took c) taking
8. Yesterday we … the calculations by the beginning of the talks .
a) were making b) made c) had made
9. The secretary … the report before the director’s arrival.
a) had prepared b) is preparing c) prepares
10. I didn’t want her … the project .
a) setting up b) was setting up c) to set up
11. She … the mail , then … the customers .
a) sort out , called b) had sorted out , call c) had sorted out, called
12. They seem … a reliable company .
a) to be b) beeng c) are
13. Mr Petrov heard the inspectors … the tests .
a) discussing b) to discuss c) discussed
14. The management would like the personnel … responsible .
a) to be b) were c) have been
15. We are looking forward to … from you .
a) hear b) heard c) hearing
16. Did the Buyers promise … by a letter of credit ?
a) paying b) to pay c) pay
17. The financial manager stopped… the matter and phoned the supplier.
a) to discuss b) discussing c) discussed
18. The marketing manager told the customers that their new model … a great success.
a) is b) being c) had been
19. … you … the talks by 6 o’ clock yesterday ?
a) had completed b) have completed c) did complete
20. He saw the staff … on their computers .
a) worked b) to work c) working
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №3
Для успешного выполнения контрольной работы вам необходимо проработать следующие разделы грамматики:
Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, используя глагол в Passive voice
Упражнение 2. Выберите правильную форму глагола в Passive или Active voice
Упражнение III. Выберите правильную форму глагола.
Упражнение IV. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в Past Simple или Past Perfect.
Упражнение V. Выберите правильную форму глагола.
Упражнение VI. Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.
Упражнение VII. Выберите правильную форму.
Упражнение VIII. Перепишите предложения, используя Complex Object.
Упражнение IX. Выберите правильную форму глагола.
Упражнение X. Раскройте скобки, употребив герундий или инфинитив.
Упражнение XI. Перепишите предложения, подставив в пропуски слова из приведенного ниже списка.
advert agree appointment cancel competitive consider enclose further immediately supply
Упражнение XII. Письменно переведите следующий текст.
Mr. Brown is a successful American businessman. He has been in business for about fifteen years. His company produces good equipment. The equipment sells well in his own country. But three years ago he realized he needed more customers. He wanted foreign firms to buy his equipment. He began looking for new customers in foreign markets.
After his company had entered some European markets, Mr. Brown decided to go to Russia to study the possibility to supply his goods to Russian companies.
Mr. Brown believed that one of the best preparations for a trip was reading about the country to which he was going. He learnt a lot about Russian economy, the country’s trade, its main suppliers, etc.
Before leaving for Russia he contacted the commercial representative of his country in Russia to get some information about the market and import duties. He also wondered if there were any changes in Russian business law.
His secretary booked a ticket, accommodation, and made some business appointments for her boss.
Упражнение XIII. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
PAGE 5
Board
anaging Director
Export Sales Department
Rossomon France
Rossomon Germany
Rossomon Japan
Human Resources Department
Management Services Department
5 Regional Managers
Finance department
Research & Development Department
North
South
East
West
Central