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Формы залога показывают является ли подлежащее лицом - предметом совершающим действие или лицом - предм

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УЧЕБНОЕ  ПОСОБИЕ

ПО  АНГЛИЙСКОМУ  ЯЗЫКУ

для студентов заочной формы обучения

СЕМЕСТР 3


UNIT 11

Section A (Grammar reference)

THE  PASSIVE  VOICE  (СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ  ЗАЛОГ)

В английском языке имеются два залога: действительный залог (The Active Voice)  и  страдательный залог (The Passive Voice).

Формы залога показывают, является ли подлежащее лицом / предметом, совершающим действие, или лицом / предметом, подвергающимся действию.

Когда подлежащее является  лицом / предметом, совершающим действие, глагол употребляется в форме действительного залога:

They will sign the contract next week.    Они подпишут контракт на следующей неделе.

Когда подлежащее является  лицом / предметом, подвергающимся действию со стороны другого лица / предмета, глагол употребляется в форме страдательного залога:

The contract will be signed next week.    Контракт будет подписан на следующей неделе.

Времена страдательного залога образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени и формы причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола. Таким образом, при спряжении глагола в страдательном залоге изменяется только глагол to be,  а смысловой  глагол имеет во всех временах одну и ту же форму - Past Participle.

Present Simple:     The contract is signed.     Контракт подписан.

         Is the contract signed? – Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.

         The contract is not (isn’t) signed.

Past Simple:         The contact was signed last week. Контракт подписали (был подписан)            на прошлой неделе.

         Was the contract signed last week? – Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t.

         The contract was not (wasn’t) signed last week.

Future Simple:        The contract will be signed next  week.   Контракт подпишут (будет подписан)

     на следующей неделе.

                                 Will the contract be signed next week? – Yes it will. / No it won’t.

                                  The contract will not (won’t) be signed next week.                            

    

 В английском языке в страдательном залоге часто не указывается лицо (предмет), которое производит действие. При необходимости указания данного лица или предмета употребляется предлог by или  with.  Предлог  by употребляется при обозначении действующих лиц,  предлог  with  - для неодушевленных предметов.

 This novel was written by my friend.

The contract was signed by Mr. Brown.

The picture was drawn with a piece of chalk.

The bread was cut with this knife.

 Глаголы, которые употребляются с предлогами, в страдательном залоге эти предлоги сохраняют. Например:

The Active Voice     The Passive Voice

They speak much about this film.   This film is much spoken about.

    Об этом фильме много говорят.

They listened to her with great interest.   She was listened to with great interest.

          Ee слушали с большим интересом.

Exercises

I. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной форме в Passive Voice (Present, Past, Future Simple Passive)

  1.  A lot of mail (receive) yesterday.
  2.  The products of our firm (export) to many countries.
  3.  The construction of the plant (complete) next year.
  4.  Electronic equipment (produce) at our plant 6 months ago.
  5.  A lot of models (modify) every year.
  6.  The invitations (send) 2 weeks ago.
  7.  Letters usually (type) by our secretary.
  8.  The goods (deliver) in four months.
  9.  The price problem (settle) the day before yesterday.
  10.  I can’t drive to work today. The car (fix) only on Friday.
  11.  The managing director always (assist) by executives.

II. Образуйте специальный вопрос в Passive Voice

  1.   The company was founded in 1993. (When?)
  2.   The contracts are signed in the conference room. (Where?)
  3.   The discount was offered to him because he was a regular customer.  (Why?)
  4.   The goods will be delivered next week.  (When?)
  5.   English language is spoken by many people. (What?)
  6.  The talks will be held on Tuesday (What? When?)
  7.  The sales department was headed by Mr. Flake a few years ago. (What?)
  8.  The catalogues were looked through yesterday. (When?)
  9.  The tests of the machines were carried out at the plant. (Where?)
  10.  All the terms were discussed because it was a trial order. (Why?)

III. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active Voice или в Passive Voice.

  1.  The factory is big, five hundred people (employ) there.
  2.  The letter (post) a week ago but it (arrive) yesterday.
  3.  The office (lock) at 7 p.m. every evening.
  4.  The catalogues (receive) a week ago.
  5.  The customers (increase) the order.
  6.  The new model (offer) for sale next year.
  7.  When the manager was on holiday the documents (disappear) from the office.
  8.  When the manager was on holiday the documents (steal) from the office.
  9.  The offer (receive) 2 days ago.
  10.  They (invite) the businessmen to the restaurant.
  11.  We (tell) to discuss the matter in detail.
  12.  The sellers (deliver) the machines last month.

IV. Преобразуйте предложения из активного залога в пассивный.

  1.  We sign contracts every year.
  2.  People don’t refer to this website very often.
  3.  Somebody cleans the office every day.
  4.  How do people learn languages?
  5.  They painted the office two weeks ago.
  6.  He advised us not to buy these products.
  7.  They cancelled the flights because of fog.
  8.  The director promoted a new employee.
  9.  They will design a new model next year.
  10.  They bought new computers in June.

Section B

Text

ORGANISATION STUCTURE

Here is the organization structure of Rossomon. The Managing Director is responsible for running the company and is accountable to the Board.

He is assisted by four executive departments. Human Resources Department which is responsible for personnel, training and management development. Then there is the Finance Department which takes care of corporate finance and accounting. Next is the Management Services Department. It is led by Peter Jenkins who is in charge of rationalisation throughout the company. And finally there is the R&D Department – research and development – which works closely with the five regions on new product development.

Directly under the Managing Director, there are five Regional Managers. Each of them is responsible for the day-to-day management of a territory – these are geographically split into North, South, East, West and Central Regions.

In addition to the parent company, Rossomon has three subsidiaries, they are Rossomon France, Germany and Japan. The subsidiaries report to the Export Sales Department, which in turn is accountable to the board.

 

Vocabulary

accountable a – подотчетный, ответственный перед к.-л.

accounting n – бухгалтерский учет

assist v – помогать, оказывать помощь

be in charge of v – отвечать за ч.-л., руководить

board n – совет, комитет

closely adv – зд. в тесном контакте

corporate finance – корпоративные финансы, финансы корпорации

day-to-day management – оперативное управление

executive a – исполнительный 

Export Sales Department – отдел экспортных продаж

Finance Department – финансовый отдел

Human Resourses Department – отдел кадров

lead v – вести, руководить, возглавлять

management development – повышение квалификации руководящих кадров

Management Services Department – административный, административно-управленческий отдел

organization structure – организационная структура

parent company - материнская компания, компания, владеющая контрольным пакетом акций другой компании

personnel n – кадры, штат, персонал

rationalization n – рационализация

report to v– давать отчет, отчитываться

Research and Development Department – отдел исследований и разработок

responsible for a – ответственный за

split v – разделять

subsidiary n – дочерняя компания

take care of v – смотреть, заниматься (чем-л.), следить за (чем-л.)

throughout prep – через, по всему

throughout the company – во всей компании

training n – подготовка, обучение

in turn – в свою очередь

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

  1.  Who is responsible for running the company?
  2.  Who is he accountable to?
  3.  What departments assist the Managing Director?
  4.  What is Human Resources responsible for?
  5.  Which department is in charge of finance and accounting?
  6.  Which department does Peter Jenkins lead?
  7.  What does R&D work on?
  8.  How many regional managers does the company have?
  9.  Where does the company have subsidiaries?
  10.  Who are the subsidiaries accountable to?

II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.

  1.  The company is run by the Managing Director.
  2.  Both the Managing Director and the Export Sales Department are accountable to the Board.
  3.  The executive departments of Rossomon are Human Resources, Management Service and Research and Development.
  4.  The Management service Department is responsible for rationalization in the company.
  5.  New product development is the responsibility of Human Resources.
  6.  Regional Managers are accountable to the Managing Director.
  7.  Rossomon has two subsidiaries abroad.
  8.  The subsidiaries are accountable to the Export Sales Department.

III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.

  1.  day-to-day
  2.  executive
  3.  Human
  4.  Management
  5.  organization
  6.  parent
  7.  Research and
  8.  to be accountable
  9.  to be responsible
  10.  to take

care

company

departments

Development

for running the company

management

Resources

Service Department

structure

to the Board

IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.

  1.  Let me say a few words ____ our company.
  2.  This chart shows the structure ___ the company.
  3.  The Export Sales Department is responsible ____ the subsidiaries and is accountable ___ the Board.
  4.  The Managing Director is assisted ___ five executive departments.
  5.  The Human Resources Department is in charge ___ personnel and training.
  6.  The R&D Department takes care ___ research and  works ___ product development.
  7.  There are four departments_____ the Managing Director.
  8.  ____ addition ____ managers responsible ____ the executive departments, there are five regional managers.
  9.   Regional managers report ___ the Managing Director.

V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.

accountable      accounting      assisted      Board      charge      personnel       report       responsible      subsidiaries

  1.  Our firm is based in the USA, and we have three _______ in Europe.
  2.  What do you do? – I’m a Sales Manager and I’m _________ for the distribution of our goods.
  3.  I’m accountable to the Production Manager, so I  __________ to him every week.
  4.  The major service industries should be _______ to their customers.
  5.  Who ________ you in the preparation of this report?
  6.  We have improved our ________ policy lately. Now our employees are more experienced.
  7.  Mr. Brown is our Sales Manager. He is in ________ of the Sales Department.
  8.  The ________ of Directors is responsible for taking decisions.
  9.  Michael has always been good at mathematics and he has decided to study ________.


UNIT 12

Section A (Grammar reference)

The Past Perfect Tense (Предпрошедшее  время)

Past  Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме прошедшего времени (had) и Past Participle смыслового глагола.

Past Perfect употребляется для выражения действия, которое закончилось до определенного момента в прошлом.

Этот момент может быть выражен:

точным указанием времени с предлогом by:

They had finished discussing the terms of delivery only by 7 o’clock yesterday.

Вчера они закончили обсуждать условия доставки только к 7 часам.

 

другим прошедшим действием:

When we arrived at the airport the plane had already landed.

Когда мы приехали в аэропорт, самолет уже приземлился.

   

Exercises

I. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Past Perfect.

1.  We returned the contract to the customer because he (not to sign) it.

2.  They couldn’t get into the office because the manager (to leave) the keys at home.

3.  We (to finish) our work by 6 o’clock.

4.  It was difficult to operate this machine because we (not to do) it before.

5.  We arrived at work and found that somebody (to break) into the office during the night.

6. Jack realized that he (to make) a serious mistake.

II. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Past Simple или Past Perfect.

  1.  After we (to study) the prices we (to sign) the contact.
  2.  I couldn’t get the job. They (to find) someone else before my resume (to arrive).
  3.  Before we (to invite) the partners to the factory we (to make) all the necessary arrangements.
  4.  Before the director (to go) on business the secretary (to reserve) a room in the hotel for him.
  5.  After I (to go) through the customs I (to receive) my baggage.
  6.  After we (to see) the new model at the exhibition we (to place) an order.
  7.  When they (to arrive) at the airport the registration already (to begin).
  8.  I (to invite) Jane to the party but she couldn’t come because she (to arrange) something else to do.
  9.  Liz (not to want) to go to the exhibition because she already (to visit) it before.

III. Закончите предложения используя Past Perfect.

I didn't want to watch the  news because I …

The secretary phoned to say that the customer…

Yesterday we sent a letter to our partners to say that …

I was looking forward to my trip because I …

Before we started the talks we …

REPORTED  (INDIRECT)  SPEECH   (КОСВЕННАЯ  РЕЧЬ)

 Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в настоящем времени, то в придаточном дополнительном предложении сказуемое употребляется в требуемом по смыслу времени.

We know he lives in Paris.

Мы знаем, что он живет в Париже.

He says he is watching TV.

Он говорит, что смотрит  телевизор

Kate says she sent the letter yesterday.

Катя говорит, что отправила письмо вчера.

Mr. Brown is sure they will sign the contract tomorrow.

Мистер Браун уверен, что они подпишут контракт завтра.

 Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в прошедшем времени, то при переводе прямой речи в косвенную соблюдается правило согласования времен, т.е. сказуемое придаточного дополнительного предложения должно быть употреблено в одном из прошедших времен. При этом происходят следующие изменения:

Direct Speech (Прямая речь)

Reported Speech (Косвенная речь)

Present Simple                             →           Past Simple

Present Continuous                       →          Past Continuous

Past Simple                                   →          Past Perfect

Present Perfect                              →          Past Perfect

Past Perfect                                   →          Past Perfect

Future Simple (Will)                    →          Future in the Past (Would)                                                                         

 Для выражения действия,  одновременного с действием главного предложения, в придаточном предложении употребляется  Past Simple или Past Continuous:       

I was sure that he was busy.

Я была уверена, что он  занят.

He said he was watching TV.

Он сказал, что смотрит телевизор.

Для выражения действия,  предшествующего действию главного предложения,  в придаточном предложении употребляется  Past Perfect:

We knew he had left for Madrid.   Мы знали, что он уехал в Мадрид.                                                                                                  

Для выражения последующего (будущего) действия,  в придаточном предложении употребляется  Future in the Past:

I didn’t doubt that my friends would meet me at the station.

Я не сомневался, что мои друзья встретят меня на станции.

        

Употребляемые в прямой речи личные и притяжательные местоимения в косвенной речи заменяются по смыслу (например,  we  →  they ,   my book → his/her book и т.п.).

Следующим образом также заменяются указательные местоимения, обстоятельства места и времени:

     Direct Speech (Прямая речь)

Reported Speech (Косвенная речь)

this                       →           that

these                       →            those

here                       →            there

now                       →           then

today                       →           that day

yesterday                                  →            the day before

ago                                   →            before

last (year)                                  →            the previous (year)

in                                   →            later

tomorrow                                  →            the next day/the following day

the day after tomorrow                        →            two days later

next (year)                                              →            the following (year)

 Повествовательные предложения при переводе из прямой речи в косвенную вводятся союзом  that,  который может опускаться:

I hoped (that) they would reduce the price.

Я надеялся, что они снизят цену.

                                                                                        

При переводе вопросительных предложений в косвенную речь изменяется порядок слов в предложении – сказуемое ставится после подлежащего:

- Where does John work?          

They asked me where John worked.

- Why are you late?

They wanted to know why I was late.

- How will you spend your   week-end?

They wondered how I would spend my week-end.

                                                                                                 

 Общие вопросы при переводе в косвенную речь вводятся с помощью союзов  if  или  whether,  соответствующих в русском языке частице  ли:

- Have you finished your report?     

Mr. Brown asked me if (whether) I had finished my report

 Повелительное наклонение в косвенной речи передается инфинитивным оборотом. При передаче просьбы  употребляется глагол  to ask (просить), а для передачи приказания – to tell (сказать, велеть, приказать).

- Will you show your passport?

The clerk asked me to show my passport.

- Don’t close the window, please.

Jane asked me not to close the window.

- Don’t be late.

They told me not to be late.

Exercises

I. Передайте предложения  в косвенной речи.   Повествовательные предложения начинайте с  she(he) said…   вопросительные с  she(he) asked….

1.  The manager made an appointment with customers yesterday.

2.  Where have you been?

3.  He can’t go to this meeting next week.

4.  Can you lend me some money?

5. We don’t sell the goods to this company.

6. What matters are you discussing now?

7. I have just come back from the business trip.

8.  He will buy a new model of computer next month.

9.  How are you?

10. I have to go now.

11. Where do you work?

12. Why did he retire last year?

13. I’m very busy now.

14. How long have you had this computer?

15. We’ll be in the office on time tomorrow.

16. They are having talks now.

17. Do you have customers abroad?

II. Закончите предложения, используя выражения в рамке по смыслу в косвенной речи.

Mind your own business!          Could you repeat, please.

Will you help me?                      Hurry up!

Open your bag, please.               Don’t tell anybody about it!
  1.  It was late so I…..
  2.  The customs officer ….
  3.  It was a secret so I …
  4.  She started asking me personal questions so I ….
  5.  I couldn’t do the work myself so I ….
  6.  It was difficult to understand the words of the foreign customer so I…

III. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в нужной форме.

  1.  I met Diana last week. She said that she (work) for another company soon.
  2.  Charlie was sure that having lunch at the restaurant (be) always expensive.
  3.  Ann said that she (not enjoy) her job very much.
  4.  Janet claimed that somebody (steal) her car a few weeks ago.
  5.  We had no idea if Carol (come) to the management meeting.
  6.  I wondered if Jane (receive) the letter.
  7.  We didn’t know how far it (be) to the airport.
  8.  They asked if the bank (be) near there.
  9.  She insisted that Dave always (work) very hard.
  10.  I was looking for the manager but the secretary said that he already (go) home.

Section B.

Text A

STAYING AT HOTEL

The other day Mr. Magon arrived in Moscow on business. Boris Mitin, the manager, met him at Sheremetjevo airport and took him to the Metropol Hotel. Mr. Mitin had reserved accommodation for Mr. Magon two days before. A hotel porter met him at the door and showed him to the reception desk. Some people were waiting at the desk.

The receptionist gave Mr. Magon a form and asked him to write his name, address, nationality and occupation on it. As Mr. Magon knew Russian well it didn’t take him long to fill in the form. After he had gone through the formalities, the receptionist gave Mr. Magon the key to his room and the porter showed them to the room. Mr. Mitin left the hotel after they had made an appointment for the next morning.

Vocabulary

accommodation n – номер в гостинице

fill in n – заполнить

form n – бланк

key n – ключ

occupation n – профессия, род занятий

receptionist n – администратор (в гостинице)

reserve v – зарезервировать, заранее заказать

show to v – провести куда-л.

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

Why did Mr. Magon come to Moscow?

Who met him at the airport?

Where did they go from the airport?

Who had reserved the room for Mr. Magon?

Where did the porter show Mr. Magon to?

What did Mr. Magon write in the form?

When did the receptionist give him the key?

When did Mr. Mitin leave the hotel?

II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.

Mr. Magon came to Russia on holiday.

He was met by Mr. Mitin at Domodedovo airport.

Mr. Magon had reserved the room from London by telephone.

When Mr. Magon came to the hotel, there were no people at the reception desk.

Mr. Magon had to fill in a form.

Mr. Magon went to his room after he had gone through all the formalities.

Mr. Magon and Mr. Mitin made an appointment for the next week.

III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.

reception

to fill in

to go through

to make

to reserve

a form

accommodation

an appointment

desk

formalities

IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.

Can you meet me __ Heathrow Airport __ 12.30 __ Monday?

Could you fill __ this form, please?

Here is the key __ your room.

The porter will show you __ your room after you go __ all the formalities.

Mr. Mitchell arrived __ Thompson & Co and the secretary showed him __ the Director’s office.

We have already reserved accommodation __ the British delegation.

When I came __ the hotel, Mr. Brown was waiting __ the reception desk.

V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.

accommodation                formalities                   key                     occupation                      reserve                 show

How long did it take you to go through the _________?

When did you ________ the room?

Could you __________ me to Mr. Wilson’s office, please?

I left the __________ at home and I can’t open the door.

The price is £200 per person, including flight, hotel __________ and excursions.

What is your __________? – I’m a lawyer.

Text B  

TELEPHONE  MESSAGES

Amanda Hayward is a secretary at Standard Security Systems. Her boss, Peter Dawson, was away on business on Monday. She took several messages for him.

AMANDA

Good afternoon. Mr. Dawson’s office.

MISS DOBSON

Good afternoon. This is Juliet Dobson from Western Video Systems. Mr. Dawson is at the trade fair in Lyon, isn’t he?

AMANDA

Yes, that’s right. He should be here tomorrow.

MISS DOBSON

Well, can you give him this message first thing in the morning? I’m afraid we must cancel our last order. The customers have changed their minds, again!

AMANDA

Good afternoon. Mr. Dawson’s office.

MR. GONZALEZ

Hello, this is Miguel Gonzalez speaking. Is Peter there?

AMANDA

No, I’m afraid he’s away on business today. Can I pass a message, Mr. Gonzalez?

MR. GONZALEZ

Yes, I may be in London from the 21st to the 25th. I want to see Peter then, if possible. It’s about the agency in Mexico.

It’s Tuesday morning. Peter Dawson has just returned to the office after his business trip to Lyon.

MR. DAWSON

Good morning, Amanda. Were there any messages for me yesterday?

AMANDA

Yes, quite a few. After lunch Miss Dobson phoned. She said that Western Video Systems had to cancel their last order because their customers had changed their minds.

MR. DAWSON

Pity!

AMANDA

Mr. Gonzalez called from Mexico to say he might be in London from 21st to 25th. He said he wanted to see you then.

MR. DAWSON

Oh, good. I hope I can make it. Anything else?

AMANDA

No. That’s it. Coffee?

MR. DAWSON

Please. That would be nice.

Vocabulary

agency n – агентство 

cancel v – отменить 

change one’s mind – передумать 

fair n – ярмарка

give a message – передать сообщение 

pass a message – передать сообщение 

several a– несколько

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

What does Amanda Hayward do?

Where was Peter Dawson on Monday?

When did he come back?

Who phoned Mr. Dawson when he was away?

Where does Miss Dobson work?

Why did Miss Dobson have to cancel the order?

Where is Mr. Gonzalez from?

When might Mr. Gonzalez be in London?

What did Mr. Gonzalez want to discuss with Mr. Dawson?

II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.

Peter Dawson is Amanda Hayward’s secretary.

On Monday Peter was in his office.

He was in France till Wednesday.

Juliet Dobson worked for Western Video Systems.

Juliet wanted to increase their last order.

Mr. Gonzalez left a message for Mr. Dawson.

Mr. Gonzalez was going to stay in London for three days.

He wanted to talk about the agency in Mexico.

III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.

business

to cancel

to change

to take

trade

a message

an order

fair

trip

one’s mind

IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.

I wanted to see Mr. Joyce yesterday, but he was ___ ___ business ___ Rome.

Mr. Jackson ___ Still&Co is coming tomorrow.

Did you go ___ London last week? – No, I am going there next week. I think I will be there ____ Tuesday ____  Friday.

I have to see Mr. Smith as soon as possible. It’s ____ our last order.

When did the Director return ___ Moscow ____ his business trip ___ Paris?

V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.

agency         cancel         have changed our minds        orders         pass          several        trip

Good morning, can I speak to Mr. Dunn, please? – I’m afraid he’s away till Friday.  Can I ______  him a message?

What do you do? – I work for a travel ______  .

We began to produce this model last month, but we have already got a lot of _______ from our partners.

He has just returned from business _____ to London.

Are you still going to buy computers from Bond&Co? – No, we ______  after we got their price-list. Their equipment is too expensive.

You didn’t deliver the goods in time. We will have to _______ the contract with you.

Green&Co are going to open __________  new plants in different cities.


UNIT 13

Section A (Grammar reference)

COMPLEX  OBJECT  (СЛОЖНОЕ  ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ)

Конструкция Complex Object (сложное дополнение) состоит из существительного или местоимения в объектном падеже (me , you, him, her, us, them) и инфинитива глагола, который выражает действие, производимое данным лицом или предметом.

На русский язык эта конструкция переводится дополнительным предложением.

 I.  После таких глаголов как want (хотеть),   expect  (ожидать), ask (просить), advise (советовать), recommend (рекомендовать)  и др., а также выражения would like (love)  (хотел бы)  инфинитив употребляется с частицей  to.

Our partners want us to give them a 7 % discount.

Наши партнеры хотят, чтобы мы предоставили им 7 % скидку.

We expected them to arrive at 10.

Мы ожидали, что они приедут в  10.

Would you like your son to become an economist?

Вы хотели бы, чтобы Ваш сын стал экономистом?

                          

 II.  Конструкция Complex Object употребляется также после глаголов физического восприятия и ощущения: to see (видеть), to hear (слышать), to feel (чувствовать), to watch (наблюдать), to notice (замечать).

 1). Инфинитив после данных глаголов употребляется без частицы to  и указывает на факт совершения действия (действие уже закончилось).

I heard  somebody cry.

Я услышал, что кто-то закричал.

He felt somebody enter the room.

Он почувствовал, что кто-то вошел в комнату.

2). Если речь идет о действии в процессе его совершения, вместо инфинитива употребляется Participle I.

She watched the children crossing the street.

Она наблюдала, как дети  переходят улицу.

III. Глаголы    make (заставлять)  и  let (позволять) в структуре сложного дополнения требуют после себя употребления инфинитива без частицы to

Let me carry your bag.

Позвольте, я понесу Вашу сумку.                              

The film made me cry.

Фильм заставил меня всплакнуть.

Если глагол make употребляется в страдательном залоге, то инфинитив, следующий за ним, употребляется с частицей to

 He was made to sign the contract.  Его заставили подписать контракт.

Exercises

I. Составьте предложения, начиная  I want you …/I don’t want you … Do you want me…?

1.  (you must go on business).

2.  (please, don’t sign the contract)

3.  (shall we revise the price?)

4. ( show the machine in operation)

5. (don’t phone the customers tonight)

6.  (you must make an appointment)

II. Закончите предложения для каждой ситуации, используя сложное дополнение.

Can I use your phone? - Of course.  She let……………

I was surprised to meet him. I didn’t expect…………..

I’m busy. Come back in ten minutes. I told…………..

Open your case, please. The customs officer made …….

Don’t stop him doing what he wants. Let …………..

You should buy the new model. She advised………

Lend me some money, please. He asked ………….

Can you introduce me to the manager? I asked………

Study the prices before signing the contract. He wanted  ……

Don’t go there alone. She recommended ….

III. Закончите предложения, используя правильную форму –V ing или инфинитив без  to.

I didn’t see anybody (leave) the office.

I heard the manager (discuss) the terms.

We watched the customers (sign) the contract.

Did anybody see the machine (work)?

I didn’t hear you (come) in.

They listened to the sellers (tell) about the latest models.

We saw the representatives of the company (study) the prices.

I found the secretary (read) the letter.

I heard somebody (slam) the door.

She felt somebody (touch) her on the shoulder.

Section B

Text A

BUSINESS MEETING

On Friday 11th August Paul Harding looked in his diary. He had an appointment at 11 o’clock with Mr. Rawson, the local manager of the General Company for Foreign Trade.

The GCFT was in the City. Its offices were on the fifth, sixth and seventh floors of a very tall building. The enquiry office was on the ground floor. Inside the company building the woman in the enquiry office telephoned Miss Wells, the manager’s secretary. She arrived and accompanied Paul to her room on the fifth floor. Miss Well had an office next to Mr. Rawson’s. As soon as her boss was free, she buzzed him on the intercom. Mr. Rawson immediately asked her to show Paul into the office.

RAWSON

Ah! Mr. Harding. Come in, please. My name is Rawson.

HARDING

How do you do?

RAWSON

How do you do? Please sit down. Did you have a good trip?

HARDING

Yes, thank you. Not at all bad.

RAWSON

Good! Now this morning I want you to meet some of our heads of Department… Miss Wells, ask Mr. Jones to come in here, please.

WELL

I’m afraid Mr. Jones is not available… Mr. Smith is not available either. But Mrs. Collier’s here.

RAWSON

Good. Ask her to come in, please. When were you here last, Mr. Harding?

HARDING

Oh! I was here about six months ago.

RAWSON

Did you meet Mrs. Collier then?

HARDING

No, I didn’t I’m afraid.

RAWSON

Well, she’s my Personal Assistant. You will like her. She’s a very charming lady… Ah, Mrs. Collier.

COLLIER

Please, don’t get up.

RAWSON

I’d like to introduce you a colleague from America. Mrs. Collier, Mr. Harding.

HARDING

How do you do?

COLLIER

How do you do?

Vocabulary

accompany v – сопровождать 

appointment n – встреча, договоренность о встрече

available a – доступный, зд.: свободный, не занятый

arrive v – приезжать, прибывать

building n – здание

buzz n – звонить (по телефону)

City – Сити, деловой центр Лондона

enquiry n – вопрос, запрос

enquiry office – справочное бюро

floor n – этаж 

ground floor – первый этаж

head n – глава 

I’m afraid – Я боюсь..

immediately adv – немедленно 

intercom n – система внутренней связи, переговорное устройство

introduce v – представлять

Personal Assistant – личный помощник

show smb into v – проводить кого-л. куда-л.

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

Who did Paul Harding have an appointment with?

Where were the company’s offices located?

Who accompanied Mr. Harding to the office?

Who did Mr. Rawson want Mr. Harding to meet?

Could Mr. Harding see Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith?

Had Mr. Harding visited GCFT before?

Had he met Mrs. Collier before?

What’s Mrs. Collier’s position in the company?

II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.

Paul Herding is a businessman.

Mr. Harding had an appointment on Saturday.  

The company occupied three floors of a tall building in the City.

A clerk in the enquiry office led Paul to Mr. Rawson’s office.

Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith were out at the moment.

It was Mr. Harding’s first visit to the GCFT.

Mrs. Collier is the head of the Human Resources Department.

III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.

enquiry

ground

head of

local

Personal

Assistant

department

floor

manager

office

IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.

When I came ___ Blake&Co the secretary met me and showed me ___ the directors office.

Mr. Blake is the head ___ the R&D Department.

Did anybody accompany you ___ the plant when you visited Carlton Ltd? – Yes, Mr. Black went there ___ us.

Come ___, Paul. Sit ___, please.

I have an appointment ___ Mr. Stewart ___ 5.30 ___ Friday ____ next week.

V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.

accompany       appointment      available      enquiry office      immediately     introduce     personal assistant       showed… into

I phoned Mr. Thompson to make an _________  with him for next Wednesday.

When I came to GML the secretary _____________ me ___the Director’s office.

Let me _______  myself. I’m John Copeland, Sales Manager of Brown&Co.

Are you _______ for a meeting tomorrow?

I came up to the ________ to find out on which floor Mr. Bond’s office was.

Can we visit your plant? – Yes, we’ll be glad to show it to you. I myself will _______ you there.

When do you need the goods? – We need them __________. Could you deliver the first lot in a week?

Jane is our Director’s ___________. She works as a secretary and helps him to do some of his work.


UNIT 14

Section A (Grammar reference)

GERUND   (ГЕРУНДИЙ)

GERUND  vs. INFINITIVE

Герундий – неличная форма глагола, которая сочетает в себе свойства существительного и глагола.  Герундий образуется прибавлением окончания     -ing к глаголу и выражает название действия.

В русском языке подобной формы нет. На русский язык герундий переводится инфинитивом,  отглагольным существительным  или придаточным предложением.

Запомните следующие глаголы и выражения, после  которых употребляется герундий :

accuse smb of  -

обвинять кого-либо (в чем-либо)

admit  - 

apologise for   -

avoid  -

be good at -

be interested in-

can’t help -

can’t stand -

congratulate smb on-

consider           -

deny  -

enjoy  -

feel like -

give up  -

go on  -

go swimming, etc.-

like

love

imagine -

insist on -

instead of -

it’s worth -

look forward to- 

mind  -

object to -

postpone -

put off  -    

stop                  -

suggest  -

thank smb. for -         

признавать, допускать

извиняться (за что-либо)

избегать

быть способным к

интересоваться, быть заинтересованным

быть не в состоянии удержаться от чего-либо (не могу не ….)

не выдерживать, не выносить (терпеть не могу)

поздравлять

рассматривать

отрицать, отказываться

получать удовольствие, наслаждаться

хотеть, испытывать желание

бросить, отказаться

продолжать

заниматься плаванием, и т.п.

любить

любить

представлять

настаивать на

вместо; вместо того, чтобы

стоит

с нетерпением ждать

иметь что-либо против, возражать

возражать

откладывать

откладывать

прекращать, перестать

предлагать

благодарить кого-либо за что-либо

Например:

This book is worth reading.

Эту книгу стоит прочитать.

Do you mind my smoking here?

Вы не возражаете, если я здесь закурю?

Every time I see her I can’t help smiling.

Каждый раз, когда я ее вижу, не могу не улыбнуться.

We are looking forward to meeting you in Moscow.

C нетерпением ждем встречи с Вами в Москве.

I don’t feel like going to the cinema today.

У меня нет желания идти в кино сегодня.

 

После следующих глаголов употребляется не герундий, а  инфинитив:

agree  

соглашаться

arrange

decide 

expect

fail

forget

hope

manage

need

offer 

plan

promise

refuse

seem

want

would like

договариваться, устроить

решать

ожидать

не удаваться

забывать

надеяться

справляться

нуждаться

предлагать

планировать

обещать

отказывать

казаться

хотеть

хотелось бы

Например:

They decided to take part in this project.

Они решили принять участие в этом проекте.

Mr. Smith will agree to give us a discount if we increase our order.

Мистер Смит согласится дать нам скидку, если мы увеличим заказ.

           Обратите внимание на различие в значениях действий, выраженных герундием и инфинитивом после глагола to stop.

Stop + Gerund  выражает прекращение действия:

When he saw his parents he stopped smoking. Когда он увидел своих родителей, он перестал курить.

Stop + Infinitive выражает цель действия:

Before entering the building, he  stopped to smoke. Прежде, чем войти в здание, он остановился покурить.

Exercises

I. Поставьте глаголы в правильную форму  to V … или V - ing

  1.  I enjoy (visit) other countries.
  2.  What do you want (do) on the business trip?
  3.  Good buy! I hope (see) you soon.
  4.  Have you finished (work) on the computer?
  5.  I suggest (study) the demand for the goods.
  6.  Where is the secretary? She promised (be) here on time.
  7.  I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind (wait).
  8.  What have you decided (buy)?
  9.  The sellers refused (revise) the price.
  10.  Where is the manager? I need (ask) him something.
  11.  We started (produce) this model last year.
  12.  I’m trying (work). Please, stop (talk).
  13.  On (arrive) at the airport he checked in.
  14.  He is arriving in Moscow (sign) the contract.
  15.  Don’t forget (lock) the office.

II. Закончите предложения используя V–ing  или  to V. Используйте один из глаголов.

see   watch       help       walk    make    meet         wait      rain       go   call

I’m surprised that you are here. I didn’t’t expect …. you.

Shall we get a taxi to the office? – But it’s not far. I don’t mind …

The secretary has a lot to do, so I offered …. her.

What are you doing in the evening? Would you like …. to the  restaurant with me?

When I’m tired in the evening, I like … television.

I offer … a taxi for you.

Shall we go now? – No, I’d prefer … a few minutes.

I ‘m not going out until it stops …

We are looking forward to … you in Moscow.

I suggest … an appointment at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

III.   Закончите ответы на вопросы.

Do you usually get up early?  - Yes, I like…

Do you often travel? – Yes, I enjoy…

Have you ever been to London? No, but I’d love  ……

Do you eat at home or go to the restaurant? I don’t mind … a restaurant but I’d prefer …. home.

Do you ever go to the cinema? –Yes, I love …

Do you often write letters? -No, I don’t like …

Did you enjoy the flight?  –Yes, I always enjoy ….

Section B

Text  A

VINOS VELASQUEZ

Calle

Obregón 15

28020 Madrid

A. Sandbach

Top Up Wines

High Wycombe

Bucks.

UK

Dear Mr. Sandbach

Thank you for your letter of 12 June in which you stated that, following the visit of your chief buyer Mr. Lindfield, you are considering placing an order for our Sauvignon Blanc table wine.

We can arrange to supply you with an initial order of 1,000 cases, and I enclose our current trade price list, which I believe you will find very competitive. If you decide to go ahead with the order, we will agree to give you a 14% discount you mentioned and details are enclosed. Please note that we guarantee delivering firm orders within four weeks.

You mentioned that you wanted to market the wine under your own brand name, which will involve changing the labels. I would suggest getting the labels printed here because it is probably not worth having them printed in the UK and then sending them here. I have contacted our personal printer for a quotation and I hope to be able to send you a firm price.

Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any further queries. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours sincerely

                                  A. Velasquez

Alfonso Velasquez

Vocabulary

agree v– соглашаться 

be worth doing smth

buyer n – покупатель, закупщик 

chief a – главный

competitive a – конкурентоспособный

consider v – рассматривать, обсуждать

current a – текущий 

current trade price list – каталог текущих оптовых цен

enclose v – прилагать 

enclose with the letter – прилагать к письму

firm n – твердый

firm order – твердый заказ

following a – следующий 

further a – дальнейший 

go ahead v – продолжать

guarantee v – гарантировать

hesitate v – сомневаться, не решаться

initial a – начальный, первоначальный, первый

involve v – вызывать, влечь за собой

label n – ярлык, этикетка

market v – продавать

mention v – упоминать

note v – замечать, обращать внимание

price list n – прайс-лист, прейскурант

query n – вопрос, сомнение

quotation n – котировка, расценка

state v – сообщать, заявлять

suggest v – предлагать

supply v – поставлять

within prep– в течение, не позднее

worth a – стóящий

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

Who is the letter written by?

Who is it addressed to?

What did Mr. Sandbach say in his letter of 12 June?

How big is Mr. Sandbach’s initial order?

What is enclosed with the letter?

Can Mr. Velasquez offer his customer a discount?

What guarantees does Mr. Velasquez give?

Why will Top Up Wines have to change the labels?

Where will the labels be printed?

Who has Mr. Velasquez contacted about the matter of labels?

II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.

Alfonso Velasquez is the Managing Director of Vinos Velasquez, a Spanish company.

Mr. Sandbach works for a French firm called Top Up Wines.

Top Up Wines is going to sell some wine to Vinos Velasquez.

The first order of one thousand cases can be delivered within a month.

Mr. Velasquez can offer a discount to Top Up Wines if they place more orders with Vinos Velasquez.

Mr. Velasquez enclosed their price list with the letter.

If Top UP Vines sell the wine in Britain, they will have to change the labels.

Mr. Velasquez suggests that the labels should be printed in Britain.

III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.

brand

chief

current

firm

further

initial

look forward

to arrange

buyer

order

price list

name

price

queries

to hearing

supplying

IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.

Thank you ___ you letter ___ May 21st.

We are considering ___ placing an order ___ your company ____ 60 machines.

I’m afraid we cannot supply you ___ 5 computers ____ January.

We look ___ ___ seeing you.

We can guarantee delivery ___ the goods ___ two weeks.

If you go ___ ___ buying

____ what brand name are you going to sell the product?

You can always contact ___ Mr. Smith ___ further details.

V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.

competitive       enclose      guarantee       market       quotations      states      suggest      supply          worth

We’ll be able to place an order with your company, if you offer _______  prices.

We ______  with the letter some brochures and pricelists.

In his letter Mr. White ______ that our machines don’t meet their requirements.

We can _______ high quality of our goods.

I________ looking through the contract very carefully before we sign it.

If you _______ your goods abroad, you’ll face a lot of competition.

Could we have your catalogues and _________?

We can _______ the goods from our main store.

Do you think this offer is ________ considering?


УПРАЖНЕНИЯ   ДЛЯ  САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ  РАБОТЫ

Упражнение  №  1

Ответьте на вопросы, используя страдательный залог. Употребите слова, данные в скобках.

  1.  Where are the catalogues usually sent? (to our customers).
  2.  When was the personnel trained? (6 months ago).
  3.  When will the retailers be phoned? (next week).
  4.  Why was e-business expanded so soon? (profitable)
  5.  Who is constantly reported to if any problems arise? (the Human Resources Department)
  6.  When will the prices be reduced? (at the end of the year)
  7.  When was the matter taken up? (yesterday)
  8.  What terms were accepted? (FOB terms)
  9.  Whose engineers are more qualified? (Sony’s)
  10.  Why wasn’t the 1st lot dispatched in November? (because of weather conditions)

Упражнение  № 2

Скажите, что действие, выраженное глаголом, стоящим  в  скобках,  произошло  раньше         

(Past  Perfect), чем  действие  в данном  вам  предложении  (Past  Simple) .

Следуйте  образцу: … , then  called  Brown  &  Co.(  She , study  quotations )

She  had  studied  quotations , then  called  Brown  & Co.

  1.  … , then  went  on  business to  London . (He, get  the  instructions )
  2.  …, then  delivered  our  goods .(We,  sign  the  contract )
  3.  …, then  sent  their  offer  for  compressions . ( They , received our  enquiry )
  4.  …, then agreed  to  give  us  a  2 %  discount .( The  sales  manager  , clarify  the  terms )
  5.  …, then  made  an  appointment  with  Mr  Dunn . ( He , come  back  from  the  meeting )
  6.  …, then  switched  off  the  computer .( She,   reserve  the  accommodation )
  7.  …, then  they  started  deliveries .( We, guarantee payment  for  collection )
  8.  …, then  left  the  office .( The  engineer  , check  the  documents )
  9.  …, then  the  customers  arrived .( The  managers  , clarify  some  business  matters )
  10.  …,then  agreed  to  place  a  larger  order . ( The  market  manager , study  the  price  list )

Упражнение  №  3  

Передайте нижеследующие  просьбы, приказы, вопросы  и утверждения   в  косвенной

речи

  1.  The  manager  told  the  secretary , “Phone  the  subsidiary   at  once “.
  2.   The  customers  asked  the  Sellers , “ Please,  do  not  delay  the  goods “.
  3.  The  Buyers  insisted ,”  We  have  made  all  the  calculations .”
  4.  The  economists  said  ,” Your  discount  is  too small  for  such  a  big  order .”
  5.  They  asked  the  Sellers ,” Who  will show  the  engineers  round  the  test  shop ?”
  6.  The  Sellers  asked  the  Buyers ,” When  do  you  require  the  goods ?”
  7.  The  manager  asked  his  team  ,” Why  didn’t  you  asked  for  a  discount ?”
  8.  Mr  Strong  asked  the  managers ,” Have  you  arranged  your   visit  to  the  plant  next  Monday ?”
  9.  Mr  Blake  stated ,” This  model  is  easy  in  operation .”
  10.  She  said ,” I  have  finished  the  test  , so  I  am  leaving  tomorrow .”

Упражнение  №  4

Перепишите  следующие  предложения, употребляя конструкцию «сложное  дополнение» (Complex  Object )  вместо  придаточных  дополнительных  предложений.

Следуйте  образцу:   I  didn’t  expect  that  she  would  forget  to  call  the  partners.   ---I  didn’t  expect   her  to  forget  to  call  the  partners .

1. The  Research  &  Development   Department  expects  that  the  economists  will  make  calculations  as  soon  as  possible .

2. The  Director  wants that  the  trainees  will  do  the  computer  course  in  May.

3. Did  you  see  that  he  was  looking  through  enquiries ?

4. The  board  expects   that  you   will  cancel  the  meeting .

5. We   watch how  the  inspectors  are  testing  the  equipment .

6. She  advised  me  that  I  shouldn’t  change  my  mind  and  accept  the  offer.

7. The  secretary  noticed  that  the  engineers  entered  their  office  on  the  first  floor .

8. The  chief  manager wanted  that  his  personal   assistant   would    reserve  3  tickets  for  a  non-stop  train .

9. Have  you  seen  that  he  filled  the  form ?

10. I  heard  that  he  mentioned   the  organization  structure  of  that  company .

Упражнение  №  5

Откройте  скобки, выберите  правильную  форму  глагола  (to +  Infinitive   или  Gerund )

  1.  The  partners  accused  us  of  ( to  break / breaking  )  the  contract .
  2.  They  are  interested  in  (  placing / to  place  ) some  orders  with  Sony .
  3.  His  team  is  very  good  at  (  to  sell /  selling  )  goods .
  4.  The  company  apologized  for  not  (  shipping  / to  ship )  the  goods  in  time .
  5.  We  managed  (  to  put  / putting  )  the equipment  into  operation .
  6.  Have  you  enjoyed  (  to  do  / doing  )  business  with  this  company ?
  7.  Her  personal  assistant  refuses  (  answering  /  to  answer  )  our  questions .
  8.  Mrs  White  denies  (  to  give  / giving  )  them  a  message .
  9.  You  really  need  (  to  take  care  /  taking  care  ) of  yourself .
  10.  Did  they  insist  on  (  signing  / to  sign  ) the  contract  immediately ?

Упражнение  №  6  

Выполните  упражнение,  выбрав  правильный  вариант

1. Our partners were pleased as the goods… without any delay.

a) were dispatched b) was dispatched c) will be dispatched

2. The mail … every morning.

a) is delivered b) delivered c) is delivering

3. … she send the order last week? -Yes, the order … last week.

a) is, will be sent b) did, was sent    c) was, is sent

4. Their staff … better than ours.

a) to train                 b) is trained                   c) training

5. When … they check the equipment ? – It … in an hour .

a) are , was checked   b) will, will be checked   c) were , is checked  

6. Voronin  stressed  that  it … their  usual  price .

a)  is                                             b)  were                                      c) was

7. He  asked  the  advertising  manager  if  he  ever  … part  in  specialized  exhibitions .

a)  had  taken                                b)  took                                       c) taking

8. Yesterday  we  … the  calculations  by  the  beginning  of  the  talks .

a) were  making                            b) made                                      c) had  made

9. The  secretary  …  the  report  before  the  director’s  arrival.

a) had  prepared                             b) is  preparing                          c) prepares

10. I  didn’t  want  her  … the   project .

a)  setting  up                                  b) was setting up                      c) to set up

11. She  … the  mail , then  … the  customers .

a) sort  out , called                         b) had sorted out , call               c) had sorted out, called

12. They  seem … a  reliable  company .

a)  to  be                                         b) beeng                                     c) are

13. Mr  Petrov  heard  the  inspectors  … the  tests .

a) discussing                                   b) to discuss                              c) discussed

14. The  management  would  like  the  personnel  … responsible .

a)  to  be                                          b) were                                      c) have  been

15. We   are  looking  forward  to … from  you .

a) hear                                              b) heard                                    c) hearing

16. Did  the  Buyers   promise  … by  a  letter  of  credit ?

a) paying                                         b) to pay                                   c) pay

17. The  financial  manager stopped…  the matter and phoned the supplier.

a) to discuss                                    b) discussing                              c) discussed

18. The  marketing  manager  told  the  customers  that  their  new  model  … a great  success.

a) is                                                  b) being                                   c) had  been

19. … you  …     the  talks  by  6  o’ clock yesterday ?

a) had  completed                                b) have  completed                  c) did  complete

20. He  saw  the  staff  … on  their  computers .

a)  worked                                            b) to work                                c) working


КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №3

Для успешного  выполнения  контрольной работы вам необходимо проработать следующие  разделы  грамматики:

  1.  Passive Voice
    1.  Past Perfect.
    2.  Согласование времен в косвенной речи
    3.  Complex Object.
    4.  Gerund vs.Infinitive.

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, используя глагол  в Passive voice

  1.  We (invite) to the presentation but we didn’t go.
  2.  This exhibition is very popular. Every year it (visit) by thousands of people.
  3.  A new manufacturing plant  (build)  next year.
  4.  - Where is the printer?     - It (repair) tomorrow.
  5.  - Shall I send the fax?     - No, you needn’t. It (send) two hours ago.
  6.  Many buildings (damage) in the fire last week.
  7.  It is a famous company, but in a few years its brand name (forget).
  8.  This is a bicycle factory. It (build) in 1958.
  9.  My bag (steal) from my car yesterday.
  10.  Computers (used) by millions of people every day.

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильную форму глагола  в Passive  или  Active  voice

  1.  The information will send/ will be sent to you as soon as possible.
  2.  A new built/was built  last year.
  3.  We quoted/were quoted  the prices last week.
  4.  Who invented/was invented this new model of computer?
  5.  He didn’t do his job properly and sacked/was sacked.
  6.  Is this model still for sale? No, it sold/was sold two months ago.
  7.  Who made/was made  an appointment with Mr.Brown?
  8.  Every time I travel by plane, my flight delays/is delayed.
  9.  I can’t give you the documents.  They lost/were lost yesterday.
  10.  Tom will get a higher salary soon, he will promote/will be promoted.

Упражнение III. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

  1.  We can sign the contract tomorrow. We (have discussed/ had discussed) all the terms.
  2.  I phone the office at 5.30, but the secretary (left/ has left) already.
  3.  We decided to place an order for copiers with Wilson&Co. We (had never bought/ have never bought) any equipment from them before.
  4.  The production manager said they (modified/ had modified) their machines the previous year.
  5.  Why (didn’t you go/ hadn’t you gone) to the meeting yesterday? – You see, I (wasn’t finishing/ hadn’t finished) the talks by that time.
  6.  Mr. Major decided to visit their partners’ manufacturing plant. He (never was/ had never been) there.
  7.  Before Mr. Johansson went on business to Paris, he (was discussing/ had discussed) some business matters with the Managing Director.
  8.  The manager (answered/ had answered) all the urgent messages by 5.30 yesterday.
  9.  We couldn’t give him the job because he (hadn’t worked/ wasn’t working) in marketing before.
  10.  By the time I entered the hall, the presentation (started/ had started).

Упражнение IV. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в Past Simple или Past Perfect.

  1.  The manager (be) very angry yesterday, because the secretary (forget) to phone Brown&Co.
  2.  By 6 p.m. yesterday I (make) several appointments with foreign businessmen.
  3.  I (come) at 7, but they (finish) the work by that time.
  4.  The customer (see) the new equipment at the plant before he (order) it from us.
  5.  We (expect) him to be an experienced programmer, as he (work) for Microsoft for 10 years.
  6.  You (have) a hard day yesterday? – Yes, by the time you (come) I already (check) all the documents.
  7.  Last week we (learn) Carston Ltd (not/ place) an order with us.
  8.  Mr. Stanley and Ms. Rodriguez (begin) to discuss the terms of delivery only after they (discuss) the price of the goods.
  9.  Last month we (place) an order with Brown&Co, with whom we never (do) business before.
  10.  Last week I phoned Mr. Warner to say we already (send) the second lot.

Упражнение V. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

  1.  Mr. Black asks if I (have signed/ had signed) the contract.
  2.  These computers are made in Taiwan. – I thought they (are/ were) American.
  3.  My boss needs more time to do the report. – I thought he (finishes/ had finished) it.
  4.  Mr. Bell asked us what discount (we could give/ could we give) him.
  5.  We expected that model (will be/ would be) very popular on the market the following year.
  6.  The office manager asked why we (send/ had sent) the enquiry to Blake&Co so late.
  7.  I couldn’t find Mr. Arnoux, so I asked his secretary (where she was/ where was she).
  8.  The secretary said she (must/ had to) come to work at 6.30.
  9.  The director asked his secretary (not to receive/ didn’t receive) any visitors.
  10.  The Prime Minister says that the unemployment (is falling/ was falling) this year.

Упражнение VI. Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.

  1.  They  told us: “We are ready to discuss the contract with you.”
  2.  The secretary explained: “The President left the office two hours ago.”
  3.  The letter said: “The customer will place a big order with your firm.”
  4.  She asked: “Will you send him this information?”
  5.  He said to me: “I’m afraid, I can’t come to the meeting.”
  6.  I asked the secretary: “When did you send the offer to Black&Co?”
  7.  The manager asked me: “What do you think of the new equipment of the British firm?”
  8.  The sales manager asked me: “Have you shown the visitors round the factory yet?”
  9.  Ms. Smith asked me: “Do you know anyone in Marketing Department?”
  10.  Mr. Jackson asked the secretary: “Give this message to Mr. Dupont, please.”

Упражнение VII. Выберите правильную форму.

  1.  I’d like the secretary (to do/ do) this job as soon as possible.
  2.  The Sellers want the Buyers (increase/ to increase) the order if a discount is given.
  3.  What products do you expect the company (to introduce/ introducing) to the market?
  4.  We wanted the manager (gave/ to give) us instructions for the future talks.
  5.  I heard the businessmen (to discuss/ discussing) the price.
  6.  Let us (get/ to get) down to business.
  7.  We want (they/ them) to study the contract carefully.
  8.  The director made Mr. Brown (meet/ to meet) an important client on Sunday.
  9.  We would like you (to enclose/ enclosing) current price-list with your letter.
  10.  Mr. Washington is coming tomorrow. We expect (he/ him) to bring new catalogues.

Упражнение VIII. Перепишите предложения, используя Complex Object.

  1.  The boss told me: “Don’t forget to send the order to Archer&Sons.”  – The boss reminded ….
  2.  The manager told Mr. Collins: “Would you finish the report as soon as possible, please?”  –  The manager asked…
  3.  Mr. King told his secretary: “You can leave early if you like.”  – Mr. King allowed…
  4.  We had to work hard on the training course.  – They made….
  5.  The staff may have a break every hour. – The boss lets…
  6.  The demand is falling. The plant has to reduce its production. – The fall in demand has forced…
  7.  He was talking to someone on the phone. I heard him. –  I heard …
  8.  I saw Mr. Jenkins. He was waiting for the Sales Manager. –  I saw …
  9.  I want to introduce to you the new head of the Research and Development Department. –  Let …
  10.  Mr. Wilson arrived yesterday. I saw him. –  I saw…

Упражнение IX. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

  1.  She dislikes (to be told/ being told) how to run the department.
  2.  We look forward to (establish/ establishing) business relations with your company.
  3.  She hopes (to be sent/ being sent) to our Paris office when it opens next year.
  4.  The Sellers agreed (to deliver/ delivered) the first lot of goods in September.
  5.  We are ready (to sign/ signing) the contract if you reduce the price by 3%.
  6.  They suggested (to discuss/ discussing) the terms of the credit agreement.
  7.  I phoned Mr. Taylor after (to send/ sending) him an e-mail message.
  8.  At out last meeting in September we discussed the possibility of (adapting/ to adapt) this system to your company’s requirements.
  9.  They promised (placing/ to place) some new orders with our company next year.
  10.  Kerr&Co would like (to modify/ modifying) their old model.

Упражнение X. Раскройте скобки, употребив герундий или инфинитив.

  1.  We expect great difficulties in (deliver) the last lot of goods.
  2.  They insist on (discuss) this matter at the next meeting
  3.  The Seller guarantees (correct) all the defects within a week.
  4.  I look forward to (see) you on Friday.
  5.  We were not satisfied with the service they provided, so we refused (pay) them.
  6.  Try to ask Mrs. Jenkins for help. She usually doesn’t mind (deal) with difficult customers.
  7.  When she finished (speak) she asked if anyone had any questions.
  8.  Our profits are up this year, so I expect my boss (give) me a pay rise.
  9.  Would you mind (ring) me back later today?
  10.  Our British partners agreed (offer) us a 6% discount if we increased our order.

Упражнение XI. Перепишите предложения, подставив в пропуски слова из приведенного ниже списка.

advert         agree         appointment         cancel         competitive         consider         enclose         further         immediately          supply

  1.  The Director was ill yesterday and had to __________ the meeting.
  2.  How did you learn about our company? – I saw an ___________ in a business journal.
  3.  We have discussed the price and the method of payment. Can we__________ the matter of delivery now?
  4.  With the letter we ___________ our latest catalogue and the price-list.
  5.  Do our terms suit you? – I’m afraid we can’t ___________ to your price. It’s too high.
  6.  I have an ____________ with Mr. Tanaka for Monday at 5 p.m.
  7.  Offer the latest models of our equipment of high quality at ___________ prices.
  8.  Could you deliver the goods __________? – I’m afraid we have too many orders now and can dispatch the first lot only in May.
  9.  Bronson&Co have been our partners for 30 years and we hope for __________ cooperation with them.
  10.  Please let us know if you can __________ us with 20 computers.

Упражнение XII. Письменно переведите следующий текст.

Mr. Brown is a successful American businessman. He has been in business for about fifteen years. His company produces good equipment. The equipment sells well in his own country. But three years ago he realized he needed more customers. He wanted foreign firms to buy his equipment. He began looking for new customers in foreign markets.

After his company had entered some European markets, Mr. Brown decided to go to Russia to study the possibility to supply his goods to Russian companies.

Mr. Brown believed that one of the best preparations for a trip was reading about the country to which he was going. He learnt a lot about Russian economy, the country’s trade, its main suppliers, etc.

Before leaving for Russia he contacted the commercial representative of his country in Russia to get some information about the market and import duties. He also wondered if there were any changes in Russian business law.

His secretary booked a ticket, accommodation, and made some business appointments for her boss.

Упражнение XIII. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

  1.  Where is Mr. Brown from?
  2.  Is he an experienced businessman?
  3.  What does his company produce?
  4.  When did Mr. Brown realize that he needed new customers?
  5.  Where did he want to sell his equipment?
  6.  Why did he decide to go to Russia?
  7.  What did Mr. Brown read about before his visit to Russia?
  8.  Who did he contact before the trip?
  9.  What information did Mr. Brown get from him?
  10.  How did his secretary help him to get prepared for the trip?

PAGE  5


Board

anaging Director

Export Sales Department

Rossomon France

Rossomon Germany

Rossomon Japan

Human Resources  Department

Management Services Department

5 Regional Managers

Finance department

Research & Development Department

North

South

East

West

Central




1. Место и роль Федерального Собрания в системе органов государственной власти РФ
2. либо образом без предварительного письменного согласия издателя.
3. 1084 v. 37 p. 3637 v
4. Регіональний розвиток центрально-українського економічного району1
5. С детских лет Спиридон пас овец чистой и богоугодной жизнью подражал ветхозаветным праведникам Давиду в
6. Чувственное и рациональное познание их формы
7. Место обязательственного права в системе гражданского права
8. Центр Ветеринарная клиника
9. Экологическая доктрина России и гражданское общество
10. задание которое должны выполнить так будто это две руки одного человека

Материалы собраны группой SamZan и находятся в свободном доступе