У вас вопросы?
У нас ответы:) SamZan.net

Пояснительная записка2

Работа добавлена на сайт samzan.net:

Поможем написать учебную работу

Если у вас возникли сложности с курсовой, контрольной, дипломной, рефератом, отчетом по практике, научно-исследовательской и любой другой работой - мы готовы помочь.

Предоплата всего

от 25%

Подписываем

договор

Выберите тип работы:

Скидка 25% при заказе до 28.12.2024

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ  АГЕНТСТВО  ПО  ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ

РОССИЙСКИЙ  ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ

ТОРГОВО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ  УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

Кафедра английского языка

Авторы составители:

Закарян А.А.

Лопатинская  В.В.

Сентюрина Л.В.

Фролова О.А.

УЧЕБНОЕ  ПОСОБИЕ

ПО  АНГЛИЙСКОМУ  ЯЗЫКУ

для студентов заочной формы обучения

Москва 2010


Пояснительная записка.

Данное пособие предназначено для студентов заочной формы обучения. Дисциплина «Английский язык» входит в учебный план заочного обучения на 1 и 2 курсе. Владение иностранным языком является обязательным компонентом профессиональной подготовки современного специалиста любого профиля. За два года обучения  студенты должны овладеть лексико-грамматическим минимумом по профессионально-ориентированному английскому языку в соответствии с Государственным нормативом. По завершении срока обучения студент должен понимать английскую речь при чтении, аудировании, а также высказываться устно и письменно с соблюдением языковой нормы в пределах тематики программы, изложенной в учебно-тематических планах кафедры.

Пособие включает материал, подлежащий усвоению в течение               3-х семестров (40 аудиторных часов и  300  часов самостоятельной работы). Учебное пособие состоит из 14 лексико-грамматических разделов (Unit). Все разделы структурированы по единой схеме и состоят из  краткого грамматического справочника на русском языке по определенной грамматической теме; ряда упражнений для закрепления данной грамматической темы; аутентичных текстов по общеэкономической специальности для ознакомительного и/или изучающего чтения, сопровождаемые англо-русским словарем специальных и общих терминов, а также послетекстовых лексических упражнений, которые направлены на контроль понимания  содержания текстов, активизации и формирование иноязычной коммуникативной компетентности студентов. Кроме того, в пособии представлен блок упражнений по грамматике для самостоятельной работы студентов. Для промежуточного контроля усвоения курса в настоящем пособии даны три контрольные работы ( по одной в  каждом семестре).

Поскольку для студентов заочной формы обучения рабочим планом по дисциплине «Английский язык» предусмотрено лишь 40 час. аудиторных занятий за первые три семестра обучения, то большую роль в получении  программных навыков владения иностранным языком  играет самодисциплина и упорный, систематический труд. 

 


СЕМЕСТР 1


Unit 1

SECTION A  GRAMMAR REFERENCE

The  Present  Simple Tense (Простое настоящее время)

В английском языке глагол имеет четыре основные формы:

  •  инфинитив  -  The Infinitive  является основной формой глагола. Отличительной чертой инфинитив является употребление глагола с частицей to, например: to study, to read;
  •  форма простого прошедшего времени  -  The  Simple Past Tense;
  •  причастие прошедшего времени (причастие II)  -  Past Participle или Participle II;
  •  причастие настоящего времени (причастие I)  - Present Participle или Participle I.

Утвердительная форма глагола в Present Simple для всех лиц, кроме 3-го лица единственного числа, совпадает с формой инфинитива без частицы to.

I, WE, YOU, THEY

work.

HE, SHE, IT

works.

 

В 3-ем лице единственного числа глагол принимает окончание  -s (-es), которое читается:

[z] – после звонких согласных и гласных: read – reads, stay – stays;

[s] – после глухих согласных: meet – meets;

[iz] – после шипящих и свистящих согласных: dress – dresses.

Особенности правописания окончания  -s

1.  Если глагол оканчивается на – o, то в 3-ем лице единственного числа к нему прибавляется окончание – es, которое читается как [z]: to go – he goes, to do – he does.

2.  Если глагол оканчивается на -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, то в 3-ем лице единственного числа к нему прибавляется окончание –es, которое читается как [iz]: to finish – he finishes, to catch – he catches, to relax – he relaxes.

3.  Если глагол оканчивается на – y с предшествующей согласной, в 3-ем лице единственного числа –y меняется на -i  и прибавляется окончание –es,:         to study – he studies.

Если же букве – y  предшествует гласная, то  буква y – не меняется: to play – he plays.

Вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола  to do в соответствующей форме (do, does) и инфинитива смыслового глагола без частицы to. Вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим. В разговорной речи обычно употребляются сокращенные формы.

Вопросительная форма     Краткие ответы

Do

I

WE

YOU THEY

work?

- Yes,  they do.

- No,  they don’t.

Does

HE

SHE

IT

work?

- Yes, he does.

- No,  he doesn’t.

Отрицательная форма

I, WE, YOU, THEY  

do not (don’t)

work.

HE, SHE, IT

does not (doesn’t)

work.

 Present  Simple  употребляется для выражения обычного или  регулярно совершаемого действия в настоящем времени, констатации факта, универсальных истин.

My friends live in Briton.  Мои друзья живут в Брайтоне.

It often rains in autumn.   Осенью часто идут дожди.

He plays golf every Sunday.  Каждое воскресенье он играет в гольф.

Magnet attracts iron.   Магнит притягивает железо.

The planets go round the sun.  Планеты вращаются вокруг солнца.

Present Simple употребляется с наречиями неопределенного времени: often (часто), usually (обычно), seldom (редко), sometimes (иногда), always (всегда), never (никогда), которые стоят перед смысловым глаголом, но после глагола to be, например:

They usually get up at 8 o’clock.

He is never late for his classes.

Также возможно употребление словосочетаний every day (week, year,…), in the morning (evening,…), on Sundays (Mondays,…), которые могут стоять в начале или в конце предложения, например:

He reads newspapers every day.  

Every Sunday Kate visits her parents.

Спряжение глагола  to have.

Утвердительная форма

I, WE, YOU, THEY

have a car.

HE, SHE, IT

has   a car.

Вопросительная форма       Краткие ответы

Do

I, WE, YOU, THEY

have  a car?

- Yes, I do / - No, I don’t

Does

HE, SHE, IT

have  a car?

- Yes, he does / - No, he doesn’t

Отрицательная форма

I, WE, YOU, THEY

do not (don’t)

have

a car?

HE, SHE, IT

does not (doesn’t)

have

a car?            

 

Обратите внимание на употребление устойчивых сочетаний с глаголом have:

have breakfast ( lunch, dinner, a cup of tea, …)

 have a bath ( a shower, a swim, a break, a rest, a party, a holiday, …)

have a conversation (a discussion with somebody, …)

have difficulty (fun, a good time, …), etc.

При употреблении данных устойчивых сочетаний в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях употребляется вспомогательный глагол do.

 Do you have a shower in the morning?

He doesn’t usually have a big breakfast.

В отличие от глагола have, оборот have got образует вопросительные и отрицательные предложения без вспомогательного глагола do.

Спряжение глагола to  be  в Present Simple.

Утвердительная форма

I am a  manager.    We are  managers.

You are a  manager.   You are  managers.

He (she) is a  manager.   They are managers.

It is a tiger.     They are tigers.

Вопросительная форма 

Am I a manager?    Are we  managers?

Are you a manager?   Are you  managers?

Is he (she) a manager?   Are they managers?

Is it a tiger?     Are they tigers?

Отрицательная форма

I am not (I’m not) a manager.   We are not (aren’t)  managers.

You are not (aren’t) a manager.  You are not (aren’t)  managers.

He/she is not (isn’t) a manager.  They are not (aren’t)  managers.

It is not (isn’t) a tiger.    They are not (aren’t)  tigers.

Спряжение оборота have got

Утвердительная форма

I have (I’ve) got a big family.

You have (you’ve) got a big family.

He/she has (he’s) got a big family.

We have (we’ve) got a big family.

They have (they’ve) got a big family.

Вопросительная форма      Краткие ответы

Have

I, WE, YOU, THEY

got a big family?

- Yes, I have / - No I haven’t

Has

HE, SHE

got a big family?

- Yes, he has / - No he hasn’t -

Отрицательная форма

I, WE, YOU, THEY

haven’t got a big family.

HE, SHE

hasn’t got a big family.

СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ.

Специальные вопросы – это вопросы к отдельным членам предложения. Специальные вопросы начинаются с вопросительных слов  who? (кто?) what? (что? какой?), which? (который?),  whose? (чей?),  when? (когда?), where? (где?, куда?), why? (почему?), how? (как?), how many? how much? (сколько?),  how long? (как долго?, сколько времени?) и др.

Порядок слов в повествовательном предложении:

подлежащее – сказуемое – дополнение – обстоятельство

Порядок слов в специальных вопросах, относящихся к второстепенным членам предложения:

вопросительное слово – вспомогательный глагол – подлежащее - смысловой глагол – второстепенные члены предложения.

Например:

When

do

they

have

lunch?

Who(m)

do

you

play

tennis with?

What books

does

your son

like

to read?

How many apples

does

she

eat

a day?

Whose songs

do

you

prefer

to sing?

В специальных вопросах  с  to be  и  have got  вспомогательный глагол не употребляется. Например:

Where is your cousin now?

How many mobile phones have you got?

 В вопросах к подлежащему или его определению вспомогательный глагол отсутствует, а смысловой глагол употребляется в 3-ем лице единственного числа. На вопросы, относящиеся к подлежащему, обычно дается краткий ответ.

Он состоит из подлежащего и соответствующей формы вспомогательного глагола или глаголов  to be/to have.

Who

is

the manager of Brown &Co?

- Mr. Smith is.       - I am.

Who

has got

a large house near London?

- Mr. Brown has.   - We have.

Who

speaks

English fluently?

- My friend Boris does.

Who

plays

the piano?

- My children do.       - I do.   

Whose bag

is

on the table?

- Mine.

How many students

leave

for London?

- Seven.

 Вопрос к сказуемому:  

What

does

he

do

on Sundays?

What

do

you

do

after your classes?

Альтернативные  вопросы

Альтернативный вопрос – это вопрос, предполагающий в ответе выбор между двумя или более предметами, действиями или качествами, выраженными однородными членами предложения, соединенными союзом or (или).

Порядок слов в альтернативном вопросе такой же, как и в общем вопросе.

Is your family big or small?

- It is small.

Are you an economist or a lawyer?

- I am a lawyer.

Does Tom speak German or French?

- He speaks French.

Do they live in London or in Brighton?

- They live in Brighton.

Разделительные  вопросы

Разделительные вопросы употребляются, когда говорящий ожидает от собеседника подтверждения высказанной мысли. Они состоят из двух частей: утвердительного или отрицательного предложения и краткого вопроса. На русский язык вторая (вопросительная) часть  разделительного вопроса может быть переведена выражениями «не правда ли?», «не так ли?» или усилительной частицей «ведь» в составе вопросительного предложения.

It is difficult, isn’t it?     Это сложно, не так ли?

You are a manager, aren’t you?   Вы менеджер, не правда ли?

He hasn’t got a car, has he?    У него ведь нет машины?

They don’t leave the office at 5.30, do they? Они ведь не работают сверхурочно?

Exercises

I. Поставьте нужную форму глагола to be ( Present Simple).

1. I …  a company manager.

2. It …  a new model.

3. You  … a  good economist.

4. He… on business in London.

5. These …  our computers.

6. We …  business partners.

7. This  … our office.

8. Jane .. a secretary.

9. They … new clients.

10. You .. always on time.

II. Вставьте  am/am not, is/isn’t, are/aren't.

1. … he a business partner? No, he … . He … a client.

2.  It … 10 o’clock. You ..  late again.

3.  …. you busy now? No,  I ….

4.  … I right? Yes, you … .

5. It … public holiday. The shops … open today.

6. Our clients  …  from Italy. They …  from France.

7. Rome … in Spain. It … in Italy.

8. … the manager in? No, he … out.

9. We … interested in your products. Your price … too high.

10. It … a good offer but I… ready to discuss it now.

III. Выберите правильную форму глагола

1.  I usually come/comes to the office at 9.00.

2.  They often go/goes  out for lunch.

3.  John start/starts work at 10 and finish/finishes at 6.

4.  I work/works for a trade company.

5.  You go/goes on business to different countries.

6.  Our managers often meet/meets customers.

7.  Mr. Brown phone/phones our business partners.

8.  She get/gets letters every day.

9.  We visit/visits the factory every week.

10. You often send/sends faxes.

IV. Задайте общий вопрос, вставив нужную форму глагола: do/does, is/are.

1. …  they sell products  to different countries?

2.  … you always  busy at work?

3. …  Mr.White always stay in the office till 7?

4.  … your company interested in a new model?

5. … they have talks every month?

6.  … Jack often  late for the meeting?

7.  … Charlie work for this company?

8. … you have lunch in the office?

9. … the manager write letters?

10. … you interested in our products?

V. Задайте специальные вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. She is always very busy.

2. The secretary  is in the office.

3. We discuss business matters at the talks.

4. He is a manager.

5. They are from Great Britain.

6. I work for this company.

7. Fiona likes her work.

8. We come to the office at 10 o’ clock.

9. I receive mail every day.

10. We have partners in Poland.   

Section B

Text A

SMIRNOV’S  DAY

Smirnov is the President of a foreign trade firm.

In the morning he gets up at about 6.30. He leaves for work at eight o’clock. His office hours begin at 9 o’clock but he usually comes earlier to get ready for work.

In the morning the secretary brings him letters and cables. He reads the mail and sends answers to foreign firms. He often receives foreign businessmen at his office. They usually come to discuss prices, terms of payment, shipment and delivery and other business matters. Sometimes he goes abroad on business to have talks with foreign customers. Smirnov speaks two foreign languages.

At 12.00 Smirnov has lunch. He finishes work at 6 o’clock in the evening, but if there is some urgent business he stays at the office later.

Smirnov usually has dinner at home.

After dinner he reads newspapers and magazines, listens to the radio or watches television and helps his wife about the house. He goes to bed at 11.00.

abroad adv – за границей, за границу

cable n – телеграмма

customer n – заказчик, клиент

delivery n – поставка  

discuss v – обсуждать

foreign a – иностранный

a foreign trade firm – внешнеторговая компания

language n – язык  

leave v – уходить, уезжать

mail n – почта

matter n – вопрос

business matter

office hours – рабочий день

payment n – платеж, оплата

price n – цена 

ready a – готовый

get ready – подготовиться

receive v – получать

send v – отправлять, посылать

shipment n - отгрузка

stay v – оставаться

talks n – переговоры

have talks – вести переговоры

terms n – условия

trade n – торговля

urgent a – срочный

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

  1.  What does Mr. Smirnov do?
  2.  What time does he go to work?
  3.  When does his working day begin?
  4.  Why does he come to work earlier?
  5.  Who brings him mail?
  6.  Whom does he send the answers to?
  7.  Whom does he receive at the office?
  8.  What do they discuss?
  9.  Does he often go abroad? What for?
  10.  How many foreign languages does he speak?
  11.  Does he always leave the office at 6 p.m.? Why or why not?
  12.  What does he do in the evening?

II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.

  1.  Mr. Smirnov is a businessman.
  2.  He starts to work early.
  3.  He receives a lot of mail.
  4.  Mr. Smirnov receives foreign businessmen at home.
  5.  He discusses many different business points with foreign customers.
  6.  Mr. Smirnov never travels abroad.
  7.  He doesn’t speak foreign languages.
  8.  He always leaves the office at 6 in the evening.
  9.  In the evening he usually stays at home.

III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.

  1.  business
  2.  foreign
  3.  office
  4.  terms of
  5.  to discuss
  6.  to go
  7.  to have
  8.  to send
  9.  trade
  10.      urgent

a letter

abroad

business

delivery

firm

hours

point

prices

talks

trade

IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.

  1.  Mr. Dunn is a Director ____ Blake&Co.
  2.  My office hours begin ____ 9.30 in the morning.
  3.  We often send letters ____ our British customers.
  4.  Our manager often has talks ___ American partners.
  5.  I can speak ___ English.
  6.  Mr. Brown never receives customers ____ home.
  7.  Are you ready ____ the talks?
  8.  During the talks we discuss _____ terms ____ shipment and delivery.

V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.

abroad      customers      delivery      foreign      have talks      leaves      office hours      points receives      sends      urgent

  1.  We often meet ________ businessmen.
  2.  My _________ are from 9 till 18.
  3.  Mr. Bell _________ the office at 18.30.
  4.  Do you often go __________? – Yes, we often go to Great Britain and the USA.
  5.  Our director often __________ much mail.
  6.  Do you have any _________ business? – Yes, I have three letters to write.
  7.  What business __________ do you usually discuss at the talks? – We discuss terms of payment and _________.
  8.  Do you have foreign _________? – Yes, we do business with English and French businessmen.
  9.  How often do you _________ with your partners? – We meet every week and discuss different business points.
  10.  Who ________ letters to you customers? – Our secretary does.

Text B

ISABELLE SEGURA

Isabelle Segura comes from France. She is a lawyer.

“In my job I get emails, documents and company information in English so I read a lot in English. I sometimes use English on the phone – for example, when I speak to clients in the US and in other countries – but it’s difficult for me. Fortunately I don’t make phone calls in English very often. I prefer to write emails, but I always ask a colleague to check my English before I send them!”

I=Interviewer, IS= Isabelle Segura, C= Corrado de Iudicibus

INTERVIEWER

Isabelle, can you describe some of the things you do every day at work?

ISABELLE

Well, first, I read my emails, then write replies. I read a lot of other things, too, documents, for example, and information – that’s the work of the lawyer! I make phone calls, I have meetings with clients and give them advice.

INTERVIEWER

Do you have meetings with colleagues too?

ISABELLE

Yes, we have meetings to discuss clients’ problems.

INTERVIEWER

Where do you meet clients – at your office or at their office?

ISABELLE

Foreign clients come to our office but I visit clients who have an office in Paris.

INTERVIEWER

Do you have business lunches with clients as well?

ISABELLE

Yes, sometimes.

INTERVIEWER

And do you travel to other cities or countries?

ISABELLE

No, I don’t. My work is all in Paris.

INTERVIEWER

Thank you, Isabelle.

advice n – совет 

check v – проверять 

client n – клиент

colleague n – коллега 

come from v – быть родом из…

describe v – описывать

difficult a  – сложный, трудный

lawyer n – юрист

make v phone calls – звонить по телефону

meet v – встречать, встречаться

meet clients – встречаться с клиентами

meeting n – встреча

have a meeting – проводить встречу

phone n – телефон

on the phone – по телефону

prefer v – предпочитать

reply n – ответ

travel v – путешествовать, ездить

use v – пользоваться, использовать

visit v – посещать

visit clients – ездить к клиентам

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

  1.  Where is Isabelle from?
  2.  What is her job?
  3.  How often does she use English on the phone?
  4.  Who does she speak English to?
  5.  Why doesn’t she make phone calls in English very often?
  6.  Who checks her e-mails?
  7.  What does she usually read at work?
  8.  What does she discuss at the meetings with her colleagues?
  9.  Where does she meet her clients?
  10.  Does Isabelle travel much?

II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.

  1.  Isabelle comes from Italy.
  2.  She is a businesswoman.
  3.  Isabelle reads a lot in English.
  4.  She often calls her clients in the USA and Britain.
  5.  It is difficult for her to speak English on the phone and to write letters in English.
  6.  Isabelle’s job is to help her clients.
  7.  When Isabelle has meetings with her colleagues, they discuss problems of their clients.
  8.  She meets clients at her office only.
  9.  Isabelle travels a lot in her job.

III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.

  1.  to get
  2.  phone
  3.  to write
  4.  clients’
  5.  to visit
  6.  travel to
  7.  to use
  8.  difficult
  9.  to have
  10.       to give

a meeting

advice

calls

clients

e-mails

English

other countries

point

problems

replies

IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.

  1.  Our company receives a lot ____ information ____ French.
  2.  I never use English ____ the phone.
  3.  It is not difficult ____ me to meet Mr. Black.
  4.  Do you often have meetings ____ your British customers?
  5.  Foreign customers always come ____ our office to discuss business points ____ our managers.
  6.  Mrs. Archer often travels ___ other countries to have talks ____ her foreign partners.
  7.  At the lessons we read and write ____ English.
  8.  I always check letters _____ I send them.
  9.  What do you usually do ____ work?

 

V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.

check      clients      difficult      meet      on the phone      prefer      replies      travels      use     visit

  1.  Do you often __________ English in your job? – Sometimes I speak with our foreign partners __________.
  2.  German is a _________ language.
  3.  When I come to the office, I _________ my e-mail and answer urgent letters.
  4.  Mr. Dunn often ________ abroad and visits many countries in Europe.
  5.  We never __________ my clients; they always come to our office.
  6.  I read my mail and send ________ to foreign firms.
  7.  I __________ foreign businessmen at my office.
  8.  Hardson & Co have a lot of ________ in different cities of the country.
  9.  Do you like speaking English on the phone? – No, I ________ writing e-mails.


UNIT 2

Section A   Grammar reference

CONSTRUCTION THERE IS / ARE (Конструкция  there is / are).

 Конструкция  there is (для единственного числа)  и  there are (для множественного числа) переводится на русский язык как «имеется, находится, существует или есть), а чаще всего совсем не переводится.

There is a telephone on the desk.  На столе есть телефон.

Is there a telephone on the desk?  - Yes, there is. / No there isn’t.

There isn’t a telephone on the desk.

There is no telephone on the desk.

There are a lot of flowers in the room.     В комнате (есть, имеется) много цветов.

Are there many flowers in the room?         - Yes, there are. / No there aren’t.

There aren’t many flowers in the room.

There are no flowers in the room.

 Если в предложении с конструкцией there is / are имеется несколько подлежащих, то глагол  to be  обычно согласуется с подлежащим, которое следует непосредственно за ним:

There  is  a table and 6 chairs in the room.

There are  6  chairs  and a table in the room.

I. Образуйте отрицательные и вопросительные предложения.

1. There are documents on the shelves.

2. There is  a swimming pool in the hotel.

3. There are large windows in the hall.

4. There is an armchair  in the corner.

5. There are 7 days  in a week.

6. There is a secretary  in our office.

7. There is a letter on the desk.

8. There are  9 people in the room.

9. There is an offer from the company.

10.There are faxes and cables on the desk.

II. Вставьте  there is/there isn’t,  there are/there aren’t.

1.   …..  many foreign companies in this town. …. only one.

2.  …  a computer  in the office.

3.   ………. a lot of  letters on my desk.

4.   …  a manager in the office today.  He is on business in France.

5. I can’t send a letter.  …   fax machine in this  room.

6. …….. a lot of cars in front of our office.

7.  The restaurant is very quiet. …. many people there.

8. Look! … a photograph of your company in the newspaper.

9. ….  5 people in the room - the manager, the secretary, two clients and me.

10. … a train at 11 p.m. The last leaves at 10.30 p.m.

11. …. a computer, a fax machine and a photocopier in the office.

12. … two customers and a sales manager in the conference room.

PRONOUNS  (МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ)  SOME,  ANY,  NO

Местоимение some  употребляется:

1.  В утвердительных предложениях c исчисляемыми существительными во множественном числе со значением «несколько, некоторые» и с неисчисляемыми существительными со значением «некоторое/небольшое количество»:

 I’ve brought some sandwiches for you.

I’d prefer some fresh orange juice.

 There are some beautiful parks in the city.

 There is some bread at home. You needn’t buy it.

2.  В вопросах, выражающих предложение чего-либо или просьбу:

 Would you like some sugar in your tea?

Could I have some mineral water, please?

Местоимение  any  употребляется:

1.  В отрицательных предложениях перед исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми существительными со значением «никакие, нисколько»:

 We haven’t received any offers this month.

I haven’t got any coffee  at home.

 There aren’t  any children in the yard.

 There isn’t any salt on the table.

2.  В вопросительных предложениях перед исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми существительными со значением «какие-нибудь, сколько-нибудь»):

 Have you seen any good films recently?

Is there any sugar in the tea?

3.  В утвердительных предложениях в значении «любой»:

 Bill has got pencils of any colour.

Take any book you like.

 

Местоимение  no  имеет значение  «никакой, ни один» и употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так  и с неисчисляемыми существительными:

 I have no car. I go to work by bus.

Sorry, I have no time to help you today.

There is no shop in this street.

There  are  no fountains in this town.

Местоимения some, any, no в сочетании с -body, -one, - thing образуют следующие производные местоимения:

-body                        -one

-thing

some

any

no

somebody                  someone

(кто-то, кто-нибудь)

anybody                     anyone

(кто-то, кто-нибудь, любой)

nobody                      no one

(никто, никого)

something

(что-то, что-нибудь)

anything

(что-то, что-нибудь)

nothing

(ничто, ничего)

Эти местоимения заменяют существительные.

Когда эти местоимения выполняют функцию подлежащего, глагол употребляется в единственном числе.

 Somebody is coming. Open the door please.

Подобно some и any, производные местоимения somebody, someone, something употребляются в утвердительных предложениях, а anybody, anyone, anything в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях.

 I am very hungry. Give me something to eat please.

Is there anybody in the yard?

Somebody, someone, something могут употребляться в вопросительных предложениях, выражающих просьбу.

 Can someone help me?

Anybody, anyone, anything  так же как местоимение any, в утвердительных и вопросительных предложениях могут употребляться в значении всякий, любой.

 It’s very simple. I think anyone can do it.

May I dance anything I like?

Exercises

I. Вставьте some,  any,  no.

  1.  Where is your luggage? I don’t have …
  2.  I am going to the post office. I need … stamps.
  3.  Have you got … customers from foreign countries?
  4.  Do you speak … foreign languages?
  5.  There aren’t … shops in this part of town.
  6.  Do you know where Jane is? I have … idea.
  7.  Everything is OK. There are … problems.
  8.  There are  … letters on the desk for you.
  9.  Can I have  … copies of  a new price list?
  10.  Do you know … good hotels in London?
  11.  Do you need … money? No, thank you, I have ….
  12.  I am afraid there is … coffee. Would you like ... tea?
  13.  There is … difference between these two models . They are the same.

II. Вставьте  something,  somebody,  anything,  anybody,  nobody.

  1.  Do you know … about computers?
  2.  There isn’t … in the box. It’s empty.
  3.  Would you like … to drink?
  4.  It’s a secret. Please don’t tell ….
  5.  I am not hungry. I don’t want  … to eat.
  6.  What’s wrong? There is … in my eye.
  7.  Listen carefully. There is … I want to tell you.
  8.  There is … in the office. It’s completely empty.
  9.  Jack has a bad memory. He can’t remember …..
  10.  Be quite. Don’t say ….
  11.  This sample is free. It costs ….
  12.  She speaks very fast. I don’t understand ….
  13.  Do you know … in this firm? Yes, a few people.
  14.  Is there …. interesting on TV tonight?

MANY,   MUCH,  A LOT OF,  (a) FEW,   (a) LITTLE

исчисляемые                    

существительные              are

неисчисляемые

существительные                 is

много

many / a lot of

customers, clerks, dresses,

friends, contracts, ….

much / a lot of

time, money, sugar, tea, bread, information, news, water, ….

мало

few (-)

customers, offers, books, ….

little (-)

time, money, juice, information, light, interest, ….

несколько

немного

a few (+)

friends, orders, ….

a little (+)

time, cheese, ….

How many states are there in the USA?

How much petrol do you need for your car?

How much water is there in the vase?

Сочетание  a lot of (много)  употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, например:

They asked me a lot of questions

He earns a lot of money.

Exercises

I. Вставьте  much,  many,  a lot.

1. Don’t hurry. Have we got … time before the talks.

2. Do you discuss business matters with them? Yes, but not   …

3.  Do you usually type … letters?

4. Are there …   people in the office today?

5. There isn’t …  milk in his coffee.

6. There was not .. of snow last winter.

7. We have got …  contracts with your company.

8. I haven’t  got …   free time today. I  have… appointments.

9.  Do they produce …  machines at the plant?

10. Is there … interest for your goods?

11. It costs .. of money to travel around the world.

12. We  have …  e-mail today.

II. Вставьте few,  a few,  little,  a little.

1. Do you want milk in your coffee? Yes, ... , please.

2. I want to ask you  … questions.

3.This model is not very popular. We‘ve got  … orders.

4. The business is not bad. We’ve got….  new partners.

5. I need … time to think about it.

6.  He knows …..  English words.  His English is very bad.

7.  Our general manager speaks  …… foreign languages.

8. The talks start  in 5 minutes. We’ve got  …time.

9. I don’t drink … coffee.

10.There are .. people in the office- it is nearly empty.

Section B

Text A

SELLING  ELECTRONIC  EQUIPMENT

Mr. Sun works for a big electronic company. They produce many different types of electronic equipment, such as telephones, computers, fax machines, copiers, etc.

Their head-office is located in Tokyo. They rent a  few modern buildings in the suburbs of the capital. The company has a lot of plants and offices in 13 countries. More than 125,000 employees work there.

There are four departments in the head-office. They are: marketing, production, sales and personnel departments.

The company managers are experienced and competent specialists. They work much  and run the company successfully.

The board of directors takes  a lot of important decisions on the company’s strategy and distribution of dividends. The sales of the company are high. They are a profitable company.

SUN

Hello,  Mr. Glebov. Nice to see you again.

GLEBOV

Hello, Mr. Sun. What a nice office you’ve got!

SUN

We like it too. It’s modern. There’s a fax and  many computers here. What can I do for you, Mr. Glebov?

GLEBOV

I’d like to see the Director General. Is he in?

SUN

I’m sorry, he’s on business in London.

GLEBOV

What about the offer?

SUN

Your offer is very interesting for us.

GLEBOV

Glad to hear it.

SUN

There are a lot of the terms and conditions in the contract. Shall we discuss them?

GLEBOV

All right. Just wait a little please,  I’ll take a copy of the contract.

Vocabulary

be on business – быть в командировке

go on business – поехать в командировку

board n – правление, руководство    

board of directors – совет директоров

capital n – столица

competent a – компетентный

condition n – условие

contract n – контракт

copier n – копир 

decision n – решение 

department n – отдел 

different a – разный, различный

distribution n – распределение, распространение

dividend n – дивиденд 

employee n – сотрудник 

equipment n – оборудование 

experienced a – опытный 

head-office n – головной офис

high a – высокий 

important a – важный 

located a – расположенный 

marketing n – маркетинг

modern a – современный

offer n – предложение

personnel n – персонал, кадры, сотрудники

plant n – завод

produce v – производить

profitable a – прибыльный

rent v –  арендовать

run a company – управлять компанией

sales n – продажи

strategy n – стратегия

suburbs n – пригород 

successfully adv – успешно 

work for v – работать на ..

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

  1.  Where does Mr. Sun work?
  2.  What does the company produce?
  3.  Where is their head-office?
  4.  Where do they have plants and offices?
  5.  How many people work for the company?
  6.  What departments are there in the head-office?
  7.  Who takes the most important decisions in the company?
  8.  Are they a successful company?
  9.  Who is at Mr. Sun’s office now?
  10.  What is there in Mr. Sun’s office?
  11.  Who does Mr. Glebov want to see?
  12.  Where is the General Director?
  13.  What does Mr. Sun want to discuss?

II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.

  1.  Mr. Sun’s company produces computers.
  2.  The head-office of the company is in the capital of Japan.
  3.  The company has offices abroad.
  4.  The head-office has three departments.
  5.  They are a successful company.
  6.  The board of directors makes all important decision.
  7.  Mr. Sun has a modern office.
  8.  There is a computer in Mr. Sun’s office.
  9.  The Director General is not in Tokyo at the moment.
  10.  Mr. Sun is interested in Mr. Glebov’s offer.
  11.  Mr. Sun wants to discuss the contract with the Russian businessman.

III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.

  1.  board of
  2.  company’s
  3.  conditions of the
  4.  distribution of
  5.  electronic
  6.  experienced
  7.  production
  8.  profitable
  9.  to produce
  10.  to take

company

contract

decisions

department

directors

dividends

equipment

fax machines

specialists

strategy

IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.

  1.  Mr. Brown works ____ General Electrics.
  2.  Our new plant is located ____ St. Petersburg.
  3.  The board ____ directors meets on Mondays.
  4.  What is your decision ___ this matter?
  5.  The production manager isn’t ____. He’s ____ business ____ the US.
  6.  This point is very interesting ___ me.
  7.  I would like to discuss the conditions ___ the contract.
  8.  What can I do ___ you?
  9.  What ____ our new model of computer? Do you like it?

V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.

trade  department      equipment     employees      head office      important      offers   

 business     produces      profitable      successfully      

  1.  What is the price for your ___________  ?
  2.  Our plant ________ computers.
  3.  Where is Mr. Smith? – He’s on _________ in New York.
  4.  We receive many __________ from different foreign firms.
  5.  Our _________ are very experienced.
  6.  Derek &Co is a big international firm with a _________ in New York.
  7.  Carston Ltd. is a very ________ company. They have good sales and make much money.
  8.  I work for the production __________ of GML.
  9.  Distribution of dividends is very _________ if you want to run the company  ___________.
  10.  I  work for a foreign___________company.

Text B

SHOPPING STREET.

Nowy Swiat which means New World is the best shopping street in the world. It is not in London, New York or Paris but in Warsaw. 14000 Poles walk down this main street every hour. It is a lovely place to shop. There are statues, palaces, attractive town houses, exclusive cafes, and high-class restaurants. The buildings are not too tall. They look old but in fact they are rather modern. There aren’t any billboards or neon lights. There isn’t any loud music and there aren’t many tourists. People think that Polish shops have nothing to sell, so nobody comes shopping here. The world doesn’t know about this paradise for shoppers yet. It is now possible to buy almost everything in Warsaw. There are a lot of shops from the West, but the interesting thing that Polish manufacturers produce high quality goods. They are good because Polish plants don’t produce the goods for world consumption. Nowy Swiat has a lot of small shops, specialist shops and chic shops. There are also book shops and record shops. And there are a lot of small boutiques that sell men’s and women’s clothes that aren’t too expensive. It hasn’t got the huge department stores that sell the same things everywhere.

Vocabulary

attractive a -привлекательный

billboard n -рекламный щит

consumption n-потребление

department store-универмаг

expensive a -дорогостоящий

goods n-товары

high quality a -высококачественный 

manufacturer n -производитель

modern a -современный

palace n- дворец

paradise n -рай

specialist shop -специализированный магазин

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1.  How many people visit Nowy Swiat every day?

2. What are there in the street?

3. What goods do Polish manufacturers produce?

4. Why are Polish goods of high quality?

5. What kind of shops are there?

 

II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.

  1.  Nowy Swiat is in New York
    1.  All buildings  in Nowy Swiat are old.
      1.  There are many billboards in the street.
        1.  There aren’t many tourists in Nowy Swiat.
        2.  Everybody knows about this paradise for shoppers.
        3.  Polish shops have nothing to sell.

7.   It has got the huge department stores.

III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.

  1.  specialist
  2.  department
  3.  high quality
  4.  high-class
  5.  shopping

goods

street

restaurant

shop

store

IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.

1. New World is the best shopping street … the world.

2. A lot … people  walk … this main street ….every hour.

3. The world doesn’t know … this paradise … shoppers.

4. There are many shops … the West.

5. The buildings are  .. fact rather modern.

V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.

attractive        manufacturer        specialist shop         department store

expensive          high quality        consumption

  1.  Our plant produces __________goods.
  2.  Your price is not ___________ to us. It is  too high.
  3.  This_______________ doesn’t produce the goods  for world____________.
  4.  There are no big __________________ in Nowy Swait.
  5.  Not all _______________ shops are very ________ in this street.


UNIT 3

Section A  Grammar reference

The Present Continuous Tense (Настоящее продолженное время)

Present Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующей форме настоящего времени (am, are, is) и причастия настоящего времени  (Present Participle/ Participle I)  смыслового глагола.

Participle I образуется путем прибавления окончания -ing к основной форме глагола: work + ing = working.

Особенности  написания Participle I.

1. Если глагол оканчивается на –e, то при прибавлении –ing  буква  e  отбрасывается:  take + ing = taking.

2. Если глагол оканчивается на согласную, перед которой стоит краткая ударная гласная, то конечная согласная удваивается: sit + ing = sitting.

3. Конечная гласная y при прибавлении окончания –ing  сохраняется:

study + ing = studying.

Спряжение глаголов в Present Continuous:

Утвердительная форма

I

am

working.

HE, SHE, IT

is

working.

WE, YOU, THEY

are

working.

   

 Вопросительная форма     Краткие ответы

Am

I

working?

- Yes, I am / No I’m not.

Is

HE, SHE, IT

working?

- Yes, he is / No he isn’t

Are

WE, YOU, THEY

working?

- Yes, we are / No we aren’t

  

  Отрицательная форма

I

am not

working.

HE, SHE, IT

is not

working.

WE, YOU, THEY

are not

working.

 Present Continuous употребляется:

  •  для обозначения действия, которое совершается в момент речи:

I am watching TV (now).

(Сейчас) Я смотрю телевизор.

  •  для выражения длительного действия, совершающегося в настоящий период времени:

She is writing a new book.

Она пишет новую книгу.

  •  для выражения заранее намеченного, запланированного действия, которое совершится в ближайшем будущем. В этом случае в предложении обычно имеется обстоятельство времени, указывающее на будущее время:

They are arriving tomorrow.

Они приезжают завтра.

 

Примечание.

Глаголы, выражающие чувства, восприятие, умственную деятельность, а также некоторые другие в форме Continuous не употребляются:  to like (нравиться), to love (любить), to want (хотеть), to see (видеть), to hear (слышать), to know (знать), to forget (забывать), to understand (понимать), 

to believe (верить), to have (в значении иметь, владеть) и другие.

Exercises

I. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Present Continuous.

1. The secretary (work) on the computer at the moment.

2. We (have) business talks now.

3. Please, be quiet. I (work).

4. Look! They (leave) the office.

5. Mr. Baker (look) through English newspapers now.

6. I (write) a letter to my  client right now.

7. It’s late. I (go) home now.

8. Mr. Ivanov (speak) on the phone now.

9. Where are the engineers? They (have) lunch in a cafe.

10. Listen! Somebody (speak) on the phone.

II. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1. I work /am  working now.

2. He doesn’t speak / isn’t speaking five languages.

3 .I see / am seeing the manager tomorrow.

4. I don’t use / am not using my mobile phone in the office.

5. Do they have /are they having  lunch in the  restaurant at the moment?

6. She always stays / is staying at the Hilton when she is on business.

7. We leave / are leaving Moscow for London next week.

8.  Bob drives/is driving  to the office at the moment.

9. It rains/is raining. I don’t want/am not wanting to go out now.

10. You can turn off the computer. I don’t work/am not working.

III. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Present Continuous.

1. Where is Mr. Green?   He (have) talks with the customers.

2. We (sell) goods to different countries.

3. Hurry up! The manager (wait) for us.

4. Please be quiet! The managers (the check) the orders.

5.  This company (buy) goods from foreign companies.

6. I can speak to you now. I (work) on the computer.

7. Our managers often (go) on business trips.

8. You (go) out tonight?  No, I’m too tired.

9. Now I (know) what to offer the clients.

10. Sarah never (forget) customers’ names.

11. We (go) to the concert this evening. It (start) at 7.30.

IV. Выберите правильное обстоятельство времени.

1. Do you go out at present/at the weekend?

2. Sally usually  types letters in the morning /now.

3. He isn’t reading offers at the moment/ every day.

4. Are they having  talks every Monday/now?

5. She visits the customers every week /at the moment.

6. We finish work earlier on  Fridays/ now.

7. I am going  to the plant every day /today.

8. George  uses the fax very often/now.

9. He is leaving the office at 6 o’clock/in 2 hours.

10. I don’t meet customers on Saturdays/right now.

V. Составьте предложения, употребив Present Continuous для выражения запланированного ближайшего будущего

1. Monday 5th: go on business  to London. He_________________________

2. Tuesday 6th :  have a meeting with customers ___________________

3. Wednesday 7 th:   have talks with sales representatives _____________________.

4. Thursday 8th:. visit the plant__________________________.

5. Friday 9th:.  sign the contract________________________.

6. Saturday 10th:. have lunch with Mr.Smith ______________________

7. Sunday 11th: play tennis with friends_________________________ 

Section B

Text

TELEPHONE CONVERSATION

RICHARD

Hello. Mario? This is Richard Slade.

MARIO

Hello, Richard. Where are you phoning from?

RICHARD

I’m here, in Rome.

MARIO

But the line’s terrible!

RICHARD

I’m using my mobile phone. I’m in a taxi.

MARIO

Where are you staying?

RICHARD

At the Sheraton.

MARIO

What are you doing here?

RICHARD

I’m here on business.

MARIO

Are you working for the same company?

RICHARD

Yes, but I’m General Manager now.

MARIO

Congratulations! Why are you visiting Rome?

RICHARD

I’m seeing a manufacturer here.

MARIO

Really! How about lunch? Where are you going right now?

RICHARD

Nowhere. We are not moving.

MARIO

Oh, dear! Are you sitting in a traffic jam?

RICHARD

Yes, I am.

MARIO

What about dinner, then?

RICHARD

Fine. How about 7.30 at my hotel?

Vocabulary

manager n – менеджер

General Manager – Генеральный директор, главный управляющий

manufacturer n – производитель

the same a – тот же, такой же

see v – видеть, встречаться с к.-л.

traffic jam n – «пробка» на дороге

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

  1.  Where are Richard and Mario?
  2.  Which hotel is Richard staying at?
  3.  Is he at the hotel now?
  4.  What is he doing at the moment?
  5.  Why is Richard in Rome?
  6.  What is Richard’s position in the company?
  7.  When are Mario and Richard going to meet?

II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.

  1.  Mario and Richard are in France.
  2.  They are speaking on the phone.
  3.  Mario is phoning Richard to invite him for dinner.
  4.  Mario is in Rome on business.
  5.  Richard is in the hotel now.
  6.  Richard is in Rome to meet a business partner.
  7.  Richard is President of his company.

III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.

  1.  mobile
  2.  stay at
  3.  to see
  4.  to visit
  5.  traffic

a hotel

a manufacturer

jam

phone

Rome

IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.

  1.  Mr. Green is phoning ____ our office in London.
  2.  Why are you visiting ____ New York? – I’ m ____ business here.
  3.  I’m going ____ Madrid to see ____ our customer there.
  4.  When I come ____ London I always stay ____ the same hotel.

5.  How ___ dinner ____ 12 o’clock today?

V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.

General Manager      manufacturer      same       seeing        stays

  1.  ABC is a British ______ of office equipment.
  2.  What are you doing on Tuesday morning? – I’m______ Mr. Green from Kirsten Ltd.
  3.  What do you do? – I am ______ of Brown&Co.
  4.  Mr. Turner has worked for the _______  company for thirty years.

5.   When our Director comes to London he usually ________ at the Ritz Hotel.


UNIT 4

Section A  Grammar reference

Образование прошедшего времени группы Simple.

По способу образования основных форм (Past Simple и Participle II)  глаголы делятся на две группы: правильные и неправильные (regular and irregular verbs).

Правильные глаголы образуют формы Past Simple  и Participle II путем прибавления окончания  - ed/ -d к инфинитиву глагола.

Окончание – ed  читается:

[d] – после звонких согласных (кроме d) и гласных:  to open  - opened, to play – played;

[t] – после глухих согласных (кроме t): to help – helped;

[id] – после звуков [t], [d]: to translate – translated,  to decide – decided.

Правила правописания.

1. Если инфинитив глагола оканчивается на букву   – e,  то прибавляется только

   –d :  to live – lived.

2. Буква  y после согласной меняется на  i. После гласных y сохраняется:

   to copy – copied,  to stay – stayed.

3. После краткой ударной гласной конечная согласная удваивается как в односложных, так и в многосложных словах:  to stop – stopped, to transmit - transmitted.

Неправильные глаголы образуют Past Simple и Participle II не по общему правилу (см. таблицу неправильных глаголов).

Вопросительная и отрицательная формы прошедшего времени как правильных, так и неправильных глаголов для всех лиц образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола  to do  в прошедшем времени (did)  и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола (без частицы  to). Вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.

She sent the letter yesterday.

Она отправила письмо вчера.

Did she send the letter yesterday?

- Yes, she did.  - No, she didn’t.

She did not (didn’t) send the letter yesterday.

They worked last Saturday.

Они работали в прошлую субботу.

Did they work last Saturday?

- Yes, they did. - No, they didn’t.

They did not (didn’t) work last Saturday.

Past Simple употребляется для выражения действия, совершившегося или совершавшегося в прошлом. Это время употребляется в повествовании, при изложении событий, имевших место в прошлом, а также в разговоре о прошедших событиях.

 Past Simple употребляется со следующими обстоятельствами времени:

yesterday

 вчера

the day before yesterday

 позавчера

yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)     

 вчера утром (днем, вечером)

at 6 o’clock

 в 6 часов

an hour ago

час тому назад

a week (month, year, …) ago

неделю  (месяц, год, …) тому назад

last week (month, year, Tuesday, …)

на прошлой неделе (в прошлом месяце, году, в прошлый вторник, ...)

last night

вчера вечером / ночью

the other day

на днях

in 2005

в 2005 году ( и т.п.)

Таблица неправильных глаголов.

Infinitive

Past Simple

Past Participle

Translation

be

was, were

been

быть

beat

beat

beaten

бить

become

became

become

стать, становиться

begin

began

begun

начинать

bite

bit

bitten

кусать(ся)

break

broke

broken

ломать(ся), разбивать

bring

brought

brought

приносить

build

built

built

строить

buy

bought

bought

покупать

catch

caught

caught

поймать

choose

chose

chosen

выбирать

come

came

come

приходить

cost

cost

cost

стоить

cut

cut

cut

резать

deal

dealt

dealt

иметь дело

do

did

done

делать

draw

drew

drawn

чертить, рисовать; тащить

drink

drank

drunk

пить

drive

drove

driven

ехать, водить (машину)

eat

ate

eaten

есть

fall

fell

fallen

падать

feed

fed

fed

кормить

feel

felt

felt

чувствовать

find

found

found

находить

fly

flew

flown

летать

forbid

forbade

forbidden

запрещать

forget

forgot

forgotten

забывать

forgive

forgave

forgiven

прощать

get

got

got

получать; доставать

give

gave

given

давать

go  

went

gone

идти, ходить, ехать

grow

grew

grown

расти; становиться

have

had

had

иметь

hear

heard

heard

слышать

hide

hid

hidden

прятать(ся)

hit

hit

hit

ударять

hurt

hurt

hurt

повредить, причинять боль

keep

kept

kept

хранить, держать

know

knew

known

знать

lead

led

led

вести; руководить

learn

learnt, learned

learnt, learned

изучать, учить

leave

left

left

оставлять

lend

lent

lent

одолжить, дать взаймы

let

let

let

позволять

lie

lay

lain

лежать

light

lit

lit

зажигать, светить

lose

lost

lost

терять

make

made

made

делать, изготавливать

mean

meant

meant

иметь в виду, намереваться

meet

met

met

встречать

pay

paid

paid

платить

put

put

put

класть, положить

read

read

read

читать

ring

rang

rung

звонить

rise

rose

risen

поднимать(ся), вставать

run

ran

run

бежать

say

said

said

говорить, сказать

see

saw

seen

видеть

seek

sought

sought

искать

sell

sold

sold

продавать

send

sent

sent

посылать

set

set

set

ставить, помещать

shake

shook

shaken

трясти

shine

shone

shone

светить, блестеть

show

showed

showed

показывать

shut

shut

shut

закрывать

sing

sang

sung

петь

sit

sat

sat

сидеть

sleep

slept

slept

спать

speak

spoke

spoken

говорить

spend

spent

spent

тратить; проводить время

stand

stood

stood

стоять

steal

stole

stolen

красть, воровать

strike

struck

struck

ударит, бить; бастовать

swim

swam

swum

плавать

take

took

taken

брать

teach

taught

taught

учить, преподавать

tell

told

told

рассказывать, сказать

think

thought

thought

думать

throw

threw

thrown

бросать

understand

understood

understood

понимать

wake

woke

woken

просыпаться; будить

wear

wore

worn

носить

win

won

won

выиграть, победить

write

wrote

written

писать

Exercises

I. Поставьте нужную форму глагола was/were.

1. _____ he busy on Monday?

2. The talks ________  not very difficult yesterday.

3. It ___________ very cold last night.

4. The managers _________ very tired.

5. It _____   not his first visit to London.

6. I __________ greatly interested in our business.

7. The goods of Smith & Co _____ very popular in the world market last year.

8. _________ they on business last month?

9. Why _______you late this morning?

10. John ____  not at work last week because he____ ill.

II. Вставьте am, is, are, was, were.

1. I _________ a secretary. I work in a big office.

2. They________ in Spain last week.

3. I _________ cold. Please, close the windows.

4. George _________ tired. He is  leaving the office now.

5. The partners _____________ in the restaurant last night.

6. What goods  ______ you   interested in  the other day ?

7. Terry _______________ our customer. He lives  in London.

8. Sophia and Ann __________ always  late for  work.

9. Today the weather ____ nice, but yesterday it____ very cold.

10. Don’t buy this equipment, it ___ very expensive.

III. Образуйте общие вопросы  и отрицательные предложения  в Past Simple:

1. I sent an offer  to  the client yesterday.

2. We saw the machines in operation the day before yesterday.

3. They  signed a  contract  the other day.

4. She met  the representatives of the firm 2 days ago.

5. They discussed business matters during the talks.

6. We found the price too high.

7. I finished work early.

8. She went to the bank in the morning.

9. We had a nice holiday last summer.

10. The hotel was comfortable.

IV. Образуйте специальные вопросы в Past Simple:

1.  Our partners invited us to the restaurant last night. (when?)

2. Tom arrived at work late yesterday. (where?)

3. The clients agreed to buy the goods. (who?)

4. She  enjoyed her trip. (what?)

5. He visited Britain last month. (when?)

6. They discussed the price. (what?)

7. The manger often went on business to Italy  last year. (where?)

8.  They didn’t like  the hotel.  The room was small and dirty. (why?)

9. Last Tuesday Lisa flew to London. (when?)

10. We had the talks in the conference room. (where?)

 

V. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Past Simple.

1. Our company (make) some contracts last month.

2. I (leave) the office at 7.00 p.m.

3. Our director (visit) Japan 2 weeks ago.

4. We (meet) our  partners the other day.

5. We (start) producing a new model  of computer 3 months ago.

6. The (know) that the goods (be) of high quality.

7. I  (receive) a lot of messages in the morning.

8. The company (deliver) the goods on time.

9. I (see) that model at the exhibition.

10. Mr.Bell (give) us all the necessary information.

11. The secretary (make) an appointment with Mr.Jones for Friday.

VI.  Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Present Simple или Past Simple

1. Sue (phone) me yesterday evening.

2.  The manager  usually (read)  letters in the morning.

3. We  (fax) the price list a week ago .

4.  Our company always (do) business with foreign firms .

5. He often (go ) on business.

6. Our firm (reduce) the price last month.

7. We (sign)  contracts every year.

8. They (place) a large order last week.

9. They (produce) very good computers.

10. I (send) them a letter  the other day.

Section B

Text A

TRAVELLING  ON  BUSINESS

Boris Petrov is an engineer of a Russian foreign-trade organization. He often goes on business to different European, Asian and African countries. His organization does business with lots of foreign firms.

Last month he was in Great Britain. He went there to sign a contract for the purchase of some equipment. The talks were very difficult. Petrov and the British businessmen discussed prices, terms of delivery, terms of shipment and other business matters. The supplier agreed to reduce the price.

During his trip Petrov visited different plants where he saw the equipment in operation. He also attended a 3-day conference on industrial investment policy and financial management and met with consultants from law firms. Boris was lucky with the weather. It was warm and it didn’t rain. He was pleased with the trip.

Vocabulary

agree v – соглашаться 

attend v – присутствовать, посещать

attend a conference – присутствовать на конференции

consultant n – консультант

do business v – сотрудничать, вести дела

engineer n – инженер 

financial a – финансовый 

industrial a – промышленный 

investment n – инвестирование, инвестиция

industrial investment policy – политика промышленных инвестиций

law n – закон  

matter n – вопрос, проблема

operation n – действие 

in operation – в действии 

pleased a – довольный 

policy n – политика

purchase n – покупка 

purchase v –  покупать

reduce v  – сократить, снизить

sign v – подписывать

supplier n – поставщик

trip n – поездка

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

  1.  What does Mr. Petrov do?
  2.  Does he travel much?
  3.  Where did he go last month?
  4.  Why did he go there?
  5.  What did he discuss at the talks?
  6.  What did he see at the plants that he visited?
  7.  What conference did he visit?
  8.  Who did he meet at the conference?
  9.  What was the weather like in Britain?
  10.  Did Mr. Petrov like the trip?

II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.

  1.  Mr. Petrov works for a Russian-British company.
  2.  Mr. Petrov’s company has business partners in different countries.
  3.  Last month he had very difficult talks with British partners.
  4.  They had talks in Moscow.
  5.  During the talks they discussed prices and terms of shipment.
  6.  When Mr. Petrov visited the manufacturers, he saw their equipment in operation.
  7.  During his trip Mr. Petrov attended a 2-day conference.
  8.  At the conference they discussed investment policy.
  9.  During his visit Mr. Petrov met law consultants.
  10.  Mr. Petrov liked his trip.

III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.

  1.  business
  2.  financial
  3.  investment
  4.  law
  5.  purchase
  6.  to attend
  7.  to discuss
  8.  to reduce
  9.  to sign

a conference

a contract

firm

management

matters

of equipment

policy

terms of delivery

the price

IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.

  1.  Mr. Krantz is a manager ___ a manufacturing company.
  2.  Last week we signed a contract ___ office equipment ____ an Italian company.
  3.  Did you see the equipment ___ operation when you visited ___ the plant?
  4.  Yesterday I met Peter Archer, a consultant ____ a law firm.
  5.  Were you lucky ___ the weather when you were in London?
  6.  There was a conference ___ financial management ___ Paris last month. – Did you attend ___ it?
  7.  Do you do business ___ any foreign companies?
  8.  Did you discuss the purchase ___ computers ___ the talks?
  9.  Are you pleased ____ the contract that you signed ___  Steel&Co?

V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.

agree      attend       engineer      matters      operation      pleased      purchase      reduce      sign supplier      trip

  1.  What do you do? – I’m an ________.
  2.  When did you ______ the contract with ABC?
  3.  Thompson&Co is our British ______.
  4.  The price was very high. But the seller agreed to ______ it.
  5.  I want to see your computer in ______.
  6.  We are _______ to visit your plant.
  7.  What ________ do you usually discuss at the talks? – We discuss prices, terms of delivery and shipment.
  8.  Did Mr. Taylor _______ the meeting yesterday? – No, he was on a business _______ in Italy.
  9.  At the talks on Monday we discussed the _________ of office equipment.
  10.  Did you _______ on price at the talks yesterday

Text B

A  VISIT  TO  THE  PLANT

TAYLOR:

We like your plant, Mr Ivanov. It’s quite modern.

IVANOV:

Glad to hear that, the plant is really new. We built it only two years ago.

TAYLOR:

By the way, how long did it take you to construct it?

IVANOV:

Three years, though it’s one of the biggest plants here.

TAYLOR:

You produce very good compressors, they are easy to operate and reliable.  Do you produce anything else?

IVANOV:

No, nothing else, as we specialize in compressors. Our goods are in great demand in the world market. We export them to many countries of the world. Last year was particularly good. Our total sales increased to 247 million roubles. We found  new foreign partners.

TAYLOR:

Incidentally, in what way did you use the profit?

IVANOV:

We invested heavily to improve the quality. We increased the salaries and wages. We also arranged a number of training courses for technical personnel.

TAYLOR:

We’d like to establish business relations with you. We are going to place a large order.

IVANOV:

We’ll be glad to cooperate with you.

Vocabulary

arrange v – организовывать, устраивать

build v – строить

construct v – строить 

cooperate v – сотрудничать 

demand n – спрос 

be in great demand – пользоваться большим спросом

easy a – простой

establish v – устанавливать

export v – экспортировать

How long did it take you? – Сколько времени это заняло?

It takes me 30 minutes to get to work. – На дорогу до работы у меня уходит 30 минут.

improve v – улучшать, совершенствовать

increase v – увеличивать(ся)

increase by – увеличивать(ся) на

increase to – увеличивать(ся) до

invest v – инвестировать, вкладывать

market n – рынок

world market – мировой рынок

modern a – современный

operate v – действовать, работать

particularly adv – особенно

place an order – разместить заказ

profit n – прибыль

quality n – качество

relations n – отношения 

reliable a – надежный 

salary n – зарплата 

sales n – продажи 

total a – целый, общий

total sales – общий объем сбыта

training n – подготовка

training course – курс подготовки

wage n – зарплата

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

  1.  Is Mr. Ivanov’s plant new?
  2.  When did they build it?
  3.  How long did it take them to build it?
  4.  What does the plant produce?
  5.  Do they make good equipment?
  6.  Where do they sell their compressors?
  7.  What were their sales last year?
  8.  What did they do with the profit?
  9.  Do the two businessmen want to cooperate?

II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.

  1.  Mr. Ivanov  is visiting  Mr. Taylor’s plant.
  2.  The plant is new, but it isn’t very big.
  3.  They built the plant last year.
  4.  It took them two years to build the plant.
  5.  The plant produces computers.
  6.  Their goods are of high quality.
  7.  The company sells its goods abroad.
  8.  Last year their total sales increased.
  9.  They invest in training courses for their personnel.
  10.  Mr. Taylor wants to establish business relation with the Russian company.
  11.  The Russian company wants to place an order with Mr. Taylo’r firm.

III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.

  1.  easy to
  2.  modern
  3.  technical
  4.  to be in great
  5.  to establish
  6.  to improve
  7.  to increase
  8.  to place
  9.  to use
  10.       training
  11.       world

an order

courses

demand

market

operate

personnel

plant

relations

salaries

the profit

the quality

IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.

  1.  Our goods are ___ great demand __ the world market.
  2.  We export our equipment ___ many countries ___ the world.
  3.  Last month our sales increased ____ 5% ___ $678 million.
  4.  Do you have any training courses ___ your personnel?
  5.  Our company built a number ___ new plants in China last year.
  6.  We want to establish business relations ___ Steel&Co.

V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.

arranging      constructed      demand      establish      export      improve      increased       invested operate      orders       quality      reliable

  1.  Our equipment is of very high ______, and it is very _______.
  2.  We wanted to buy 20 computers from CBS. But then we _______ our offer to 25 computers.
  3.  At the moment I’m ________ a visit to our plant for a British delegation.
  4.  We hope to ________ good business relations with your company.
  5.  Our goods are in great _______. A lot of customers place ______with us.
  6.  When did you build the plant? – We _______ it five years ago.
  7.  It took us two years to _______ Model A27. Now it is very easy to _______.
  8.  Is your Model 6G in great demand? – Yes, we _______ it to many foreign countries.
  9.  How did you use the money? – We _______ into new models.

 


UNIT 5

Section A  Grammar reference

The Present Perfect Tense  (Настоящее совершенное время)

Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме настоящего времени (have, has) и причастия прошедшего времени (Participle II) смыслового глагола. На русский язык переводится глаголом в прошедшем времени.

I have seen this film.

Я посмотрел этот фильм.

- Have you seen this film?

- Yes, I have  / - No, I haven’t.

I have not (haven’t) seen this film.

He has signed the contract

Он подписал контракт.

- Has he signed the contract?

- Yes, he has  / - No he hasn’t.

He has not (hasn’t) signed the contract.

  •  Present Perfect употребляется для выражения действия, которое совершилось в прошлом  (время действия не указывается), но результат которого очевиден или имеет значение в настоящем.
  •  Если время действия указано, тогда употребляется Simple Past:

He signed the contract yesterday (last week, 2 hours ago, etc.).

  •  Present Perfect употребляется со следующими наречиями:

Just

только что

He has just signed the contract.

Already

уже ( в утвердительных предложениях                         и с оттенком удивления в общих вопросах)

He has already signed the contract.           I have already seen this film                  Has he already signed the contract?        Have you already seen this film?

Yet

ещё ( в отрицательных предложениях)                    уже ( в вопросительных предложениях)

He hasn’t signed the contract yet.              I haven’t seen this film yet.                    Has he signed the contract yet?           Have you seen this film yet?

Ever

когда-нибудь(в вопросительных предложениях)

Have you ever been to London?

Never

никогда (когда речь идет о действиях в прошлом)

I have never been to Spain.

Lately  recently

в последнее время,   недавно

I haven’t seen him lately.                           I have read this book recently.

Present Perfect может употребляться также

с обстоятельствами времени, которые обозначают еще не истекший отрезок   времени, как например: today, this morning, this week, this month, this year  и   т.п.:

I’ve had a lot of work to do this week.  

У меня было много работы на этой неделе.

с глаголами  to  be,  to live,  to know,  to see,  to hear  для выражения действия, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается до настоящего времени.  При этом, предлог for  обозначает период времени, а предлог since – начальный момент данного действия. Также может быть употреблено придаточное предложение времени, вводимое союзом since (с тех пор, как) – начальный момент времени.

I have known her for ten years. Я знаю ее 10 лет.

The children have been here

since 5 o’clock.

Дети здесь с пяти часов.

They haven’t heard anything about Robert since they left school.

Они ничего не слышали о Роберте с тех пор, как окончили школу.

Exercises

I. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в  Present Perfect.

1. I already (see)  this catalogue.

2. We just (sell) the goods.

3. We never (do) business with this firm.

4. Mike (visited ) the exhibition recently.

5. ever (be) to Italy?

6. I ( not/ finish) my work yet.

7. She  (make) a contract this week.

8. They ( know)  the customers for ten years.

9.  They (study) the market lately.

10. They (not/arrive) yet.

11. You (start) a new job yet?

II.  Задайте специальные вопросы в Present Perfect к подчеркнутым словам.

  1.  I have left the keys on the desk.
  2.  The price for the goods has increased.
  3.  The secretary hasn’t posted the letter yet.
  4.  They have returned from a business trip recently.
  5.  The partners have just signed the contract.
  6.  He has been to California three times.
  7.  I have worked at this company for 10 years.
  8.  They have studied the prices.
  9.  The manager has singed the contract.
  10.  We have received an offer this week.

III. Выберите правильное наречие или предлог.

1. Diana hasn’t called me back yet/already.

2. Has Andy  called the customer just/yet?

3. Pete  has already/ever  signed the contract.

4. We have yet/just finished the talks.

5. Have they returned from their trip already/yet?

6. We haven‘t  received an offer for/since two years.

7. They have just/ yet left the office.

8. I have ever/never been abroad.

9. She hasn’t been on business since/ for December.

10. We haven’t met the customer yet/ever.

IV. Раскройте скобки, используя глагол в Past Simple  или Present Perfect.

1.  The manger (know) this customer since 2006.

2. Mr. Black (introduce)  new representatives  of the company to us yesterday.

3.  The secretary (already/go) home.

4.  We just (start) selling  these computers.

5.  Mr.Sidorov (arrive) in London the other day.

6.  I (buy) my computer 3 years ago. I (have) it for 3 years.

7.  The company (do) business with many foreign firms lately.

8.  I (read) the massage  a few minutes ago.

9.  We  never (see)  these  machines in operation.

10. They (discuss) the matter in detail at the talks.

11. The secretary( be) ill since last week, she (fall) ill last Tuesday.

12. How long (be) in London? –I (be) here for 4 days.

13. Kate loves traveling, she (visit) many countries

14. You (see) our partner last week?

15. We (modify) the model recently.

16. They (go) out for lunch and they  just (come) back

17. Diana (not be) at work yesterday.

V.  Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1. Mark is/has been on holiday since Monday.

2. Jane is our customer. I know /have known her very well.

3. Jane is our customer. I know/have known her for a long time.

4. Mike works/has in a hotel now. He likes his job.

5. How long do you live/have you lived in this town?- About 5 years.

6. Is it your new car? – No, I have /have had it for two years.

7. Bill is /has been in London at the moment. He is/has been there for the last two days.

8. I  lost /have lost  the brochure.  I can’t find it anywhere.

9. Clare worked/has worked in the bank for 12 years. Then she gave it up.

10.I don’t know this company. We never did/have done business with them.

11. Is the manager in? No, he went/has gone out.

12. Do you know about Sue? She gave up/has given up her job.

13. They are still having talks. They didn’t finish/haven’t finished to discuss the prices yet.

14. The customer gave/has given me his business card but I’m afraid I lost/have lost it.

15. I didn’t have/haven’t had a holiday for five years.

16. The office is dirty. We didn’t clean/haven’t cleaned it for ages.

17. They set up/have set up the company in 1999.

Section B

Text

AT  THE  EXHIBITION

In the commercial world today trade fairs and exhibitions are very important for business contacts. They offer exporters an opportunity to show what they have for sale, to make contacts and to learn about a market quickly and easily.

Russia is a regular participant of almost all international fairs and exhibitions. At the same time Russia arranges international and foreign exhibitions.

CHARMA

Good morning, Mr Somov.

SOMOV

Good morning, Mr Charma. I’m glad to see you. Have you been to our pavilion?

CHARMA

Yes, we’ve just seen your display. It’s wonderful. Your latest models of agricultural equipment are particularly good.

SOMOV

Have you seen them in operation?

CHARMA

Yes, we have. Does the equipment go for export?

SOMOV

Yes, we’ve sold it to many countries.

CHARMA

Your agricultural equipment meets our requirements. Our government is paying much attention to the development of the agricultural sector of our economy so the demand for the equipment will be high.

SOMOV

Fine. If you are really interested in our equipment we can set up a joint venture for the production of agricultural equipment in your country. It’ll be mutually beneficial.

CHARMA

An excellent idea!

SOMOV

Then let’s continue our talks in the Director’s office and discuss the matter in detail there.

Vocabulary

attention n – внимание 

pay attention – уделять внимание

beneficial a – выгодный 

commercial a –  коммерческий

contact n  – контакт

make contacts – установить контакты, связаться с к.-л.

detail n – деталь 

in detail – в деталях 

development n – развитие 

display n – показ, экспозиция

easily adv – легко, просто

excellent a – отличный

exhibition n – выставка

fair n –  ярмарка

government n – правительство

interested a – заинтересованный

be interested in – интересоваться ч.-л.

international a – международный

joint venture n – совместное предприятие

latest n – последний 

mutually adv– взаимно 

offer v – предлагать

opportunity n – возможность, шанс

participant n – участник

particularly adv – особенно

production n – производство

quickly adv – быстро

regular a – регулярный, постоянный

requirement n – требование

meet requirements – отвечать требованиям

sale n – продажа 

be for sale –  продаваться

for sale – на продажу

sector n  – сектор

set up v – основать, учредить

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

  1.  Why are fairs and exhibitions important for business?
  2.  What equipment does the Russian company show at the exhibition?
  3.  Has Mr. Charma seen Russian display yet?
  4.  Which model does Mr. Charma like most?
  5.  Does the Russian company export their equipment?
  6.  Is the equipment of high quality?
  7.  Why does Mr. Charma need this equipment?
  8.  What offer does Mr. Somov make to Mr. Charma?
  9.  Where are they going to have talks?

II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.

  1.  Trade fairs are very important for business.
  2.  At exhibitions businessmen usually make contacts.
  3.  Russian firms attend and arrange a lot of exhibitions.
  4.  Mr. Charma likes Russian pavilion.
  5.  He is particularly interested in electronic equipment.
  6.  The Russian company doesn’t show its equipment in operation.
  7.  The Russian company sells its equipment abroad.
  8.  Russian equipment meets Mr. Charma’s requirements.
  9.  The two companies are going to establish business relations.
  10.  Mr. Somov and Mr. Charma are going to sign a contract in the Director’s office.

III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.

  1.  agricultural
  2.  commercial
  3.  demand
  4.  interested
  5.  mutually
  6.  to continue
  7.  to discuss in
  8.  to make
  9.  to meet
  10.  to pay
  11.  trade

attention

beneficial

contacts

detail

equipment

fair

for goods

in cooperation

requirements

talks

world

IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.

  1.  Trade fairs are very important ___ business contacts __ the commercial world.
  2.  Do you know what our British partners have ___ sale?
  3.  At the exhibition we learnt much ____ your goods.
  4.  Have you been ___ Britain this year?
  5.  This model doesn’t go ___ export yet.
  6.  We pay much attention ___ training ___ our personnel.
  7.  The demand ___ this type of equipment is very high ___ Russia.
  8.  Are you interested ___ business contacts ___ Doyle&Co?
  9.  We organized a joint venture ___ our German partners ____ production ___ chemical equipment ___ Russia.
  10.  Have you discussed all the terms ___ the contract __ detail?

V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.

attention      details      development      exhibition      interested       mutually       offer      regular requirements

  1.  Mr. Barnaby visited a very interesting _______ last week.
  2.  Your equipment is of high quality and meets all our ________.
  3.  We pay much ________ to the quality of our goods.
  4.  I hope our cooperation will be _______ beneficial.
  5.  We invest a lot in _______ of electronic industry.
  6.  We can ________ you our new Model A7.
  7.  We are particularly ________ in making contacts with White&Co.
  8.  Let’s discuss some _______ of the contract.
  9.  You are our _______  customer, so we can reduce the price for Model HB9.


Упражнения для самостоятельной работы

Упражнение № 1

Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола  в Present  Simple 

1.What  … your  price ? ( be )

2. We usually  … talks  on  Monday . ( have )

3. His  office  hours … at  9 o ‘clock . ( begin )

4. She  often  … her office  very late . ( leave )

5. What … you  always … with your customers ? ( discuss )

6. Their terms … good . ( be )

7. This  cable … urgent .(be )

8. Who … through  the  mail  every  morning  ? ( look )

9. She … 3  languages .( speak )

10. Our  foreign  trade  firm … ready  to  discuss  business  with  you .

Упражнение  №  2

Заполните  пропуски,  используя  конструкцию   there  is /  there  are  

  1.  Look ! … some  contracts  on  the  desk .
  2.  It’s a very  large  company . …a lot  of  departments  in  it .
  3.  … not  any  black  telephone  near  the computer .
  4.  … many  competent  inspectors  at  the  plant  now .
  5.  … any  coffee – machine  on  that  desk ?
  6.  … any  queries  on the  contract  terms ?
  7.  … a secretary  in  the  conference  room .
  8.  … no  urgent  faxes  on  her  desk .
  9.  … any  foreign  customers  in  his  office ?
  10.  … little  mail  today , just  a  few  letters .

Упражнение  №  3

Опровергните  данные  утверждения. Поставьте  глаголы , данные  в скобках, в соответствующую  форму  Present  Continuous

  1.  The  engineers  are  testing  the  machine . ( No. do  the  training  course )
  2.  Our  supplier  is  exporting  goods  France . ( No. import  from  England )
  3.  They  are  building  a  new  plant . ( No. improve the  old  plant )
  4.  The  exporters  are  reducing  the  price  for  copiers .( No.increase  by  3 % )
  5.  I  am  making phone  calls  now . (No. meet  the  customers )
  6.  His  colleagues  are  travelling  now . ( No. attend  the  conference )
  7.  We  are  placing  3  orders  with  your  company . ( No. place  only 2 )
  8.  She  is  discussing  prices  with  our  customers .( No. arrange  a  meeting  with  them )
  9.  Our  specialists  are  operating  computers . ( No . only  test  them  now )
  10.  Their  company  is  investing  a  lot  of  money . ( No. still  wait  for  consultant’s  advice)

Упражнение  № 4

Перепишите  предложения, поставьте глаголы, данные  в  скобках, в соответствующую форму  Past  Simple 

  1.  He  ( speak ) to  the  economists  last  Friday .
  2.  The  quality  of  their  previous  goods  ( be ) low.
  3.  In  1998  they  ( not , do ) business  with  French  companies .
  4.  She  ( go ) on  business  to  London  yesterday .
  5.  Two  days  ago  they  ( offer ) us  to  establish  business  relations .
  6.  The  government  (not ,  set  up ) a  new  joint  venture  a  month  ago.
  7.  Last  year  they  ( give ) him  a  big  discount .
  8.  She  ( look ) through  these  catalogues  the  day  before  yesterday .
  9.  Mr  Brown  ( attend ) the  last  conference ? – I  think  he  did .
  10.  They  ( discuss ) the  terms  of  payment  the  other  day ? – I  don’t  think  so .

Упражнение  № 5

Задайте  вопросы  к  следующим  предложениям, начиная  их  словами,  данными  в  скобках.

Образец : We  have  discussed  this  matter .( What ? )

– What  have  we  discussed ?

  1.  They  have  just  studied  your  catalogues . ( What ?)
  2.  We  haven’t  started  the  talks  yet .( Who ?)
  3.  The  director  has  taken  the  contracts  to  his  office . (Where ?)
  4.  She  is  busy , so  she  hasn’t  come  to  the  conference . ( Why?)
  5.  He  has  sent  5  orders . ( How  many  ?)
  6.  Mr  Bell  has  paid  much  attention  to  their  offer . ( What … to ?)
  7.  The  manager  has  made  good  contacts  with  our  suppliers. ( Who … with ?)
  8.  This  company  has  displayed  up-to-date  models .( What  models ?)
  9.  They  have  invested  1 mln  dollars  so far . ( How  much ?)
  10.  The  demand  for  our  goods  has  increased  lately .( What ?)

Упражнение  №  6

Выполните  упражнение , выбрав  правильный  вариант

  1.  Great  Britain  … a  highly  industrialized  country .

a) is                          b) was                        c) is being

2. We  … to  your  terms  of  payment .

a) aren’t agree           b) doesn’t  agree       c) don’t  agree

3.There  … matters  to  discuss  at  the  talks.

a) is, some                 b) are, any                 c) are, some

4. She  makes  few  calls  on  Sunday , …?

a) doesn’t  she            b) isn’t  she               c) does she

5.He  … a  conference  right  now .

a) attends                    b) is attending           c) to  attend

6. The  economic  relations  … from  year  to  year.

a) develop                   b) have  developed    c) are  developing

7. … you  display  your  new  model  at  the  exhibition  last  month ?

a) did                           b) aren’t                     c) have  

8. We … not  pleased  with  our  last  talks .

a) did                            b) were                      c) have  been

9. She  … paid  any  attention  to  their  enquiry .

a) wasn’t                       b) hasn’t                    c) didn’t

10. … you  met  General  Manager  yet ?

a)have                               b) did                          c) are

11.Mr  Dunn  … already  signed  all  the  contracts .

a) is                                   b) has                          c) was

12…. there  … progress  in  your  studies ?

a) are , any                        b) is, any                     c) is, some

13. Is  there  … in  the  development  department ?

a) somebody                      b) anybody                 c)nobody

14. You  don’t  purchase  low  quality  goods , … ?

a) do  you                           b) don’t  you               c) aren’t  you

15. Our  lawyers …  very  qualified  so  far .

a) are being                         b) have  been              c) were

16. … your  department … much  progress  in  total  sales  lately?

a) is  making                        b) has  made               c)makes

17. What … you  sometimes  advise  your  clients ?

a) is                                      b) have                        c) do

18. Who  usually  … meetings  in  your  office ?

a) arranges                            b) is  arranging           c) was  arranging

19. Panasonic  … a  lot  of   computers  at  the  last  exhibition .

a) has  sold                            b) sold                         c) is  sold

20. There  … a  telephone , 2  files  and  some  price  lists  on  the  desk .

a) are                                      b) is  being                  c) is


Контрольная работа №1

Для успешного  выполнения  контрольной работы вам необходимо проработать следующие  разделы  грамматики:

Present  Simple

Present  Continuous

Конструкция  there is / there are

much/many. (a) few , (a) little

Местоимения  some / any / no

Past  Simple

Present  Perfect

Задание  №1 Перепишите  предложения , поставив данный в скобках  глагол  в нужное  время:

1. Volkov  (  be ) a manager  of  this  company.

2. His  secretary (be ) in  time  for  work.

3. Where  (be ) the  customers ? – They  (be ) in the conference – room.

4. I  (be  )  usually  at  home  on Sundays .

5. Where  (  be  )  they  from ?- He  (be  )  from  London  and  she  (  be ) from  Paris .

6. What  (  be  )  their  terms  of  payment ?

7. How   (be ) the  things  ? – Fine , thank  you.

8. Why  (be ) they  abroad  ? –They  (be  )  on business there .

9. You  (  be ) ready  for  the  talks  ?

10. Whose offers  (be )  these ? – They (be ) my  offers.

Задание№2  Выберите  нужную  форму  вспомогательного   глагола  из  предложенных  вариантов:

1. The   price  …  high .                                                                             a) don’t

2. We  …  usually  quote  a  high  price .                                                   b) doesn’t

                                                                                                                   c) isn’t

3.How  much … their  goods ?                                                                   a) are

4. how  much … we  pay  for  their  goods ?                                              b) does

                                                                                                                   c) do

5. I … often  stay  at  work  after 8 p.m.                                                     a) doesn’t

6. I … often  at  work  after  8 p.m.                                                             b) am  not

                                                                                                                    c) don’t

7. He  … usually  have  talks  at  4 p.m.                                                      a) don’t

8. He  … usually  at  talks  at   4 p.m.                                                          b) isn’t

                                                                                                                   c) doesn’t

9.Who  … she  send  e-mails  to ?                                                              a) do

10) Who …  these  e-mails  for ?                                                                  b) does

                                                                                                                   c) are 

Задание№ 3 Выберите  правильный  вариант ( Present   Simple  или  Present  Continuous )   для  глагола,  стоящего  в  скобках:

1.The  Supplier  (usually /not / agree) to  reduce  the  price .

A. is not usually  agreeing                B. doesn’t  usually  agree

2.Where is  Mr  Dunn?  He (discuss) our industrial  investment  policy  with  the  partners.

A. discusses                                      B. is  discussing

3.They  always  (purchase) new  models .

     A. don’t  always  purchase             B. are  not  always  purchasing

4.Please , call a  bit  later.  Jane  (have  a  shower) .

A. is  having                                   B. Has

5.He  (attend) different  conferences  every  year.

A. is  attending                              B. attends

6.Mr  Brown  is  at  the  tests . They  (inspect)  the  equipment .

A. test                                           B. are testing

7.What  (be) his  position  in  the  company  now ?

A. is  being                                   B. is

Задание№ 4

Перепишите  предложения, подчеркните  выбранную вами  форму  глагола  (варианты  даны  в  скобках):

1.You  (have  / have  got ) talks  with  your  business  partners every  week ?

2.He ( has / has  got ) a  phone  on  his  desk ?

3.We  (  haven’t got /  haven’t) 500 employees . We ( have / have  got ) only  300 .

4. Where is  our  sales  manager ?   – He  ( is  having  got /  is having)  a business  meeting  with  the  clients at  the  moment .

5. He  usually  ( has  /  has  got )  breakfast  at  7  in  the  morning .

6. I  ( have  got /  have  )  a  bath  in  my  flat.

7. She  always  (  has  got /  has  )  a  bath  in  the  evening .

Задание  № 5 Соедините  две  части  предложения, используя  some , any , no. Следуйте  образцу .

Образец  : Today  I  am  going  to  make   …       /        business  appointments

Today  I   am  going  to  make  some  business  appointments.

1. He  is  tired. He  doesn’t  want  to  discuss …     /  business   matters  today.

2. She  is  not  interested  in  … /  new  models.

3. Are  you  going  to  look  through  …  /  enquires ?

4. We  are  going  to  visit  …/ plants  outside  London.

5. Have  you  got  …/ equipment  to  offer ?

6. They  haven’t  got  … / offers  from  British  companies.

7. You  have  … / contracts  with  Green  and  Co .

8. Would  you  like  … /  coffee ?

9. Can  I  have  …/ cake , please ?

10. You  can  discuss  …/ matter  you  like .

Задание №6 

A. Задайте  вопросы  к  следующим  утверждениям,  затем  ответьте  на  них  согласно  образцу.

Образец : There are not  any  engineers  in  the  conference  room.

                 - Are  there  any  engineers  in  the  conference   room ?

                  - No,  there are  not  ( aren’t )  any.

There  is  a  mobile  phone  on  his  desk

Is  there  a  mobile  phone  on  his  desk ?

Yes, there  is.

1. There are  not  any  files  on  her  desk.

2. There  are  some meetings  tomorrow.

3. There  is  an  enquiry  near  the  computer.

4. There  is  a  copier  in  the  office.

B.  Вставьте   there  is  /  there  are  :

1. Look !  It  is   her  office.  2. … a  large  desk  near  the  window. 3. … a  computer  and  two  telephones  on  the  desk.    4. …some   offers  and  enquiries  near  the  computer.   5. … some  chairs  for  visitors  at  the  wall.    6. … a  file- cabinet  in  the  corner.

Задание  № 7 Выберите  нужный  вариант  

А . much            B. many            C. little       D. few           E. a little         F. a few

1. Thank  you  very …  .

2. The  manager  doesn’t  usually  receive  … offers.

3. There  isn’t  … furniture  in  the  room.

4. Has  the  company  got  … orders ?  - No, only  …  .

5. Would  you  like  some  more  coffee ? – No, thank you,  I’ve got  …  .

6. Does  the  secretary  speak  …  on  the  phone  ? – No, only  …  .

7. I  haven’t  got  … time, I  have  … things  to  do.

8. Is  there  … equipment  in  your  office ?   -  No, very …  .

Задание № 8   Откройте  скобки , поставив  глагол  в  прошедшее время          ( Past  Simple  )

1. Mr  Petrov  is  not  in  the  office . He  (  go ) on  business yesterday.

2. Where  is  the  General  Manager  ? – I  don’t  know. I  (  see ) him  in  the  conference  room  30  minutes  ago.

3. Last  year  their  company  (  do  ) good  business  with  French  partners  .

4. How  ( get ) you  to  the  plant  last  Monday ? Our  engineer  (  give ) me  a  lift.

5. The  suppliers  ( not  agree )  to  give  us  a  discount  as  the  prices  on  the  market  ( grow ) last  spring.

6. How  many  machines  ( buy ) from  Sony  the  other  day ?

7. She  ( be  )  our  financial  consultant  in  1998.

8. They  ( not , reduce ) the  price, so  we  ( decide )  to  look  for  new  partners.

Задание  № 9   Выберите  верный  вариант:  Present  Perfect  /  Past  Simple 

1. Last  year’s  exhibition  … very  popular  with  visitors.

a) was                        b) did                           c) has  been

2. They  … just   much  attention  to  our  goods  on  display .

a) paid                        b) have  paid                 c) were

3. We  …   any  joint  venture  last  year .

a) haven’t  set  up        b) weren’t  set  up         c) didn’t  set  up

4. He  …  already  about  that  fair  in  detail.

a) told                      b) has  told                   c)was  told  

   5. The  day  before  yesterday  we …  a  contract  with  Puma  company .

     a) made                           b) have  made              c) has  made

 

6. Their  Sales  Manager  … interested  in  business  contacts  with  this  company  lately .

    a) became                              b) has  become                c) have  become

 7. Your  equipment  … requirements  of  your  previous  customers?

a) did , meet                           b) has  being   meet       c)  was  meeting

8.You  … ever  participants  of  any  international  exhibition?

a) have been                            b) has  being                    c)  did  

Задании №  10.  Прочитайте  текст  и  переведите  его  письменно.

Mary  Smith  is  an  applicant  for  a  post  of  a  secretary  in  Kerr  company. She  has  applied  for  the  post  and  now  Mr  Brown, the  head  of  the  Human  Resources  department  is  interviewing her. He  has  read  her  letter  of  application  and  now  he  wants  to  ask  her  some  questions.

Mary  likes  her  present  work  but  her  company  is  closing  the  office  in  this  town. She  doesn’t  have  any  experience  in  the  business  of  selling  optical  equipment.  However, her  brother  is  an  optician  and  he  will  help  her .

Unfortunately,  she  doesn’t  know  German,  as  she  didn’t  learn  it  at  school. At  the  same  time, she  has  been  to  Austria  and  Germany  a  few  times  on  holiday , and  has  learnt  a  little.  So,  she  speaks  a  bit .

After  the  interview  Mr.  Brown  promised  to  get  in  touch  with  her  later.

Задание  №  11.  Ответьте  на  вопросы  по  тексту:   

1. What  post  does  Mary  apply  for ?

2. Why  has  she  applied  for   the  post  in  this  company ?

3. Who  is  interviewing  her  ?

4. What  equipment  does  Kerr  company  sell?

5. Who  will give  Mary  a  helping  hand  in  her  new  occupation ?

6. Why  will her  brother  help  her ?

7. What  language  didn’t  she  learn  at  school ?

8. What  did  Mr. Brown promise  to  do  after  the  interview ?

PAGE  43




1. Местное самоуправление и демократия
2. по теме- ldquo;ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯrdquo; Студе
3. тематика простейших представители их роль в природе.
4. то вроде школы и я не получу зачет если не буду тщательно конспектировать
5. ТЕМАХ ЩІЛИН У ХВИЛЕВОДАХ З ДОВІЛЬНИМИ НАВАНТАЖЕННЯМИ 01
6. Газпром Роснефть и Лукойл Структура нефтегазовой отрасли в последние годы претерпевает серьезные и
7. Издательство НЦ ЭНАС ISBN 9785498074733 ИД Питер Александр Никонов ~ убежденный атеист и известный специ
8. вагон станция отправления Б
9. Открытие Америки
10. м из путешествия в Крым проследовала через Курское наместничество
11. тематических методов и моделей определяющих функциональные возможности системы состав используемых д
12. Реорганизация юридических лиц
13. РЕФЕРАТ дисертації на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук Кіровоград2001
14. Использование специальных знаний при расследовании преступлений
15. Методы политологических исследований
16. Тема03 ~ntrebre 35. На какие типы подразделяются прудовые хозяйства Vrinte de r~spuns- 1.
17. Зеркало для Лондона и Англии 1592 г
18. Литература - Топографическая анатомия общие принципы ампутаций и экзаркуляций
19. Эпоха Павла I в русской исторической науке
20. тема сохранения жизни и здоровья работников в процессе их трудовой деятельности а охрана труда б бе

Материалы собраны группой SamZan и находятся в свободном доступе