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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ТРАНСПОРТА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО МОРСКОГО И РЕЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ МОРСКОЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
ИМЕНИ АДМИРАЛА Ф. Ф. УШАКОВА»
С. Г. Гаврилова, Н. П. Петрова
ГРАММАТИКА
АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
РАБОЧАЯ ТЕТРАДЬ
Новороссийск
2013
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Учебное пособие «Грамматика английского языка: рабочая тетрадь» подготовлено в соответствии с рабочей программой дисциплины «Иностранный язык» и предназначено для курсантов 1 курса морского транспортного вуза Российской Федерации, обучающихся по следующим специальностям и профилям подготовки: «Экономика и управление на предприятии (транспорт)», «Правовое регулирование хозяйственной деятельности», «Технология транспортных процессов», «Производственный менеджмент», «Управление персоналом», «Управление качеством», «Экономика предприятий и организаций», а так же для лиц, желающих улучшить свои знания грамматики, расширить свой словарный запас, приобрести навыки устной и письменной речи, перевода с английского языка на русский и с русского языка на английский.
Данное пособие содержит комплекс грамматических упражнений по основным темам грамматики английского языка.
Цель данного пособия - дать систему тренировочных упражнений и обеспечить практику употребления сложных грамматических явлений.
Задача учебного пособия – помочь студентам и курсантам познакомиться с грамматическим строем языка, приобрести дополнительный запас слов.
Учебное пособие рассчитано на 34 часа аудиторных занятий, а также может быть использовано для самостоятельной работы.
Структурно учебное пособие построено в порядке нарастания трудностей: от ознакомительных упражнений до перевода с русского на английский язык. В процессе изучения грамматического материала студенты и курсанты могут выполнять упражнения письменно, в специально предусмотренных для этого строках и пропусках. В конце пособия даются ключи для самостоятельной оценки правильности выполнения заданий.
Unit 1. Неопределенный артикль, глагол «to be» - отрицательные и вопросительные предложения, повелительное наклонение.
EXERCISE 1. Use a/an in the following. Otherwise, make the symbol «-» to show that no article is necessary.
EXERCISE 2. Give the correct form of the verb «to be».
EXERCISE 3. Переделайте следующие предложения в отрицательные и вопросительные.
EXERCISE 4. Make an information question. Use where? Why? What?
1. The cargo is on board. (Where?) ______________________________________
2. My friend is ready for the lesson. (Why?) _______________________________
3. Nick is the second mate. (What?) _____________________________________
4. My brother is a radio-man. (Why?) ____________________________________
5. Mary is on the deck. (Where?) _______________________________________
6. The cadets are in a big tent. (Where?) __________________________________
7. The load of timber is on the deck. (What kind of…?) _______________________
8. His ship is at sea. (Why?) ____________________________________________
9. Their children are at school . (Where?)__________________________________
10. My group-mates are free today. (Why?) _______________________________
11. Ivanov and Sidorov are late. (Why?) __________________________________
12. This cadet is on leave. (Where?)______________________________________
13. He is a first-year cadet. (Who?) _____________________________________
14. They are ready for the lesson. (Why?) _________________________________
EXERCISE 5. Make up questions:
1. The load of timber is on the deck.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
2. His ship is at sea.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
3. He is a sailor.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
4. They are ready for the lesson.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
5. It is a new motor-vessel.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
6. My group-mates are free today.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
7. He is a first-year cadet.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
8. It is a leaky barrel.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
9. It is a deep sea.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
10. It is a rusty tube.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
11. Nick is a second mate.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
EXERCISE 6. Make negative statements. Translate into English each sentence.
1. Call at the port! ___________________________________________________
2. Come into the tent! ________________________________________________
3. Leave the port! ___________________________________________________
4. Speak English! ___________________________________________________
5. Take a fine tie! ___________________________________________________
6. Wash the deck! ___________________________________________________
7. Go to the engine-room! _____________________________________________
8. Lend me a pen! ___________________________________________________
9. Give me tea! _____________________________________________________
10. Go to the deck!___________________________________________________
EXERCISE 7. Translate the sentences into English:
|
1. Это корабль. Это красивый и новый корабль. ______________________________________________________ 2. Это палуба. Она чистая. Проходи на палубу! ______________________________________________________ 3. Это море. Это глубокое море! Я люблю море! ______________________________________________________ 4. Это новый теплоход. ______________________________________________________ 5. Это протекающая бочка. Я вижу течь. ______________________________________________________ |
UNIT 2.
PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
Настоящее неопределенное время
EXERCISE 1. Give the correct form of the Present Indefinite Tense of the verb in brackets.
1. My Captain _____________ guitar every evening (play).
2. Sometimes our crew _____________ a pilot (need).
3. He usually _____________ on a Ladoga-type ship (sail).
4. Your captain always _____________ English (speak).
5. Mike and his family _____________ in St. Petersburg (live), but sometimes they _____________ to see their parents in the country (go).
6. The cadets __________ to sea on Sundays (put).
7. Mike _____________ to be a seamen (like).
8. They _____________ sand in bulk (load).
9. Our ship often _____________ at this port (call).
10. The dockers always ___________ empty drums aside (put).
EXERCISE 2. Read the sentences and correct them as the information is wrong. Write two correct sentences.
Model: He sails on a ship of our Shipping Company.
He doesn’t sail on a ship of our Shipping Company.
He sails on a ship of the North-Western River Shipping Company.
1. My ship sails from London to Oslo. ___________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. Nick sails on a motor-vessel. ________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
3. They need bread and meat. __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
4. The ship takes a load of paper and timber in London. ____________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. The dockers load sand in bulk. ______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
6. My captain speaks Spanish. __________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
7. This time suits me. _________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 3. Make up questions:
1. Our ship often calls at this port.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
2. The cadets put to sea on Sundays.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
3. The ship takes a load of timber in St. Petersburg.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
4. They go to see their parents in the country.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
5. Mike likes to be a seaman.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
6. Mike and his family live in St. Petersburg.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
7. The dockers load cotton in bales.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
8. They load dry sand in bulk.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
9. My ship sails from London to Helsinki.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
10. Nick sails on a Ladoga-type ship.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4. Supply the Present Indefinite forms of the verbs in the box.
|
call for, live, take, need, call at, go, put, play, load, sail, put to sea, |
1. H e usually ________ on a Ladoga-type ship.
2. Mike and his family _____ in St. Petersburg, but they sometimes _____ to see their parents in the country.
3. The cadets _______ on Sundays?
4. They _____ sand in bulk.
5. Our ship often _____ this port.
6. The dockers always _____ empty drums aside.
7. The ship ______ a load of timber in Novorossiysk.
8. My ship ______ fuel oil.
9. My Captain ______ guitar every evening.
10. Sometimes our crew _______ a pilot.
EXERCISE 5. Translate the sentences into English:
|
1. Он обычно плавает на судне типа Ладога. ______________________________________________________ 2. Наше судно часто заходит в этот порт. ______________________________________________________ 3. Они грузят песок насыпью и хлопок в тиках. ______________________________________________________ 4. Моему кораблю нужно жидкое топливо. ______________________________________________________ 5. Корабль берет груз леса в Новороссийске. ______________________________________________________ 6. Мы всегда откладываем пустые бочки в сторону. ______________________________________________________ 7. Наш капитан говорит на английском языке. ______________________________________________________ 8. Наш корабль плавает из Лондона в Осло. ______________________________________________________ 9. Майк и его семья живут за городом. ______________________________________________________ 10. Курсанты выходят в море по воскресеньям. ______________________________________________________ |
UNIT 3.
Предлоги времени, места и направления
EXERCISE 1. Insert the prepositions on; to; from; at; in.
________ the sofa.
9. They go to see their parents ____ ____ the country.
10. The load of timber is _______ the deck.
11. His ship is _____ sea.
12. Their children are ____ school .
EXERCISE 2. Insert the appropriate preposition.
1. ____ Sunday; 2. ___ 5 o’clock; 3. _____ board; 4. _____ an university; 5. __ the factory; 6. ____ the meeting; 7. ___ sea; 8. ___ summer; 9. ___ the office; 10. ___ my day off; 11. ____ May; 12. ____ the second of January; 13. ____ the deck; 14. ___ the lesson; 15. ___ Tuesday; 16. ___ the bottom of the hold; 17. ___ slow speed; 18. ____ shipper’s risk; 19. ____ the port.
EXERCISE 3. Translate the word combinations.
1. на малом ходу; 2. в пятницу; 3. доклад о текущих событиях; 4. на расстоянии; 5. книга по специальности; 6. за ваше предложение; 7. на риск грузоотправителя; 8. плыть на судне; 9. вызвать лоцмана; 10. в Крым на неделю; 11. в море; 12. статья о зимней навигации; 13. в выходной.
TEST YOURSELF
Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary:
Nick sails _____ a motor vessel.
Take a seat, please, and be _____ ease.
Please come _____ my office _____ 10 o'clock _____ Monday.
I'd like to go _____ California _____ summer.
The heavy lift is _____ the bottom _____ the hold 2.
6. The captain is responsible _____ the cargo.
7. I am not good _____ economics.
16. The stevedore has some claims _____ the state _____ the holds.
17. We always buy provisions _____ this prices.
18. I usually prefer cheese _____ ham.
19. He is often late and we have to wait _____ him.
20. Do you listen _____ the latest news _____ the morning or _____ the
evening? - Both. I listen _____ the news twice _____ a day.
21. We can't agree _____ your terms.
UNIT 4.
Определенный артикль, указательные местоимения this, that,
глагол to have.
EXERCISE 1. Use a/an or the in the following. Otherwise, make the symbol «-» to show that no article is necessary.
EXERCISE 2. Use a or the in the following. Otherwise, make the symbol «-» to show that no article is necessary.
1. My ship sails from ____ St. Peterburg to ____ London.
2. Sochi is ____ nice resort on ____ coast of ____ Black Sea
3. ____ Russian Federation is ____ largest country in ____ world.
4. Our country borders on ____ Lithuania, ____ Estonia, ____ Finland, ____ Poland, ____ Belorussia and ____ Ukraine in ____ west.
5. You can meet our ships in ____ Atlantic, ____ Pacific, ____ Indian and ____ Arctic Oceans.
6. ____ Baikal is ____ deepest lake in ____ our country.
7. This is____strait between ____ England and ____ France.
8. ____ moon is round.
9. ____ Trafalgar Square is ____ geographical centre of ____ London.
10. ____ Queen Elizabeth II won't speak on TV tomorrow.
11. ____ Urals are old and not very high.
12. Two of ____ my friends entered ____ Moscow State University last year.
13. How much does it cost to stay at ____ Grand Hotel.
EXERCISE 3. Make negative statements.
1. This is a ship. The ship is old.
__________________________________________________________________
2. This is an old boat. It is at sea.
__________________________________________________________________
3. This is a hold. The hold is dry.
__________________________________________________________________
4. This is a crane. The crane is new. This is a new crane.
__________________________________________________________________
5. This is my friend. He is a third mate.
__________________________________________________________________
6. This is a captain. The captain is on the bridge.
__________________________________________________________________
7. This is a cadet. This is a good cadet. ___________________________________
EXERCISE 4. Употребите указательные местоимения во множественном числе.
Model: This is a ship. ____These are ships.
That is a life-boat. ______Those are life-boats.
EXERCISE 5. Translate the sentences into English:
|
1. Наш капитан сейчас на мостике. ___________________________________________________ 2. Это морская карта. Она находится на столе. ___________________________________________________ 3. Это машинное отделение. ___________________________________________________ 4. Мой друг – не капитан, он – второй помощник капитана. ___________________________________________________ 5. Это красивый корабль, а то – спасательные шлюпки. ___________________________________________________ 6. Этот трюм чистый, а тот грязный. ___________________________________________________ 7. Эти крюки ржавые. ___________________________________________________ |
TEST YOURSELF
1. Your ___ cup of ___ tea is rather ___ hot.
a) a; the; a b) -; -; -; c) -; the; -;
2. I like ___ tea and ___ milk. I see ___ bottle of milk on ___ table.
a) -; -; a; the b) a; a; a; the c) -; -; a; a;
3. Mike sails on ___ big liner. ___ liner is not old. It is ___ good big vessel.
a) a; the; -; b) a; -; the; c) a; the; a;
4. This is torn bale in this lot.
a) - b) a c) the
5. This is ___ neat hold.
a) the b) a c) –
6. This is ___ soup. ___ soup is tasty.
a) -; the b) -; -; c) a; the
7. ___ Sugar is ___ sweet.
a) the; a; b) -; the; c) -; -
8. Give me ___ pen, please!
a) a b) the c) -
9. His ship takes ___ load of ___ paper and ___ timber in ___ London.
a) a; -; -; -; b) a; -; the;- c) a; -; a; -
10. Today is ___ first of ___ January.
a) -; -; b) a; the c) the; -
11. I have ___ black and ___ blue pen.
a) -; -; b) a; a; c) the; a
12. Ann, put ___ kettle on ___ stove, please?
a) a; - b) the; the; c) the; a
Глагол to have (got )
EXERCISE 1. Insert the verb have got or has got.
Model: He ____has got___ a new crane in their port.
I ______have got____ a chart on the table.
EXERCISE 2. Make negative statements.
Model: She has got three mistakes in her test.
She hasn’t got three mistakes in her test.
1. She has got some English magazines. __________________________________
2. I have got some interests. __________________________________________ _
3. The vessel has got a load of sand on the deck. ___________________________
4. They have got a cargo of ore on board. _________________________________
5. Hold №1 has got cotton in bale, sugar in bags and coffee beans in boxes.
__________________________________________________________________
6. Mike’s ship has got five holds. _______________________________________
7. They have got a big box and a bag on deck. _____________________________
8. They have got a cargo of timber on the board. ___________________________
9. We have got some information on these events. __________________________
10. She has got a shortage of five bags in this lot. __________________________
EXERCISE 3. Make up questions:
1. He has got a new crane in their port.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
2. They have got a cargo of ore on board.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
3. The crew has got a cargo of timber on the board.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
4. We have got some information on these events.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
5. I have got some interests.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
UNIT 5.
Оборот there is/ there are
EXERCISE 1. Преобразуйте предложения, используя оборот there is / there are.
Model: I see a picture on the wall.
There is a picture on the wall.
1. We have got many cargoes on board. __________________________________
2. I have got a chart on the table. ________________________________________
3. This lot has got 7 torn bales. ________________________________________
4. They have got many pets at home. ____________________________________
5. She has got three mistakes in her test. __________________________________
6. We have got a shortage of cargo under this Bill of Lading?_________________
__________________________________________________________________
7. I have got 5 mistakes in my tally. _____________________________________
8. They have got many rusty tubes on board. ______________________________
9. We see many countries on this map. ___________________________________
10. I see one sentence on the blackboard. _________________________________
EXERCISE 2. Put questions to the underlined words using the words in the right order.
Model: There is coffee in the cup. - What is there in the cup?
1. There is cargo in the hold. - _________________________________________?
1. there 3. are 5. When 7. What 9. in
2. the hold 4. is 6.cargo 8. How
2. There is a map of America on the wall. - _______________________________?
1. is 3. Where 5. on 7. at 9. When
2. the wall 4. map 6. What 8. there
3. There are three decks in this ship. - ___________________________________?
1. decks 3. What 5. this 7. How 9. are
2. there 4. many 6. in 8. much 10. ship
4. There are dangers to navigation. - ____________________________________?
1. there 3. To navigation 5. are 7. is 9. in
2. What 4. Who 6. When 8.dangers
5. There is some furniture in the sitting room. - ___________________________?
1. there 3. are 5. in 7. many 9. the sitting room
2. furniture 4. How 6. much 8. is 10. What
6. There are oncoming vessels ahead. - __________________________________?
1. there 3. ahead 5. is 7. What 9. How
2. are 4. Where 6. ahead 8. on
7. There are some English books on the shelf. - ___________________________?
1. are 3. there 5. is 7. What 9. How
2. Who 4. books 6. the shelf 8. on
8. There are ten clean plates in the cupboard. - ____________________________
_________________________________________________________________?
1. there 3. How 5 are 7. is. 9. in
2. the cupboard 4. What 6. clean 8. Who
9.There are many people in the park because it is Sunday. - __________________
_________________________________________________________________?
1. are 3. is 5. there 7. Why 9. many
2. people 4. the park 6. in 8. What 10. Who
10. There are many dangers to navigation in autumn. - _____________________
_________________________________________________________________?
1. there 3. is 5.dangers to navigation 7. When 9. Why
2. in autumn 4. are 6 in 8. much 10.many
EXERCISE 3. Choose the right variant (there is\ there are)
1. There ... many navigational devices on board the ship.
a) is b) are
2. There ... many ways of solving such a problem.
a) is b) are
3. There ... a man on the bridge.
a) weren’t b) wasn’t
4. How many cadets ... there in your group?
a) is b) are
5. There ... much cargo left.
a) isn’t b) aren’t
6. There ... many restaurants in my town.
a) is b) are
7. I am sorry to tell you but there ... no good news for you today.
a) is b) are
8. There ... nothing he could do to prevent the collision.
a) ill be b) are c) was d) is
9. You should go. There will ... something new to learn at the meeting.
a) is b) are c) to be d) be
10. There ... cargo in the hold.
a) are b) is many c) is much d) are many
11. ... there ... here?
a) are b) somebody c) is anybody d) is somebody e) are anybody
12. There ... a lot of people at yesterday’s meeting.
a) is b) were c) was d) are
13. There ... much food left in the fridge. We should buy some.
a) isn’t b) aren’t c) is d) are
14. Jim, come here! There ... I need to talk to you.
a) are something b) is something c) is anything d) are anything
15. You didn’t understand me right. I am sure there ... some misunderstanding.
a) are b) will be c) be d) must have been
16. I’m planning to change the course. There ... a lot of dangers to navigation here.
a) is b) are c) will be d) were
17. ... there ... I can do for you?
a) Are something b) Was anything c) Is anything d) Will be
18. There ... several cabins in my ship.
a) were b) are c) is d) was
19. There ... an interesting show tomorrow.
a) Were b) will be c) are d) was
20. There ... plenty of shoals and currents in that river, when I was young.
a) were b) was c) are d) is
EXERCISE 4. Translate the sentences into English:
|
1. Трюм чистый. В нем есть груз. ______________________________________________________ 2. На борту судна было много хлопка в тюках, сахара в мешках и какао бобов в коробках. ______________________________________________________ 3. В этой партии есть бочки с течью. Уберите их в сторону! ______________________________________________________ 4. В этом канале нет опасностей. ______________________________________________________ 5. В навигации много трудностей. Управлять судном трудно! ______________________________________________________ 6. В порту было много танкеров среди судов. ______________________________________________________ |
UNIT 6.
Pronouns some, any, no
EXERCISE 1. Insert some, any, no if necessary.
1. There are _______ pilots in the port today and we can’t start entering the port. 2. There is _______ oil in the tank. Will you pump it out? 3. Please, drop _______ anchor from the bridge. 4. Can the crew have _______ rest in the port? 5. There is _______ ink in my pen. 6. Is there _______ water on board? 7. My mother likes _______ music. 8. Are there _______ chess players here? 9. There are _______ notes in the pilot book. 10. Are there _______ newspapers on the table?
EXERCISE 2. Insert something, anything, nothing или everything.
1. The old captain taught the mate _______ he knows. 2. The chief officer has a bad memory. He can’t remember _______ . 3. I think there is _______ wrong with my cargo. 4. We’ve got _______ to eat. We’ve got only _______ to drink. 5. The dockers didn’t understand _______ because they heard _______ . 6. Does he know _______ about types of cargoes? - Yes, he knows _______ because he is the best cadet in our University. 7. He felt terrible. He couldn’t do _______ else. 8. _______ is all right, the weather is much better today. 9. Is there _______ interesting in the work of a seaman? 10. I could see _______: it was quite dark.
EXERCISE 3. Insert something, anything, nothing или everything.
1. He has to go ashore. There is __________ wrong with his health. 2. I’ve had a terrible day. __________ went wrong. 3. The captain is very upset. There is __________ wrong with his ship. It needs urgent repairs. 4. His parents like doing __________: cooking, playing board games, going to museums, visiting their friends. 5.He never says __________ nice about his work of a seaman. 6. What do you want to drink? - __________ . I’m not thirsty. 7. Nobody told me __________ about his lung cancer. I could do __________ to save his life. 8. Give me __________ to read, please. - With pleasure. 9. I don’t know __________ about your work. Tell me __________ about it. 10. Please give me __________ warm: it is cold here.
UNIT 7.
Pronouns much, many, little, few
EXERCISE 1. Choose the right pronoun.
1. I am busy with the urgent repairs now. I have ________ time. 2. We like American music and we know ________ American songs. 3. There is not ________ oil in the tank. 4. His ship is small. There are ________ cabins in it. 5. Does he read ________? Yes, he does. He likes reading. 6. Are there ________ decks in your ship? - No, there aren't, only four. 7. Chinese is a very difficult language, ________ people in Europe know it. 8. English language is popular all over the world, ________ people learn it. 9. Nick does not know English well so he has ________English books. 10. Switch on the lamps, please. There is ________ light in the room, because there are ________ windows in it. 11. My friend likes Russian literature, so he has ________ Russian books. 12. I don't like to deal with her. She talks _______, but does _______.
EXERCISE 2. Choose the right pronoun from the table.
|
1. little 2. a little 3. few 4. a few |
1.There is __________ light in the cabin. It is dark. 2. We have __________ members of the crew, only fourteen. 3. We have very __________ time. 4. There are __________ rooms in their flat, only a dining room and a sitting room. 5. My friend speaks Chinese __________. 6. Do you know French well? Oh, no, only __________ words. 7. Wait __________. 8. Has the ship got many engines? - No, only __________.
|
EXERCISE 3. Choose the right pronoun from the table and translate the sentences. 1. much 2. many 3. little 4. a little 5. few 6. a few |
1. Мы потратили много времени на ремонт судна. 2. Многие люди любят путешествовать. 3. Докер знает всего несколько слов по-английски. 4. В трюме слишком много воды. 5. Немногие в Европе знают китайский. 6. Подождите немного, пожалуйста. 7. У тебя очень мало времени. 8. Как много времени уходит на разгрузку судна? 9. Этой осенью мы разгрузили много фруктов. 10. Я звонила ей много раз, но безрезультатно. 11. Как мало он знал о профессии моряка! 12. У капитана много всяких идей. 13. Он мало говорит, но много делает. 14. - Хотите кофе? - Да, немного. 15. Сколько у них навигационных приборов? 16. И сколько же все это стоит? 17. Мы видели ее несколько дней назад.
UNIT 8.
Глагол «TO BE» в прошедшем и будущем временах
EXERCISE 1. Put the general questions and give short affirmative answers.
Model: Tom is a sailor. - Is Tom a sailor? – Yes, he is.
1. The stevedore was busy yesterday. ____________________________________
2. The port of destination is Novorossiysk. ________________________________
3. It will be a severe storm tomorrow. ____________________________________
4. Chemicals and food are incompatible goods. ____________________________
5. The tallymen will check up their tallies. ________________________________
EXERCISE 2. Put the general questions and give short negative answers.
Model: Ann is a teacher.- Is Ann a teacher? – No, she is not. / No, she isn't.
1. The second mate is responsible for the cargo. ____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. The ship is in the port. ______________________________________________
3. My friends were right. ______________________________________________
4. The cargo was damaged. ____________________________________________
5. The party will be nice. ______________________________________________
6. The weather will be bad. ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 3. Put the questions to the following sentences.
1. The cadets are interested in sports. (Спросите, кто интересуется спортом.)
__________________________________________________________________
2. Nick's sisters will be in Paris tomorrow. (Спросите, будут ли сестры Ника в Париже или в Лондоне завтра.) _______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. Henry's brother is 20. (Задайте вопрос с целью подтверждения информации, что брату Генри 20 лет.) _____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. Anna's favorite color is white. (Спросите, любимый цвет Анны белый или красный.) _________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
5.Mary was afraid of mice. (Спросите, чего боялась Мэри.) _________________
__________________________________________________________________
6. His books are on the shelf. (Спросите, где находятся его книги.) ___________
__________________________________________________________________
7. Kate is twenty years old. (Спросите, сколько лет Кейт.) __________________
__________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4. Put the verb «to be» in the appropriate form.
EXERCISE 5. Translate the sentences into English:
|
1. Как вас зовут? Сколько вам лет? ______________________________________________________ 2. Вы замужем (женаты)? Вы женаты или холосты? ______________________________________________________ 3. Откуда вы? Какой ваш адрес? ______________________________________________________ 4. Вы курсант, не правда ли? Вы курсант первого или второго курса? ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 5. Какие ваши любимые предметы? В каких предметах вы хорошо разбираетесь (to be good at)? ______________________ ______________________________________________________ 6. Вам нравится английский язык, не правда ли (to be fond of)? ______________________________________________________ 7. Какие у вас хобби? Вы любите спорт? ______________________________________________________ 8. Какие ваши любимые виды спорта? ______________________________________________________ 9. Какие ваши любимые книги? ______________________________________________________ 10. Вам нравится классическая или популярная музыка? ______________________________________________________ |
UNIT 8.
МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ
EXERCISE 1. Choose the right model verb (may, might, could, should, ought to, shall, will)
1 On her way the ship ___ call at other ports.
A should B Will C could
2 Let’s ask the second mate. He ___ know what happened.
A ought B Might C might be
3 ___ we go ashore tonight?
A Shall to B Ought to C Shall
4 I don’t like this hotel. We ___ a better one.
A will have found B could have found C may have find
5 My car is broken. Don’t worry, you ___ mine.
A may take B ought take C might to take
6 It’s late already. ___ you see me home, please?
A Will B Ought C Will to
7 You ___ of your health.
A may to take care B ought take care C ought to take care
8 Where’s Mike? He ___ be having a rest in his cabin.
A might B Ought C will
9 There’s a good film on TV tonight. ___ it?
A Ought we to watch B Shall we watch C Could we watched
10 Jack ___ aggressive at times when he was a little boy.
A may be B could be C should be
11 You ___ us about your delay.
A will inform B should to inform C should have informed
12 I ___ spend my holidays in Italy. I’m not sure yet.
A might to B May C ought to
13 ___ the TV, please?
A Will you turn off B Ought you to turn off C Could you have turned off
14 Everyone ___ wash their hands before eating.
A could B Ought C ought to
15 ___ you a cup of coffee?
A Shall I make B Ought I make C Will I make
16 I’m free tomorrow morning. I ___ you the city.
A may have shown B could show C shall to show
17 Sarah ___ her bag in the shop.
A could left B shall left C might have left
18 There aren’t any free tables. We ___ one in advance.
A should reserved B ought reserve C should have reserved
19 ___ you pick up the phone, please?
A Ought B Will C Might have
20 Mary eats too much. She ___ taking exercises.
A ought to start B could to start C ought start
21 The weather promises to be fine. We ___ skiing in the forest.
A may have gone B may go C shall to go
22 We arrived late in the evening. You ___ us at the airport.
A will meet B should meet C could have met
23 The match was extremely exciting. You ___ it.
A ought to see B should have seen C should seen
24 You ___ be asked all sorts of questions. Be ready to answer!
A might B might to C ought
25 Ken didn’t pass the test. He ___ have studied better.
A shall B Will C ought to
EXERCISE 2. Complete the following sentences using the most appropriate forms of the verbs.
1. Jack has got a headache. He … keep watch well recently.
a) can’t
b) couldn’t have
c) hasn’t been able to
2. I … sleep for hours when I was a little girl.
a) could
b) am able to
c) can
3. Tom … play tennis well but he … play a game yesterday because he was ill.
a) couldn’t, could
b) can, was able
c) can, couldn’t
4. I didn’t want to be late for the meeting. We … meet at 5 sharp.
a) were to
b) had to
c) could
5. Where is the Log book? I … find it anywhere.
a) can’t
b) have to
c) needn’t
6. You … take an umbrella today. The Sun is shining.
a) needn’t
b) mustn’t
c) can’t
7. I’m sorry, you didn’t invite me to your birthday party. You … invite me next time.
a) must
b) should
c) need to
8. Well, it’s 10 o’clock. I … go now.
a) can
b) has to
c) must
9. You … smoke so much.
a) would
b) can’t
c) shouldn’t
10. We have got plenty of time. We … hurry.
a) must
b) needn’t
c) should
EXERCISE 3. Make up questions:
Общий _________________________________________________________
Специальный ___________________________________________________
Альтернативный _________________________________________________
Разделительный _________________________________________________
К подлежащему _________________________________________________
Общий _________________________________________________________
Специальный ___________________________________________________
Альтернативный _________________________________________________
Разделительный _________________________________________________
К подлежащему _________________________________________________
Общий _________________________________________________________
Специальный ___________________________________________________
Альтернативный _________________________________________________
Разделительный _________________________________________________
К подлежащему _________________________________________________
Общий _________________________________________________________
Специальный ___________________________________________________
Альтернативный _________________________________________________
Разделительный _________________________________________________
К подлежащему _________________________________________________
Общий _________________________________________________________
Специальный ___________________________________________________
Альтернативный _________________________________________________
Разделительный _________________________________________________
К подлежащему _________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4. There is a mistake in each sentence. Correct the mistakes.
1. Seaman may know the rules of navigation.
2. Your glass is empty. Must I refill it?
3. Would I introduce Mr. Brown to you?
4. Mike can to speak a few foreign languages.
5. Some years ago I didn’t can define the ship’s position.
EXERCISE 5. Translate the sentences into English:
|
1. 1. Вы должны определить местонахождение судна. ______________________________________________________ 2. Тебе следует знать и придерживаться правил судоходства. 3. Ты можешь решить эту проблему. 4. Тебе следовало изменить курс, но ты не изменил. ______________________________________________________ 5. Я вынужден был сделать это. ______________________________________________________ 6. Я бы хотел сойти на берег. ______________________________________________________ 7. Курсантам нужно уделить больше внимания английскому языку. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Ты можешь делать все, что хочешь. 9. Я не уверен, но возможно он неправ. ______________________________________________________ 10. Я могу считать до 50 на испанском. ______________________________________________________ |
Test yourself
Choose the right model verb (must, have to, mustn’t, needn’t)
1 Cadets ___ know English well.
A have to B mustn’t C must
2 You ___ wear a uniform at the University.
A have to B needn’t to C must to
3 You ___ to assume the responsibility for the ship’s safety.
A must B mustn’t C need
4 The ship___ pass other ships in the English Channel.
A have B mustn’t C has to
5 I ___ tell anyone what happened.
A mustn’t to B have to C mustn’t
6 You ___ worry about the collision. All will be ok.
A needn’t B have to C must to
7 You ___ always pay the bills on time.
A must to B must C needn’t to
8 I ___take part in this conference. It’s obligatory.
A needn’t B mustn’t to C have to
9 Mike ___ keep watch twice a day.
A have to B mustn’t C must
10 You ___ make your bed. I’ll do it for you.
A needn’t B have to C needn’t to
11 You ___ keep silence in the library.
A needn’t B must C have
12 My brother has fallen ill. I ___ take him to the hospital.
A must to B needn’t C have to
13 You ___ tell lies. It’s not nice of you.
A mustn’t to B mustn’t C have to
14 You ___ wash the floors. I did yesterday.
A needn’t B mustn’t to C needn’t to
15 I ___ visit my sister tonight. I haven’t seen her for ages.
A must to B must C have
16 You ___cross the road when the red light is on.
A have to B must C mustn’t
17 You ___ attend the lectures in order to pass the exams.
A have to B needn’t to C have
18 We ___ respect our parents.
A needn’t B must to C must
19 You ___ stay in an expensive hotel. Book a cheaper one.
A must B needn’t C needn’t to
20 I ___ study well in order to get scholarship.
A must B have C mustn’t
21 Mike ___ to keep an eye on the navigational situation.
A has to B have C must
22 You ___ book tickets in advance. You’ll buy them before the match.
A must to B have C needn’t
23 Passengers ___ take too much luggage with them on the plane.
A must B must not C needn’t to
24 Jack lives far from the office, so he ___ to take a bus every day to get there.
A has B must C have
25 Wait! I ___ check whether I locked the door.
A must to B needn’t C must
UNIT 9.
PAST INDEFINITE TENSE
Прошедшее неопределенное время
EXERCISE 1. Supply the Past Indefinite forms of the verbs in the box.
|
consist, load, make up, cross, see, leave, put, deliver, unload, |
1. Ship _____________ the cargoes from one port to another last month.
2. Mike _________ a cargo plan before the loading yesterday.
3. Ships of this type ________ the ocean last year.
4. The cargo in hold № 2 _______ of cases, bags and drums last voyage.
5. Dockers ________ and _________ ships last shift.
6. Ships _______ the port on a pilot’s command yesterday.
7. The cadets ________ to sea last Sunday.
8. The dockers _________ wooden dunnage under the cargo last week.
9. We __________ at the port of destination yesterday.
10. He _____ to proper handling and stowage of the cargo last week.
EXERCISE 2. Read the sentences and write them in the Past Indefinite. Make necessary changes in the sentences.
1. H e usually sails on a Ladoga-type ship.
__________________________________________________________________
2. Mike and his family live in St. Petersburg, but they go to see their parents in the country.
__________________________________________________________________
3. The ship delivers the cargoes from one port to another.
__________________________________________________________________
4. They always load sand in bulk.
__________________________________________________________________
5. Our ship often calls this port.
__________________________________________________________________
6. The dockers always put empty drums aside.
__________________________________________________________________
7. The ship takes a load of timber in Novorossiysk.
__________________________________________________________________
8. My ship needs fuel oil.
__________________________________________________________________
9. Ships leave the port on a pilot’s command.
__________________________________________________________________
10. The second mate accepts leaky drums. __________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 3. Make up questions:
1. Our ship called at this port last year.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
2. The ships left the port on a pilot’s command yesterday.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
3. We arrived at the port of destination yesterday.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
4. They loaded sand in bulk 2 days ago.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
5. The ship delivered the cargoes from one port to another last month.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
6. Mike made up a cargo plan before the loading yesterday.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
7. The second mate accepted leaky drums yesterday.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
EXERCISE 5. Supply either the Present Indefinite or the Past Indefinite in the following sentences.
1. One of her group-mates (to make) a tour of Europe last summer.
__________________________________________________________________
2. The second mate (accept) leaky drums yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
3. The dockers (to be) ready at five o'clock.
__________________________________________________________________
4. Who (to clean) the deck an hour ago?
__________________________________________________________________
5. You always (to get) up at seven o'clock? — No, sometimes I (to get) up at half past seven. _________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
6. Why (deliver) the ship the cargoes from one port to another?
__________________________________________________________________
7. My friend (to know) English very well.
__________________________________________________________________
8. You (sail) on a Ladoga-type ship? – No, I … .
__________________________________________________________________
9. I (go) to my English lesson last Tuesday.
__________________________________________________________________
10. Nick (to be) not at his office. He (to be) at home yesterday.
EXERCISE 6. Translate the sentences into English:
|
1. Mы приблизились к гавани в 10 часов вчера. ______________________________________________________ 2. В прошлом году наш корабль доставлял грузы из Новороссийска в Хельсинки. _____________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. В 7 часов вчера они отгружали песок насыпью. ______________________________________________________ 4. Мы вошли в порт вчера. ______________________________________________________ 5. Наша команда прибыла в порт назначения 5 дней назад. ______________________________________________________ 6. Мы заходили в порт Владивосток в 2010 году. ______________________________________________________ 7. Курсанты вышли в море в воскресенье. ______________________________________________________ 8. Докеры убрали текущие бочки в сторону вчера. ______________________________________________________ 9. Наш корабль покинул порт 2 дня назад. ______________________________________________________ 10. Докеры грузили и разгружали наш корабль в прошлую смену. ______________________________________________________ |
UNIT 10.
FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE
Будущее неопределенное время
EXERCISE 1. Change the following sentences using Future Indefinite Tense.
Model: We commence the loading. (tomorrow)
We will commence the loading tomorrow.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2. Make up questions:
1. The dockers will dispose the cargo in the ship’s holds tomorrow.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
2. The stevedore will secure a sufficient number of gang next Friday.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
3. My ship will need fuel oil in 4 hours.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
4. The ship will take a load of timber in Novorossiysk in a week.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
5. The sworn and the shipper’s will tallymen check up their tallies tomorrow.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
6. Ships will leave the port on a pilot’s command tomorrow.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
7. Mike will inspect the covering of packages in some minutes.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
Exercise 3. Supply the Present Indefinite, the Past Indefinite or the Future Indefinite.
1. They usually _______________ (commence) the loading at 8 o’clock.
They ________________ (commence) the loading yesterday.
They ________________ (commence) the loading tomorrow.
2. He always __________ (see) to proper handling and stowage of the cargo.
He _________ (see) to proper handling and stowage of the cargo in 2 hours.
He ________ (see) to proper handling and stowage of the cargo an hour ago.
3. Mike _______ (dispose) the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way tomorrow.
Mike always _________ (dispose) the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way.
Mike _________ (dispose) the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way last week.
4. We often __________ (place) heavy goods in the bottom of the holds.
We _________ (place) heavy goods in the bottom of the holds in 2 hours.
We _______ (place) heavy goods in the bottom of the holds yesterday.
We often __________ (place) heavy goods in the bottom of the holds.
5. The second mate and the chief stevedore ____________ (discuss) the cargo plan in every detail 2 days ago.
The second mate and the chief stevedore ____________ (discuss) the cargo plan in every detail in some minutes.
The second mate and the chief stevedore always ____________ (discuss) the cargo plan in every detail.
EXERCISE 4. Translate the sentences into English:
|
1. Он будет наблюдать за правильной обработкой и укладкой груза. ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. Он не будет принимать грузовое место и сделает запись об этом в коносаменте. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. Мы разместим тяжелые грузы через 2 часа. ______________________________________________________ 4. Второй помощник и стивидор обсуждают грузовой план перед каждой погрузкой. ______________________________________________________ 5. Почему грузчики откладывают протекающие бочки в сторону? ______________________________________________________ 6. Наш корабль выйдет в море завтра. ______________________________________________________ 7. Через месяц наш корабль зайдет в порт Владивосток. ______________________________________________________ 8. Они сверят свои подсчеты и капитан подпишет документы. ______________________________________________________ 9. Кто будет вести подсчет от имени судна? ______________________________________________________ 10. Стивидор обеспечит необходимое количество бригад и грузо-обрабатывающих механизмов. ______________________________________________________ |
UNIT 11.
Present Continuous Tense
Настоящее продолженное время
EXERCISE 1. Open the brackets using the verbs in Present Continuous.
1. The pilot book (to lie) on the table. __________________________________________________________________
2. They (to work) in the port.
__________________________________________________________________
3. The captain and the chief mate (to talk).
__________________________________________________________________
4. We (to cook) dinner. My mother (to make) a salad. _______________________
__________________________________________________________________
5. A young man (to drive) a car. He (to listen to) the music.
__________________________________________________________________
6. The ship (to pass) beams of buoys.
__________________________________________________________________
7. The ship (to proceed) under pilotage.
__________________________________________________________________
8. You (to have) a break?
__________________________________________________________________
9. Dockers still (to discharge) the ship.
__________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2. Read the sentences and write them in the Present Continuous. Make necessary changes in the sentences.
1. He commenced the loading at 5 o’clock yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
2. Sworn tallymen keep the tally on behalf of the ship.
__________________________________________________________________
3. The ship delivers the cargoes to Helsinki.
__________________________________________________________________
4. They always load sand in bulk.
__________________________________________________________________
5. Our ship will call at this port tomorrow.
__________________________________________________________________
6. The dockers always put empty drums aside.
__________________________________________________________________
7. The ship takes a load of timber in Novorossiysk.
__________________________________________________________________
8. We will place heavy goods in the bottom of the holds next Sunday.
__________________________________________________________________
9. Ship left the port on a pilot’s command last month.
__________________________________________________________________
10. The second mate accepts leaky drums. __________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 3. Make up questions:
1.We are placing heavy goods in the bottom of the holds now.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
2. The ships are leaving the port on a pilot’s command at this moment.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
3. We are arriving at the port of destination now.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
4. They are loading sand in bulk at this moment.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
5. The ships are delivering the cargoes to this port now.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
6. Mike are making up a cargo plan now.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
7. The second mate is accepting leaky drums at this moment.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4. Supply either the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous in the following sentences.
1. Tallymen always ____________________________ (to tally) cargo.
2. We _________________________ (approach) the port at the moment.
3. How ________________ (usually/to get) the work?
4. The dockers always __________________ (to discharge) the ships.
5. Betty can’t answer the phone. She ___ (to sleep).
6. These ships ____________ (to cost) much.
7. The dockers ___________________ (to load) sand in bulk at this moment.
8. The ship always ______________ (to enter) the port without a pilot.
9. We _________________ (to place) heavy goods in the bottom of the holds now.
10. The tallymen _________________ (to check up) the tallies now.
11. The ship _________________(to take) a load of timber in Novorossiysk now.
12. Mike is in Greece now. He _________(to stay) at a very nice hotel.
13. They _______________ (usually/to deliver) the cargo in good condition.
14. All the members of our family often ____________(to gather) for evening tea.
15. The dockers ____________(to put) empty drums aside at this moment.
16. Sworn tallyman always __________ (to keep) the tally on behalf of the ship.
17. Our ship ____________ (to call) at this port every voyage.
18. The ship _________ (to take) a load of paper and timber in London.
19. The ship __________ (to drift) toward the rocks now.
20. The dockers __________ (to load) cotton in bales at this moment.
21. We _____________ (to send) letters to our relatives every month.
22. Mike can’t fall asleep because the engine _________(to make) too much noise.
23. Nick ______________ (to sail) on a Ladoga-type ship.
24. The wind ______________ (to increase) now.
25. Look at that sailor! ___________ (to know) him?
EXERCISE 5. Translate the sentences into English:
|
1. Мы считаем груз и записываем данные в данный момент. ______________________________________________________ 2. Они загружают трюмы сейчас. ______________________________________________________ 3. Второй помощник и главный стивидор обсуждают грузовой план сейчас. ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 4. Он не выполняет свои обязанности в данный момент. ______________________________________________________ 5. Я не укладываю брезент сейчас. ________________________ ______________________________________________________ 6. Второй помощник принимает груз? ______________________________________________________ 7. Докеры готовят трюмы и размещают в них груз? 8. В данный момент он не принимает грузовое место, а делает запись об этом в коносаменте. ____________________________ ______________________________________________________ 9. Главный тальман ведет счет от имени судна сейчас. ______________________________________________________ 10. Он проверяет грузовые отсеки. ______________________________________________________ |
TEST YOURSELF
EXERCISE 1. Choose the appropriate variant.
1. The tallymen _____________ their tallies at this moment.
A is checking up B are checking up C checks up
2. The sailors __________________ hatchers at the moment.
A is closing B is close C are closing
3. I ______________________ what you mean.
A am not understanding B don’t understand C am not understand
4. The dockers _______ to put a wooden dunnage under the cargo at the moment.
A are putting B is put C is putting
5. ______________ in the park right now?
A Is she run B Is she running C Is she running
6. The cadets ________________ a new project this semester.
A are doing B is doing C doing
7. ____________________ any languages at the moment?
A Are you studying B Are you study C Are you studying
8. Look! It _________________ anymore.
A Is raining B isn’t raining C aren’t raining
9. The ship ______________________ the port at the moment.
A is entering B is enter C enters
10. Mike _______________________ watch now.
A Are keeping B aren’t keeping C is keeping
11. The third mate ____________________ the ship’s position.
A Is defining B are defining C Define
12. My brother __________________ his own website. It looks great!
A is designing B are designing C designing
13. My car is broken, so I ___________________ my mum’s.
A am use B am using C is using
14. Andy ______________________ to Spain this year.
A aren’t going B isn’t go C is not going
15. The population of the country _____________________.
A is constantly increasing B is constantly increase C are constantly increasing
16. _____________________ the work of a sailor?
A Do you like B Do you liking C Are you liking
17. They _____________________ dinner at the moment.
A is not having B are not having C are not have
18. Mike is busy. He ___________________ the horizon.
A is observing B is observe C are observing
19. Both my friend and I ____________________ today.
A is working B am working C are working
20. ___________________ better?
A Is your English getting B Is your English get C Are your English getting
21. __________________ this birthday party.
A I’m not enjoy B I’m not enjoying C I’m not enjoying
22. The ship ________________________ on waves.
A Is rolling B rolling C are rolling
23. Why ____________________ I wonder?
A is you crying B do you crying C are you crying
24. The ship _______________________ under pilotage now.
A are proceeding B is proceeding C is proceed
25. I ___________________ to find a place to stay at the moment.
A trying B am trying C am try
UNIT 12.
Past Continuous Tense
Настоящее продолженное время
EXERCISE 1. Change the following sentences using Past Continuous Tense.
Model: We are discussing the loading. (at 5 p.m. yesterday).
We were discussing the loading at 5 p.m. yesterday.
1.The ship will take a load of timber in Novorossiysk in a week.
__________________________________________________________________
2.Our ship called at this port last year.
__________________________________________________________________
3. Mike will dispose the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way tomorrow.
__________________________________________________________________
4. We often place heavy goods in the bottom of the holds.
__________________________________________________________________
5. The second mate and the chief stevedore discussed the cargo plan in every detail 2 days ago. _________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
6. The sworn and the shipper’s tallymen are checking up their tallies now.
__________________________________________________________________
7. They always load sand in bulk.
__________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2. Make up questions:
1. Our ship was entering the port at that moment.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
2. The ships was leaving the port on a pilot’s command.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
3. We were arriving at the port of destination.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
4. They were loading sand in bulk the whole day yesterday.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
5. Mike was making up a cargo plan at that moment.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
6. The second mate was accepting leaky drums.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
EXERCISE 3. Open the brackets using the verbs in Past Simple or Past Continuous.
1. The ship (to arrive) at 5 o’clock yesterday. __________________________________________________________________
2. Dockers (to load) the cargo at five o'clock yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
3. They (to load) the cargo from two till three yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
4. We (to unload) the holds the whole evening yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
5. What Mike (to do) when you came to his place?
__________________________________________________________________
6. What you (to do) when I rang you up?
__________________________________________________________________
7. I (not to sleep) at nine o'clock yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________ 8. What he (to do) yesterday? - He (to tally) the cargo.
__________________________________________________________________
9. What he (to do) the whole evening yesterday? -He (to replace) an old engine with a new one. _____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
10. She (to sleep) when you came home?
__________________________________________________________________
11. Mike (not to unload) the cargo at four o'clock yesterday. __________________________________________________________________
12. He (to repair) the engine the whole evening.
__________________________________________________________________
13. When I came into the cabin, Mike (to read).
__________________________________________________________________
14. She (to work) the whole day yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
15. We (to wash) the floor in our cabin yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
16. We (to wash) the floor in our cabin from three till four yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
17. You (to go ashore) yesterday? _______________________________________
18. You (to do) your homework from eight till ten yesterday?
__________________________________________________________________
19. Why she (to sleep) at seven o'clock yesterday?
__________________________________________________________________
20. The wind (to blow) the whole evening yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4. Translate the sentences into English:
|
1. Весь вечер вчера они ремонтировали двигатель. ______________________________________________________ 2. Наш корабль прибыл в порт в 7 часов вчера. ______________________________________________________ 3. Когда я вошел в каюту, капитан подписывал документы. ______________________________________________________ 4. Докеры загружали песок, когда мы вышли на мостик. ______________________________________________________ 5. В 5 часов вчера корабль приближался к порту. ______________________________________________________ 6. Майк составлял грузовой план с 4 до 5 часов вчера. ______________________________________________________ 7. Наша команда размещала тяжелые грузы на дне трюма целый день вчера. ______________________________________________________ |
TEST YOURSELF
EXERCISE 1. Choose Past Simple or Past Continuous Tense
1 I ___ to be a seaman when I was young.
A was wanting B Wanted C was wanted
2 The ship ___ on time yesterday.
A Arrived B was arrive C was arriving
3 Why ___ the ship for so long yesterday?
A did you load B did you loading C were you loading
4 We were in a difficult situation. We ___ what to do.
A didn’t know B were not knowing C not know
5 He usually meets Mike on Fridays but he ___ him last Friday.
A wasn’t visiting B didn’t visit C weren’t visiting
6 What ___ at 6 p.m. yesterday?
A did you do B were you doing C was you doing
7 Where ___ when I met you yesterday?
A were you going B did you going C did you went
8 Kate ___ along the country road when her car broke down.
A was driving B Drove C was drive
9 The firm went bankrupt and I ___ my job.
A was losing B Losing C lost
10 I felt seasick yesterday. It ___ a severe storm.
A Was B Has been C Was being
11 Which exams ___ at the university?
A did you took B were you taking C did you take
12 We ___ climbing in the mountains last summer.
A Went B were going C did go
13 Kelly ___ near the river at 4 p.m. yesterday.
A were sunbathing B was sunbathing C sunbathed
14 The ship is ok now. They ___ it yesterday.
A Repaired B were repairing C was repair
15 The editor of the magazine ___ to print the article.
A wasn’t allowing B weren’t allowing C didn’t allow
16 Darrel couldn’t find his old hat. His sister ___ it away long time ago.
A was throwing B throwed C threw
17 Mike ___ the cargo when the foreman met him.
A was tallying B tallied C was tallied
18 I ___ for the way out of the centre but couldn’t find it.
A Looked B was looking C were looking
19 Titanic ___ in the Atlantic many years ago.
A was sinking B sinked C Sank
20 When ___ lobsters?
A did you last eat B was you last eating C did you last eating
21 My friend ___ apple trees while she lived in the country.
A were planting B was planting C Planted
22 Agatha Christie ___ a lot of detective stories.
A Wrote B were writing C was writing
23 Why are the holds empty? - We ___ them yesterday night.
A wasn’t loading B didn’t load C Wasn’t loaded
UNIT 13.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
EXERCISE 1. Choose the right variant.
1. I shall _______________ go/shall be going to go ashore when the chief mate arrives.
2. Will you _______________pass / will you be passing me the documents from him tomorrow?
3. I’m sure Tom __________________will give up/is giving up the job of a seaman.
4. Mike isn’t free on Monday. He ________________ will unload/ will be unloading the ship.
5. Jim is going to keep watch from 4 till 10 this night. So at 10.30 p.m. he ______________________ will have rest/will be having rest.
6. While I ___________________________shall navigate/ shall be navigating the ship he will observe/ will be observingthe horizon.
7. When you call him he _______________________will sleep/ will be sleeping.
8. I hope the next mail ____________________will bring/ will be bringing news from home.
9. The loading is not finished. Dockers ___________________will work/ will be working 2 hours more.
10. At what time ___________________will you be/ will you being on watch?
EXERCISE 2. Put the verb into the right form.
1. Tomorrow at 9.30 Mike ______________ (leave) the port.
2. Can we meet tomorrow morning? – No, I ______________ (work).
3. Tomorrow from 12 till 16 Mike __________ (keep watch).
4. This time next week I ________________ (sail).
5. Don’t phone me tomorrow between 6 and 7. I _______________ (have) dinner with my captain.
6. At 11 o’clock tomorrow I _______________ (wash) the holds.
7. Tomorrow afternoon we are going to play tennis from 2 until 4. So at 3 o’clock we ______________ (play).
8. Andrew _______________ (make) notes in the Bill of Lading when Mike comes.
9. I ______________ (cook) dinner when you return.
10. Don’t come to my house at five o’clock. I ______________ (have) an English lesson.
11. What _____________ (do) at this time tomorrow?
12. Tomorrow morning Derek ______________ (look) through fresh newspapers and magazines.
13. Ann ______________ (not/wait) for you on the pier at six o’clock tomorrow.
14. The ship ______________ (leave) the port tomorrow at 7.45.
EXERCISE 3. Open the brackets using Future Continuous or Future Simple.
1. I (to talk) with the captain at six o’clock tomorrow.
__________________________________________________________________
2. When you come to me tomorrow I (to unload) the hold.
__________________________________________________________________
3. Don’t phone me tomorrow. I (to get ready for) my examination.
__________________________________________________________________
4. What you (to do) at eight p. m. tomorrow?
__________________________________________________________________
5. “Can we meet tomorrow afternoon?” – “Not in the afternoon. I (to work).”
__________________________________________________________________
6. Do you think you still (to do) the same job in ten years?
__________________________________________________________________
7. If you need to contact me, I (to stay) at the Mariot Hotel until Friday.
__________________________________________________________________
8. “You (to see) Mike tomorrow?” – “Yes, probably. Why?” – “I want to give this document to him.”___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4. Translate the sentences into English:
|
1. В пятницу в это время я буду вахту. ______________________________________________________ 2. Завтра в шесть часов я буду работать на причале. ______________________________________________________ 3. Не звоните мне завтра в три. Мы будем загружать судно. ______________________________________________________ 4. В мае я буду повторять материал к экзаменам. ______________________________________________________ 5. Когда я приеду, они будут ждать меня в аэропорту. ______________________________________________________ 6. Когда у тебя будет урок английского языка? ______________________________________________________ 7. Что ты будешь делать завтра в семь? Можно я приду к тебе? ______________________________________________________ 8. Я буду считать груз весь вечер завтра. ______________________________________________________ 9. У меня не будет этой лекции завтра. ______________________________________________________ 10. Он скоро собирается идти плавать, не так ли? ______________________________________________________ 11. Майк будет ремонтировать судно всё утро. ______________________________________________________ 12. Пока. Увидимся на следующей неделе. ______________________________________________________ 13. Когда придет такси, я думаю, они всё ещё будут укладывать вещи. ______________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 14. Будь осторожным. Они будут всё время следить за тобой. ______________________________________________________ |
UNIT 14.
The Present Perfect Tense
Настоящее совершенное время
EXERCISE 1. Give the correct form of the Present Perfect Tense of the verb in brackets.
Model: They ____have just left____ ( just/to leave) the port.
1. He _________________________ (already/to inspect) the cargo compartments.
2. The tallyman __________________ (just/to keep) the tally on behalf of the ship.
3. I _________________________ (never/ to be) to London.
4. He _____________________ (already/ to give) an order to reduce the speed.
5. Mike _________________________ (to keep) watch twice a day this month.
6. He ___________________________ (just/ to define) the ship's position.
7. The ship ______________________ (to take) a load of timber in Oslo today.
8. Our ship ______________________ (to call) at this port this year.
9. They _________________________ (already/to commence) the loading.
10. Mike _________________ (just/ to dispose) the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way.
EXERCISE 2. Make up questions:
1. The dockers have already disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
2. The stevedore has secured a sufficient number of gang today.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
3. The second mate and the chief stevedore have already discussed the cargo plan in every detail.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
4. The ship has just taken a load of timber in Novorossiysk.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
5. The sworn and the shipper’s tallymen have checked up their tallies today.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
EXERCISE 3. Rewrite the sentences using the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite.
Model: Mike is defining the ship’s position on the chart now.
(already; yesterday)
Mike has already defined the ship’s position on the chart.
Mike defined the ship’s position on the chart yesterday.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4. Supply the Present Perfect, the Past Indefinite or the Present Continuous.
|
1. He (to inspect) the cargo compartments just. |
__________________________________ __________________________________ |
|
2. Mike (to keep) watch twice a day last month. |
__________________________________ __________________________________ |
|
3. We (to unload) the ship already. |
__________________________________ |
|
4. They (commence) the loading already. Our ship (to leave) the port now. |
__________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ |
|
5. What you (to do) here at such a late hour? You (to make up) a cargo plan? – No, I (to make up) it already. I (to work) at my report. – When you (to make up) a cargo plan? – I (to finish) it two hours ago. |
__________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ |
EXERCISE 5. Translate the sentences into English:
|
1.Он только что заступил на вахту и наносит месторасположение судна на карту. ______________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. Докеры загрузили корабль и мы покидаем этот порт сейчас. ______________________________________________________ 3. Второй помощник и стивидор уже обсудила грузовой план. ______________________________________________________ 4. Мы разместили грузы на дне трюма. ______________________________________________________ 5. Мы только что снизили скорость и входим в порт. ______________________________________________________ 6. Он принял ответственность за безопасность корабля. ______________________________________________________ 7. Он решил провести каникулы за городом в этом году. ______________________________________________________ 8. Он проверил грузовые отсеки. ______________________________________________________ 9. Сегодня они обсудили грузовой план и показали его капитану. _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 10. Майк уже вышел на капитанский мостик и принял вахту. ______________________________________________________ |
UNIT 15.
The Past Perfect Tense
Прошедшее совершенное время
EXERCISE 1. Change the following sentences using the Past Perfect Tense.
Model: I did my work yesterday.
I had done my work by 5 o’clock yesterday.
1. He is inspecting the cargo compartments.
__________________________________________________________________
2. The tallyman has just kept the tally on behalf of the ship.
__________________________________________________________________
3. They were shipping the goods at this time yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
4. He is giving an order to reduce the speed at this moment.
__________________________________________________________________
5. He defined the ship's position two hours ago.
__________________________________________________________________
6. The ship will take a load of timber in Oslo tomorrow.
__________________________________________________________________
7. Our ship has called at this port this year.
__________________________________________________________________
8. They will be inspecting the covering of packages at 5 o’clock tomorrow.
__________________________________________________________________
9. Mike disposes the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way every shift.
__________________________________________________________________
10.We discussed the order of loading yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2. Make up questions:
1. Our ship had called at this port by 7 p.m.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
2. They had shipped the goods by 5 p.m. yesterday.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
3. The ship had taken a load of timber in Oslo by the time I came back.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
4. He had defined the ship's position by the time the ship put to sea.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
5. They had inspected the covering of packages by 5 o’clock yesterday.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
EXERCISE 3. Complete the sentences making use of the suggested Russian phrases.
1. He came to the bridge after he (заступил на вахту).
__________________________________________________________________
2. Before the ship approached the port, she (снизил скорость).
__________________________________________________________________
3. When the stevedore came to my place, I (уже составил отчет).
__________________________________________________________________
4. They thought that (он принял ответственность за безопасность судна).
__________________________________________________________________
5. Before the Master entered the ship, the watch officer (выбрал рабочий режим главных двигателей). ________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
6. Before the loading commenced, the stevedore (обеспечил необходимым количеством бригад и грузо-обрабатывающих механизмов).
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
7. He thought that he (не принял грузовое место).
__________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4. Supply the Past Perfect, Past Indefinite or the Past Continuous Tense.
1. We (complete) the loading by Monday.
__________________________________________________________________
2. One of my group-mates (to make) a tour of Europe last summer.
__________________________________________________________________
3. He (to see) to proper handling and stowage of the cargo yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
4. He (to give) an order to reduce the speed yet.
__________________________________________________________________
5. They (to inspect) the covering of packages, when the Master (to come).
__________________________________________________________________
6. Before the Master (to enter) the ship, the watch officer (to go) to his cabin.
__________________________________________________________________
7. They (to ship) the goods at 5 p.m. yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
8. When the Master (to come), Mike (to keep) an eye on the weather conditions and navigational situation. ____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
9. We (to approach) the harbour at 10 a.m. yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
10. We (to return) from the voyage, when (to receive) an order to call at the port.
__________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 5. Translate the sentences into English:
|
1. Наш корабль прибыл в порт назначения к понедельнику. ______________________________________________________ 2. До начала погрузки он составил грузовой план. ______________________________________________________ 3. Наш капитан дал приказ снизить скорость до того, как мы приблизились к порту. ______________________________________________________ 4. Докеры загрузили корабль к 5 часам вечера. ______________________________________________________ 5. Когда капитан пришел, я уже проверил целостность упаковки. _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 6. Мы вышли в море до того, как разыгрался шторм. ______________________________________________________ 7. Когда стивидор пришел ко мне, я уже составил грузовой план. _________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 8. До начала погрузки стивидор обеспечил необходимым количеством бригад и грузо-обрабатывающих механизмов. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 9. Он определил местонахождение корабля и нанес его на карту до прихода капитана. ______________________________ ______________________________________________________ 10. Они разгрузили товары к 7 вечера вчера. ______________________________________________________ |
UNIT 16.
The Future Perfect Tense
Будущее совершенное время
EXERCISE 1. Change the following sentences using Future Perfect Tense.
Model: We commence the loading. (by 2 p.m. tomorrow)
We will have commenced the loading by 2 p.m. tomorrow.
1. He is inspecting the cargo compartments.
__________________________________________________________________
2. The tallyman has just kept the tally on behalf of the ship.
__________________________________________________________________
3. They were shipping the goods at this time yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
4. He is giving an order to reduce the speed at this moment.
__________________________________________________________________
5. He defined the ship's position two hours ago.
__________________________________________________________________
6. The ship will take a load of timber in Oslo tomorrow.
__________________________________________________________________
7. Our ship has called at this port this year.
__________________________________________________________________
8. They will be inspecting the covering of packages at 5 o’clock tomorrow.
__________________________________________________________________
9. Mike disposes the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way every shift.
__________________________________________________________________
10.We discussed the order of loading yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2. Make up questions:
1. The dockers will have disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds by 2 p.m. tomorrow.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
2. The stevedore will have secured a sufficient number of gang by Friday.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
3. My ship will have needed fuel oil by 4 a.m. tomorrow.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
4. The ship will have taken a load of timber in Novorossiysk by the end of this week.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
5. The sworn and the shipper’s tallymen will have checked up their tallies by 9 p.m. tomorrow.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
6. Ships will have left the port on a pilot’s command by tomorrow.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
7. Mike will have inspected the covering of packages by in some minutes.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
Exercise 3. Supply the Present Perfect, the Past Perfect or the Future Perfect.
1. They __________ (just /to discuss) proper handling and stowage of the cargo.
He _________ (to discuss) proper handling and stowage of the cargo by 2 o’clock yesterday.
He ________ (to discuss) proper handling and stowage of the cargo by 2 o’clock tomorrow.
2. Mike _______ (dispose) the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way by 7 p.m. tomorrow.
Mike _________ (already/ to dispose) the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way.
Mike _________ (to dispose) the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way by 7 p.m. yesterday.
3. We __________ (just /to place) heavy goods in the bottom of the holds.
We _________ (to place) heavy goods in the bottom of the holds by 2 p.m. tomorrow.
We _______ (to place) heavy goods in the bottom of the holds by 2 p.m. yesterday.
4. The second mate and the chief stevedore ____________ (to discuss) the cargo plan in every detail by 5 p.m. yesterday.
The second mate and the chief stevedore ____________ (to discuss) the cargo plan in every detail by 7 p.m. tomorrow.
The second mate and the chief stevedore already ____________ (to discuss) the cargo plan in every detail.
EXERCISE 4. Translate the sentences into English:
|
1.Мы проверим грузовые отсеки к началу погрузки. ______________________________________________________ 2. Вахтенный нанесет на карту расположение судна к концу вахты. ______________________________________________________ 3. Стивидор обеспечит необходимым количеством бригад и грузо-обрабатывающих механизмов к 8 часам завтра. ______________________________________________________ 4. Он будет наблюдать за погодными условиями и навига-ционной ситуацией до конца вахты. ______________________________________________________ 5. К понедельнику корабли покинут порт. ______________________________________________________ 6. Второй помощник и стивидор обсудят грузовой план к 5 часам завтра. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ |
UNIT 17.
Present Perfect Continuous
EXERCISE 1. Find the correct answer.
1. Dockers have been loaded/ have loaded/have been loading the ship for two hours. _____________________________________________________________
2. The ship has been/ has been being/was in Glasgow for a month.
__________________________________________________________________
3. I think the radio operator has forgetting/ forget/has forgotten us.
__________________________________________________________________
We wait/ have waited/ have been waiting for a half an hour and nobody has called/has been calling/called us. _______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. I don’t know if he has even been noticing/ noticed/has noticed us.
__________________________________________________________________ He has been running/ run/has run from one pier to another.
__________________________________________________________________
5. Are you hungry? No, I have eaten/ have been eating/ am eating all day.
__________________________________________________________________
6. I have been reading/ have read/ read today’s newspaper and there is an interesting article on water pollution. ____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
7. It has been snowing/ is snowing / was snowing since I have got up/got up.
__________________________________________________________________
8. Mike has been looked for/ has been looking for/ looked for a job since/ for a week. _____________________________________________________________
9. He has been working/ has worked/ worked overtime since/ for the last month, so they will have enough money. _______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
10. These seamen look so tired as they / have scrubed/ scrubed/ have been scrubing the deck for two hours. ________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
11. He has been living/ lives/ has lived in this town since/for 1980. ____________
__________________________________________________________________
12. Sue is listening/ was listening/ has been listening to music since/for she bought a CD player. ________________________________________________________
13.You look very guilty! What did you do/ have you been doing/ have you done?
__________________________________________________________________
14. How many books have you collected/ have been collecting/ collected for a year? _____________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2. Translate into Russian using the verbs in Present Continuous or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. а) Они все еще грузят судно. _______________________________________
б) Они грузят судно уже два часа. __________________________________
2. а) Они все еще спорят. ____________________________________________
б) Они спорят уже час. ____________________________________________
3. а) Майк все еще в плавании. ________________________________________
б) Майк в плавании уже неделю. ____________________________________
4. a) Она еще спит. __________________________________________________
b) Она спит уже два часа. __________________________________________
5. а) Он еще принимает груз. _________________________________________
б) Он принимает груз уже 5 часов. __________________________________
6. а) Тальманы все еще считают груз. __________________________________
b) Тальманы считают груз уже 3 часа. _______________________________
7. а) Второй помощник все еще проверяет груз. _________________________
b) Второй помощник проверяет груз уже 40 минут.
__________________________________________________________________
8. а) Она все еще изучает испанский язык. ______________________________
b) Она уже два года изучает испанский язык. ___________________________
9. а) Они все еще живут в Новороссийске. ______________________________
b) Они уже четыре месяца живут в Новороссийске.
__________________________________________________________________
10. а) Она все еще разговаривает по телефону.
__________________________________________________________________
b) Она разговаривает по телефону уже двадцать минут.
__________________________________________________________________
11. а) Ветер все еще дует. ____________________________________________
b) Ветер дует уже два дня. ________________________________________
EXERCISE 3. Make up questions:
1. The dockers have been disposing the cargo in the ship’s holds for a week.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
2. The stevedore has been securing a sufficient number of gang for next Friday.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
3. He has been keeping the dead reckoning for an hour.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
4. The ship has been taking a load of timber in Novorossiysk for a week.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
5. The sworn and the shipper’s tallymen have been checking up their tallies for 2 hours.
Общий ____________________________________________________________
Специальный ______________________________________________________
Альтернативный ___________________________________________________
Разделительный ____________________________________________________
К подлежащему ____________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4. Open the brackets using the verbs in Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous.
1. He (to tally) the cargo now. He (to tally) the cargo for 5 hours without any rest. ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. What they (to do) now? They (to load) the ship. They (to load) for already three hours. _____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. Where he (to be) now? He (to be) in the port. He (to talk) with the harbour master. They (to talk) since breakfast time. ________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. I (to live) in Novorossiysk. I (to live) in Novorossiysk since 1990.
__________________________________________________________________
5. This man (to be) a seaman. He (to sail). He (to sail) since he was a young man. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Mike is a very good cadet. He (to study) well. Today he (to do) his homework since morning. Now he (to go) to the University. ___________________________
__________________________________________________________________
7. You (to find) your note-book? No! I still (to look) for it. I already (to look) for it for two hours, but (not yet to find) it. ___________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
8. You (to play) football for already three hours. Go home please.
__________________________________________________________________
9. Wake up! You (to sleep) for ten hours already.
__________________________________________________________________
10. I (to wait) for a letter from my cousin for a month already, but (not yet to receive) it. _________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
11. The weather (to be) fine today. The sun (to shine) ever since we got up.
__________________________________________________________________
12. Every day I (keep watch) from 12 till 4 o’clock.
EXERCISE 5. Translate the sentences into English:
|
1. Они считают груз уже два часа. ______________________________________________________ 2. Где Майк? Он уже час на вахте. ______________________________________________________ 3. Вы все еще загружаете судно? Сколько времени вы уже загружаете его?________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 4. Грузчики уже 2 часа загружают судно. ______________________________________________________ 5. Мой друг знает английский с детства. ______________________________________________________ 6. Второй помощник несет вахту уже 2 часа. ______________________________________________________ 7. Мой брат уже три года капитан. ______________________________________________________ 8. Моя сестра изучает английский язык уже пять лет. ______________________________________________________ 9. Вахтенный уже несколько минут наносит месторасположение судна на морскую карту. _________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 10. Второй помощник и капитан все еще обсуждают грузовой план. __________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ |
UNIT 18.
PAST PERFECT CONTIINUOUS
EXERCISE 1. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. The dockers had been unloading the ship for 40 minutes when the foreman came. _____________________________________________________________
2. Mike had been tallying the cargo for an hour when the chief mate came to see him. ______________________________________________________________
3. I had been trying to get him on the phone all day.
__________________________________________________________________
4. At eight in the morning we had been sailing for six hours.
__________________________________________________________________
5. He had been waiting for her for a long time before she came.
__________________________________________________________________
6. We had been walking in the rain for many hours when we saw a house.
__________________________________________________________________
7. She had been waiting there for an hour before the ship entered the port.
__________________________________________________________________
8. He had been looking for the wheel-house for half an hour before he found it on the upper deck.
EXERCISE 2. Choose the right answer.
1. I (talk) over the phone when the captain came in.
A talked
B had talked
C had been talking
D was talking
2. They (sit) in the cabin when the storm began.
A sat
B had sat
C had been sitting
D were sitting
3. He quickly forgot everything he (learn) at the University.
A learnt
B had learnt
C had been learning
D was learning
4. I visited Brazil in April. I (stay) at a nice hotel for a fortnight.
A stayed
B had stayed
C had been staying
D was staying
5. The ship (enter) the port when it started raining.
A entered
B had entered
C had been entering
D was entering
6. The dockers (load) the ship for a whole hour when Mike came in.
A loaded
B had loaded
C had been loading
D were loading
7. Mike closed the magazine and rose from the sofa on which he (lie) for more than two hours.
A lay
B had lain
C had been lying
D was lying
8. A man (be) unconscious for a few minutes when an ambulance arrived.
A was
B had been
C had being
9. We (sail) for two hours when we saw a lighthouse.
A sailed
B had sailed
C had been sailing
D were sailing
10. Mike (talk) over the phone for a whole hour when the boatswain knocked at the door.
A talked
B had talked
C had been talking
D was talking
11. I hardly (finish) speaking with my mate when the phone rang again.
A finished
B had hardly finished
C had been finishing
D was finishing
12. First I (answer) the phone, and then I read your notice.
A answered
B had answered
C had been answering
D was answering
13. And Mike began loading the ship instead of going ashore, as he (plan) before.
A planned
B had planned
C had been planning
D was planning
EXERCISE 3. Open the brackets.
1. My brother _______ (make) his first voyage when he was 20 years old. Now he _______ (sail) for two years.
2. I not _______ (see) him for ages. I wonder where he might be.
3. «I _______ (start) loading in the morning and not _______ (finish) yet.»
4. I______ (work) for this company for ten years. I _______ (start) to look for a better job last month but _______ (find) anything yet.
5. « You _______ (be) here before?» «Yes we _______ (spend) our holidays here last year.» «You _______ (have) a good time?» «No, it never _______ (stop) raining.»
6. « You _______ (have) breakfast yet?» «Yes I _______ (have) it at 9.»
7. We _______ (miss) the bus. Now we'll have to walk."
8. I _______ (ask) you repeatedly not to smoke on board the ship!
9. Somebody _______ (take) my keys. I cannot leave home now.
10. He is out. I think he _______ (go) to the upper deck.
11. How long is it since he _______ (start) his work as a seaman?
EXERCISE 4. Choose Past Indefinite, Past Perfect, Past Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
1. They felt tired that morning because they (moor) all night.
1) were mooring
2) had been mooring
3) had moored
2. The pier was deserted for years when we first (visit) it.
1) had visited
2) visited
3) had been visiting
3. She understood the problems of the company because she (work) there since it started.
1) was working
2) worked
3) had been working
4. He was upset because he (lose) his UHF portable radio.
1) had been losing
2) had lost
3) lost
5. Mike (wait) for an hour before the ship (arrive).
1) was waiting/arrived
2) waited/was arriving
3) had been waiting/arrived
6. When he was young she (dream) often about sea voyages.
1) dreamt
2) had dreamt
3) had been dreaming
7. He was dizzy. He (work) on the computer since morning.
1) had been working
2) had worked
3) was working
8. John (drive) home when his car (break) down.
1) had been driving/broke down
2) was driving/broke down
3) had driven/was breaking down
9. I knew the facts of the accident because I (read) the report.
1) had been reading
2) read
3) had read
10. My eyes ached because I (observe) the horizon for three hours.
1) was observing
2) had been observing
3) had observed
11. The dockers’s cloth was dirty. They (load) the ship, and they were covered with dust.
1) were loading
2) had been loading
3) loaded
12. I was never nervous. I never (play) against her before and I didn’t know how good she was.
1) had never played
2) played
3) had been playing
13. Donald excelled himself as a cook. He (cook) a wonderful Spanish dish.
1) cooked
2) had been cooking
3) had cooked
14. James was very busy. He (work) on the pier all morning.
1) was working
2) had been working
3) worked
15. Mike repaired the engine because he (do) it before.
1) did
2) had been doing
3) had done
16. They (fly) over the Andes when the plane (crash).
1) had been flying/crashed
2) were flying/crashed
3) had flown/ was crushing
17. She (turn on) the auxillary engine as soon as the main engine (stop).
1) was turning on/ stoped
2) had turned on/stoped
3) turned on/stoped
18. Mike (work) in the same crewing company for ten years before he decided to change it.
1) had been working
2) had worked
3) was working
19. I was tired. I (navigate) the ship all day in a very heavy traffic.
1) had been navigating
2) was navigating
3) navigated
20. How long you (wait) here, before I came?
1) had you been waiting
2) were you waiting
3) waited
UNIT 19.
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
EXERCISE 1. Open the brackets using the verbs in Future Perfect Continuous.
1.The dockers (to unload) the ship for two hours when I come here.
__________________________________________________________________
2. He (to learn) German for two years when I begin to learn English.
__________________________________________________________________
3. By next July Mike (to work) in this crewing company for five years.
__________________________________________________________________
4. At six o’clock the gang (to work) for five hours.
__________________________________________________________________
5.I (to tally) the cargo for 3 hours when the foreman comes there.
__________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1.Mike will have been talking with the captain for 20 minutes when I come.
__________________________________________________________________
2. In ten minute’s time l shall have been hanging around here for exactly four hours. _____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. When they finish loading I will have been waiting for them for 30 minutes.
__________________________________________________________________
4. Tomorrow it will be a month as they have been working on this project.
__________________________________________________________________
5. He will have been working on his book for a year soon.
__________________________________________________________________
6. He will have been repairing the ship for two weeks on Wednesday.
__________________________________________________________________
Answer Key:
Unit 1.
EXERCISE 1.
1. a; a. 2. a; -. 3. a; a. 4. a; a. 5. -; -. 6. -; -; -. 7. a; a. 8. an; a. 9. -; a. 10. a; -.
EXERCISE 2.
1. am; is; 2. is; are; 3. are; are 4. is; 5. is; am; 6. is; is; 7. are; I am; 10. am; I am.
EXERCISE 3.
It isn’t a leaky barrel. Is it a leaky barrel? 2. It isn’t a big rock. Is it a big rock? 3. He isn’t a sailor. Is he a sailor? 4. It isn’t a life-boat. Is it a life-boat? 5. It isn’t a load of timber. Is it a load of timber? 6. Не isn’t a second mate. Is hе a second mate? 7. It isn’t a new motor-vessel. Is it a new motor-vessel. 8. It isn’t a deep sea. Is it a deep sea? 9. His ship isn’t at sea. Is his ship at sea?
EXERCISE 4.
1. Where is the cargo? 2. Why is my friend ready for the lesson? 3. What is Nick?
4. Why is my brother a radio-man?) 5. Where is Mary? 6. Where are the cadets? 7. What kind of cargo is on the deck? 8. Why is his ship at sea? 9. Where are their children? 10. Why are my group-mates free today? 11. Why are Ivanov and Sidorov late? 12. Where is this cadet? 13. Who is a first-year cadet? 14. Why are they ready for the lesson?
EXERCISE 5.
1. Is the load of timber on the deck? Where is the load of timber? Is the load of timber on the deck or in the hold? The load of timber is on the deck, isn’t it? What is on the deck? 2. Is his ship at sea? Why is his ship at sea? Is his ship at sea or ocean? His ship is at sea, isn’t she? What is at sea? 3. Is he a sailor? Why is he a sailor? Is he a sailor or a motorman? He is a sailor, isn’t he? What is he? 4. Are they ready for the lesson? When are they ready for the lesson? Are they ready for the lesson or dictation? They are ready for the lesson, aren’t they? Who is ready for the lesson? 5. Is it a new motor-vessel? Where kind of motor-vessel is it? It is a new or an old motor-vessel? It is a new motor-vessel, isn’t it? What is it? 6. Are my group-mates free today? Why are my group-mates free today? Are my group-mates free or busy today? My group-mates are free today, aren’t they? Who is free today? 7. Is he a first-year cadet? Why is he a first-year cadet? Is he a first-year cadet or a second mate? He is a first-year cadet, isn’t he? What is he? 8. Is it a leaky barrel? What kind of barrel is it? Is it a leaky or rusty barrel? It is a leaky barrel, isn’t it? What is it? 9. Is it a deep sea? Is it a deep sea or a lake? It is a deep sea, isn’t it? What is it? 10. Is it a rusty tube? Is it a rusty tube or dry sand? It is a rusty tube, isn’t it? What is it? 11. Is Nick a second mate? Is Nick a second mate or an engineer? Nick is a second mate, isn’t he? Who is a second mate?
UNIT 2.
EXERCISE 1.
1. My Captain plays guitar every evening. 2. Sometimes our crew needs a pilot. 3. He usually sails on a Ladoga-type ship. 4. Your captain always speaks English. 5. Mike and his family live in St. Petersburg, but sometimes they go to see their parents in the country. 6. The cadets put to sea on Sundays. 7. Mike like to be a seamen. 8. They load sand in bulk. 9. Our ship often calls at this port. 10. The dockers always put empty drums aside.
EXERCISE 2.
1. My ship doesn’t sail from London to Oslo. My ship sails from London to Helsinki. 2. Nick doesn’t sail on a motor-vessel. Nick sails on a Ladoga-type ship. 3. They don’t need bread and meat. They need cake and juice. 4. The ship doesn’t take a load of paper and timber in London. The ship takes a load of timber in St. Petersburg. 5. The dockers don’t load sand in bulk. The dockers load cotton in bales. 6. My captain doesn’t speak Spanish. My captain speaks English. 7. This time doesn’t suit me. This time suits my friend. 8. We always don’t put empty drums in the hold. We always put empty drums inside. 9. My ship doesn’t need petrol. My ship needs fuel oil. 10. They don’t put to sea on the life-boat. They don’t put to sea on the motor-vessel.
EXERCISE 3.
1. Does our ship often call at this port? Why does our ship often call at this port? Does our ship often call at this port or Odessa? Our ship often calls at this port, doesn’t she? Who often calls at this port?
2. Do the cadets put to sea on Sundays? When do the cadets put to sea? Do the cadets put to sea on Sundays or Mondays? The cadets put to sea on Sundays, don’t they? Who puts to sea on Sundays?
3. Does the ship take a load of timber in St. Petersburg? Where does the ship take a load of timber? Does the ship take a load of timber or sand in St. Petersburg? The ship takes a load of timber in St. Petersburg, doesn’t she? Who takes a load of timber in St. Petersburg?
4. Do they go to see their parents in the country? Why do they go to see their parents in the country? Do they go to see their parents or relatives in the country? They go to see their parents in the country, don’t they? Who goes to see their parents in the country?
5. Does Mike like to be a seaman? Why does Mike like to be a seaman? Does Mike like to be a seaman or an engineer? Mike likes to be a seaman, doesn’t he? Who likes to be a seaman?
6. Do Mike and his family live in St. Petersburg? Where do Mike and his family live? Do Mike and his family live in St. Petersburg or Moscow? Mike and his family live in St. Petersburg, don’t they? Who lives in St. Petersburg?
7. Do the dockers load cotton in bales? How do the dockers load cotton? Do the dockers load cotton in bales or containers? The dockers load cotton in bales, don’t they? Who loads cotton in bales?
8. Do they load dry sand in bulk? Do they load dry sand in bulk? Do they load dry sand in bulk or in bales? They load dry sand in bulk, don’t they? Who loads dry sand in bulk?
9. Does my ship sail from London to Helsinki? Where does my ship sail? Does my ship sail from London to Helsinki or Toronto? My ship sails from London to Helsinki, doesn’t she? What sails from London to Helsinki?
10. Does Nick sail on a Ladoga-type ship? Why does Nick sail on a Ladoga-type ship? Does Nick sail on a Ladoga-type ship or motor-vessel? Nick sails on a Ladoga-type ship, doesn’t he? Who sails on a Ladoga-type ship?
EXERCISE 4.
1. sails; 2. live; go; 3. put to sea; 4. load; 5. calls at; 6. put; 7. takes; 8. needs; 9. plays; 10. calls for
UNIT 3.
EXERCISE 1.
1. on; 2. to; on; 3. from; to; 4. at; 5. on; 6. on; 7. in; 8. on; 9. in; 10. on; 11. at; 12. at
EXERCISE 2.
EXERCISE 3.
1. at slow speed; 2. on Friday; 3. a report on current event; 4. at a distance; 5. a book on speciality; 6. for your proposal; 7. at shipper’s risk; 8. to travel by sea; 9. to call for a pilot; 10. to the Crimea for a week; 11. to be at sea; 12. an article on winter navigation; 13. on my day off.
Test yourself
1.on; 2. at; 3. to; at; on 4. -; in; 5. on; of; 6. for; 7. at; 8. at; 9. from; to; 10. on; of; 11. at; 12. on; at; 13. of; 14. of; on; 15. with; 16. on; of; 17. at; 18. to; 19. for; 20 to; in; in; to; in; 21. with.
UNIT 4.
EXERCISE 1. 1. a; the; 2. an; - ; 3. a; the; 4. a; the; a; 5. -; -; a; 6. a; the; the; 7. a; a; 8. -; 9. -; 10. -; 11. -; the; 12. -; -; -.
EXERCISE 2.
1. -; -; 2. a; the; the; 3. the; the; the; 4. -; -; -; -; -; -; the; the; 5. the; the; the; the; 6. the; the; - ; 7. a; -; -; 8. the; 9. the; a; -; 10. -; 11. the; 12. -; - ; 13. -.
EXERCISE 3.
1. This is not a ship. The ship is not old. 2. This is not an old boat. It is not at sea. 3. This is not a hold. The hold is not dry. 4. This is not a crane. The crane isn’t new. This is not a new crane. 5. This is not my friend. He is not a third mate. 6. This is not a captain. The captain isn’t on the bridge. 7. This is not a cadet. This is not a good cadet.
EXERCISE 4.
1. These are ropes. 2. These are hooks. 3. These are boxes. 4. These are women. 5. These are engine-rooms. 6. These are good charts. 7. These are men. 8. These are loads on deck. 9. These are rusty tubes. 10. These are leaky barrels. 11. These are neat holds.
TEST YOURSELF
1. b; 2. a; 3. c; 4. a; 5. b; 6. a; 7. c; 8. a (b); 9. a; 10. c; 11. b; 12. b
Глагол to have (got )
EXERCISE 1. 1. has got; 2. has got; 3. have got; 4. have got; 5. has got; 6. has got; 7. have got 8. has got; 9. have got; 10. has got
EXERCISE 3.
1. Has he got a new crane in their port? Where has he got a new crane? Has he got a new crane in their port or on board? He has got a new crane in their port, hasn’t he got? Who has got a new crane in their port? 2. Have they got a cargo of ore on board? Why have they got a cargo of ore on board? Have they got a cargo of ore on board or in the hold? They have got a cargo of ore on board, haven’t they got? Who has got a cargo of ore on board? 3. Has the crew got a cargo of timber on the board? What has the crew got on the board? Has the crew got a cargo of timber on the board or in the port? The crew has got a cargo of timber on the board, hasn’t it got? Who has got a cargo of timber on the board? 4. Have we got any information on these events? Why have we got any information on these events? Have we got any information on these events or accidents? We have got some information on these events, haven’t we? Who has got any information on these events? 5. Have you got any interests? Why have you got any interests? Have you got any interests or hobbies? I have got some interests, haven’t? Who has got any interests?
UNIT 5.
Оборот there is/ there are
EXERCISE 1.
1. There are many cargoes on board. 2. There is a chart on the table. 3. There are 7 torn bales in this lot. 4. There are many pets at home. 5. There are three mistakes in her test. 6. There is a shortage of cargo under this Bill of Lading. 7. There are 5 mistakes in my tally. 8. There are many rusty tubes on board. 9. There are many countries on this map. 10. There is one sentence on the blackboard.
EXERCISE 3.
1. Are; 2. Are; 3. Wasn’t; 4. Are; 5. Isn’t; 6. Are; 7. Is; 8. Was; 9. Be; 10. Is much; 11. Is anybody; 12. Were; 13. Isn’t; 14. Is somebody; 15. Must have been; 16. Are; 17. Is anything; 18. Are; 19. Will be; 20. were.
UNIT 6.
Pronouns some, any, no
EXERCISE 1.
EXERCISE 2.
1.everything 2. Anything 3.something 4. Nothing, something 5. Anything, nothing 6. Anything, everything 7. Anything 8. Everything 9. Anything 10.nothing
EXERCISE 3.
something 2. Everything 3.something 4. Something 5.anything 6. Nothing 7. Anything, something 8. Something 9. Anything, something 10. something
Unit 8. Pronouns much, many, little, few
EXERCISE 1.
1.little, 2.many, 3.much, 4.few, 5.much, 6.many, 7.few, 8.many, 9.few, 10. Little, few, 11.many, 12.much, little.
EXERCISE 2.
1. little, 2. Few, 3. Little, 4. Few, 5.a little, 6. A few, 7.a little, 8. A few
EXERCISE 3.
1. much, 2.many, 3.a few, 4.much, 5.few, 6.a little, 7.little, 8.much, 9.much,10.many, 11. A little, 12. many, 13. A little, much, 14. A little, 15. Many, 16. Much. 17. A few
UNIT 7.
Глагол «TO BE» в прошедшем и будущем временах
EXERCISE 4.
1. Are, am 2. Are, am 3. Is, is 4. Is, isn’t, is, is, is 5. Is, is 6. Are, is 7. Was, is, will be, won’t.
UNIT 8.
МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ
EXERCISE 1.
1. A; 2. B; 3. C; 4. B; 5. A; 6. A; 7. C; 8. A; 9. B; 10. B; 11. C; 12. B. 13. A;
14. C; 15. A; 16. B; 17. C; 18. C; 19. B; 20. A; 21. B; 22. C; 23. B; 24. A; 25. C
EXERCISE 2.
c | 2. a | 3. c | 4. a | 5. a | 6. a | 7. b | 8. c | 9. c | 10. b
EXERCISE 3.
1. may — must; 2. must — can; 3. would — can; 4. can to speak — can speak
5. didn’t can — couldn’t.
EXERCISE 5.
1. You must define the ship’s position. 2. You should adhere to the rules of navigation. 3. You can solve this problem. 4. You ought to have changed the course, but you didn’t. 5. I had to do that. 6. I’d like to go ashore. 7. Cadets need to pay more attention to their English. 8. You may do everything you want. 9. I’m not sure but he may be wrong. 10. I can count to fifty in Spanish.
Test yourself
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B
16. C 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. A 21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C
UNIT 9.
EXERCISE 1.
1. delivered; 2. made up; 3. crossed; 4. consisted; 5. loaded; unloaded 6. left; 7. put; 8. put; 9. arrived; 10. saw
EXERCISE 2.
1. H e sailed on a Ladoga-type ship last voyage. 2. Mike and his family lived in St. Petersburg in 1997, but they went to see their parents in the country last year. 3. The ship delivered the cargoes from one port to another 3 months ago. 4. They loaded sand in bulk yesterday. 5. Our ship called this port last month. 6. The dockers put empty drums aside two minutes ago. 7. The ship took a load of timber in Novorossiysk last year. 8. My ship needed fuel oil yesterday. 9. Ships left the port on a pilot’s command last week. 10. The second mate accepted leaky drums yesterday.
EXERCISE 3.
1. Did our ship call at this port last year? Why did our ship call at this port last year? Did our ship call at this port last year or week? Our ship called at this port last year, didn’t she? Who called at this port last year?
2. Did the ships leave the port on a pilot’s command yesterday? When did the ships leave the port on a pilot’s command? Did the ships leave the port on a pilot’s command yesterday or 2 days ago? The ships left the port on a pilot’s command yesterday, didn’t they? What left the port on a pilot’s command yesterday?
3. Did we arrive at the port of destination yesterday? Where did we arrive yesterday? Did we arrive at the port of destination or at the port of call yesterday? We arrived at the port of destination yesterday, didn’t we? Who arrived at the port of destination yesterday.
4. Did they load sand in bulk 2 days ago? How did they load sand 2 days ago? Did they load sand in bulk 2 or 3 days ago? They loaded sand in bulk 2 days ago, didn’t they? Who loaded sand in bulk 2 days ago.
5. Did the ship deliver the cargoes from one port to another last month? Where did the ship deliver the cargoes last month? Did the ship deliver the cargoes from one port to another last week or month? The ship delivered the cargoes from one port to another last month, didn’t she? Who delivered the cargoes from one port to another last month?
6. Did Mike make up a cargo plan before the loading yesterday? Why did Mike make up a cargo plan before the loading yesterday? Did Mike make up a cargo plan before the loading or unloading yesterday? Mike made up a cargo plan before the loading yesterday, didn’t he? Who made up a cargo plan before the loading yesterday?
7. Did the second mate accept leaky drums yesterday? When did the second mate accept leaky drums? Did the second mate accept leaky drums or boxes yesterday? The second mate accepted leaky drums yesterday, didn’t he? Who accepted leaky drums yesterday?
EXERCISE 5.
1. made; 2. accepted; 3. are; 4. cleaned; 5. do you always get up; 6. why does the ship deliver; 7. knows; 8. do you sail – no, I don’t; 9. went; 10. was; was.
UNIT 10.
EXERCISE 1.
The ship will take a load of timber in Novorossiysk in 2 days. 2. The dockers will dispose the cargo in the ship’s holds tomorrow. 3. My ship will need fuel oil in 4 hours. 4. The stevedore will secure a sufficient number of gang next Monday. 5. Ships will leave the port on a pilot’s command tomorrow. 6. I won’t accept these two leaky barrels tomorrow. 7. Tallyman will tally the cargo in 2 hours. 8. We will discuss the order of loading next week. 9. Mike will inspect the covering of packages in some minutes. 10. The sworn and the shipper’s will tallymen check up their tallies tomorrow.
EXERCISE 2.
1. Will the dockers dispose the cargo in the ship’s holds tomorrow? Where will the dockers dispose the cargo tomorrow? Will the dockers dispose the cargo in the ship’s holds or on the bottom tomorrow? The dockers dispose the cargo in the ship’s holds tomorrow, won’t they? Who will dispose the cargo in the ship’s holds tomorrow?
2. Will the stevedore secure a sufficient number of gang next Friday? When will the stevedore secure a sufficient number of gang? Will the stevedore secure a sufficient number of gang next Friday or Monday? The stevedore will secure a sufficient number of gang next Friday, won’t he? Who will secure a sufficient number of gang next Friday?
3. Will my ship need fuel oil in 4 hours? What will my ship need in 4 hours? Will my ship need fuel oil or petrol in 4 hours? My ship will need fuel oil in 4 hours, won’t she? Who will need fuel oil in 4 hours?
4. Will the ship take a load of timber in Novorossiysk in a week? What cargo will the ship take a in Novorossiysk? Will the ship take a load of timber in Novorossiysk or Odessa in a week? The ship will take a load of timber in Novorossiysk in a week, won’t she? Who will take a load of timber in Novorossiysk in a week?
5. Will the sworn and the shipper’s tallymen check up their tallies tomorrow? What documents will the sworn and the shipper’s tallymen check up tomorrow? Will the sworn and the shipper’s tallymen check up their tallies or reports tomorrow? The sworn and the shipper’s will tallymen check up their tallies tomorrow, won’t they?
6. Will ship leave the port on a pilot’s command tomorrow? Why will ships leave the port on a pilot’s command tomorrow? Will ships leave the port on a pilot’s command or Master tomorrow? Ships will leave the port on a pilot’s command tomorrow, won’t they? Who will leave the port on a pilot’s command tomorrow?
7. Will Mike inspect the covering of packages in some minutes? When will Mike inspect the covering of packages? Will Mike inspect the covering of packages in some minutes or tomorrow? Mike will inspect the covering of packages in some minutes, won’t he? Who will inspect the covering of packages in some minutes?
Exercise 3.
1. They usually commence the loading at 8 o’clock. They commenced the loading yesterday. They will commence the loading tomorrow. 2. He always sees to proper handling and stowage of the cargo. He will see to proper handling and stowage of the cargo in 2 hours. He saw to proper handling and stowage of the cargo an hour ago. 3. Mike will dispose the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way tomorrow. Mike always disposes the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way. Mike disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way last week. 4. We often place heavy goods in the bottom of the holds. We will place heavy goods in the bottom of the holds in 2 hours. We placed heavy goods in the bottom of the holds yesterday. We often place heavy goods in the bottom of the holds. 5. The second mate and the chief stevedore discussed the cargo plan in every detail 2 days ago. The second mate and the chief stevedore will discuss the cargo plan in every detail in some minutes. The second mate and the chief stevedore always discuss the cargo plan in every detail.
UNIT 11.
EXERCISE 1.
Is lieing, 2. Are working, 3. Are talking, 4.are cooking, is making 5. is driving, is listening, 6. is passing, 7. Is proceeding, 8. are having, 9. are discharging
EXERCISE 2.
1. He is commencing the loading at this moment. 2. Sworn tallymen are keeping the tally on behalf of the ship now. 3. The ship is delivering the cargoes to Helsinki now. 4. They are loading sand in bulk at this moment. 5. Our ship is calling at this port now. 6. The dockers are putting empty drums aside at this moment. 7. The ship is taking a load of timber in Novorossiysk now. 8. We are placing heavy goods in the bottom of the holds now. 9. Ship is leaving the port on a pilot’s command at this moment. 10. The second mate is accepting leaky drums.
EXERCISE 4.
1. tally; 2. are approaching; 3. do you usually get; 4. discharge; 5. is sleeping; 6. doesn’t cost; 7. are loading ; 8. enter; 9. are placing ; 10. is checking up; 11. is taking; 12. is staying; 13. usually deliver; 14. gather; 15. are putting; 16. keeps; 17. calls; 18. takes; 19. is drifting; 20. are loading; 21. send; 22. are making; 23. sails; 24. is increasing; 25. Do you know
TEST YOURSELF
EXERCISE 1.
1. B; 2. C; 3. B; 4. A; 5. B; 6. A; 7. C 8. B; 9. A; 10. C; 11. A; 12. A; 13. B;
14. C; 15. A; 16. A; 17. B; 18. A; 19. C; 20. A; 21. C; 22. A; 23. C; 24. B; 25. B
UNIT 12.
EXERCISE 3.
1. arrived 2. Were loading 3. Were loading. 4.were unloading. 5. was doing 6. were doing 7. was not sleeping . 8. did he do ? - tallied. 9. was doing, was replacing. 10. Was sleeping 11. was not unloading, was repairing. 13.was reading. 14. was working. 15. washed . 16. were washing. 17. Did you go 18. Were doing 19. Was sleeping 20. was blowing.
TEST YOURSELF
EXERCISE 1.
1. B; 2. A; 3. C; 4. A; 5. B; 6. B; 7. A; 8. A; 9. C; 10. A; 11. C; 12. A;
13. B; 14. A; 15. C; 16. C; 17. A; 18. B; 19. C; 20. A; 21. B; 22. A; 23. B
UNIT 13.
EXERCISE 1.
1. shall be going 2. Will you pass 3. will give up 4. will be unloading 5. will be having rest 6. shall be navigating/will be observing 7. will be sleeping 8. will bring 9. will be working 10. will you be.
EXERCISE 2.
1.Will be leaving 2. Will be working 3. Will bekeeping watch 4. Will be sailing 5. Will be having 6. Will be washing 7. Will be playing 8. Will be making 9. Will be cooking 10. Will be having 11. Will you be doing 12. Will be looking 13. Will not be waiting 14. Will be leaving
EXERCISE 3.
1. Will be taking 2. Will be unloading 3. Will be getting ready for
4. Will be doing 5. Will be working6. Will be doing 7. Will be staying
8. Will see
UNIT 14.
EXERCISE 1.
1. has already inspected; 2. has just kept; 3. have never been; 4. has already given; 5. has kept; 6. has just defined; 7. has taken; 8. has called; 9. have already commenced; 10. has just disposed.
EXERCISE 2.
1. Have the dockers already disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds? How have the dockers already disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds? Have the dockers already disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds or on board? The dockers have already disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds, haven’t they? Who has already disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds?
2. Has the stevedore secured a sufficient number of gang today? Why has the stevedore secured a sufficient number of gang today? Has the stevedore secured a sufficient number of gang or cargo handling machinery today? The stevedore has secured a sufficient number of gang today, hasn’t he? Who has secured a sufficient number of gang today?
3. Have the second mate and the chief stevedore already discussed the cargo plan in every detail? What have the second mate and the chief stevedore already discussed the cargo plan in every detail? Have the second mate and the chief stevedore already discussed the cargo plan or Bill of Lading in every detail? The second mate and the chief stevedore have already discussed the cargo plan in every detail, haven’t they? Who has already discussed the cargo plan in every detail.
4. Has the ship just taken a load of timber in Novorossiysk? Where has the ship just taken a load of timber? Has the ship just taken a load of timber in Novorossiysk or Helsinki? The ship has just taken a load of timber in Novorossiysk, hasn’t she? What has just taken a load of timber in Novorossiysk?
5. Have the sworn and the shipper’s tallymen checked up their tallies today? Why have the sworn and the shipper’s tallymen checked up their tallies today? Have the sworn and the shipper’s tallymen checked up their tallies or reports today? The sworn and the shipper’s tallymen have checked up their tallies today, haven’t they? Who has checked up their tallies today?
EXERCISE 3.
1. They have already commenced the loading. They commenced the loading yesterday. 2. Mike has already disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds. Mike disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds yesterday. 3. We have already placed heavy goods in the bottom of the holds. We placed heavy goods in the bottom of the holds yesterday. 4. The second mate and the chief stevedore have already discussed the cargo plan. The second mate and the chief stevedore discussed the cargo plan yesterday. 5. The ship has already taken a load of timber in the port. The ship took a load of timber in the port yesterday. 6. The sworn and the shipper’s tallymen have already checked up their tallies. The sworn and the shipper’s tallymen checked up their tallies yesterday. 7. Ship has already left the port on a pilot’s command. Ship left the port on a pilot’s command yesterday.
EXERCISE 4.
1. He has just inspected the cargo compartments. 2. Mike kept watch twice a day last month. 3. We have already unloaded the ship. 4. They have already commenced the loading. Our ship is leaving the port now. 5. What are you doing here at such a late hour? Are you making up a cargo plan? – No, I have already made up it. I am working at my report. – When did you make up a cargo plan? – I finished it two hours ago.
UNIT 15.
EXERCISE 1.
1. He had inspected the cargo compartments by 10 p.m. yesterday. 2. The tallyman had kept the tally on behalf of the ship by the end of loading. 3. They had shipped the goods by 5 p.m. yesterday. 4. He had given an order to reduce the speed by the time I came back. 5. He had defined the ship's position by the time the ship put to sea. 6. The ship had taken a load of timber in Oslo by the time I came back. 7. Our ship had called at this port by 7 p.m. 8. They had inspected the covering of packages by 5 o’clock yesterday. 9. Mike had disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way by 4 p.m. yesterday. 10. We had discussed the order of loading by the time he came back.
EXERCISE 2.
1. Had our ship called at this port by 7 p.m.? Where had our ship called by 7 p.m.? Had our ship called at this port by 7 or 8 p.m.? Our ship had called at this port by 7 p.m., hadn’t she? What had called at this port by 7 p.m.?
2. Had they shipped the goods by 5 p.m. yesterday? What goods had they shipped by 5 p.m. yesterday? Had they shipped the goods by 5 or 6 p.m. yesterday? They had shipped the goods by 5 p.m. yesterday, hadn’t they? Who had shipped the goods by 5 p.m. yesterday? 3. Had the ship taken a load of timber in Oslo by the time I came back? Where had the ship taken a load of timber by the time I came back? The ship had taken a load of timber in Oslo or Helsinki by the time I came back? What had taken a load of timber in Oslo by the time I came back. 4. Had he defined the ship's position by the time the ship put to sea? Why had he defined the ship's position by the time the ship put to sea? Had he defined the ship's position or weather conditions by the time the ship put to sea? He had defined the ship's position by the time the ship put to sea, hadn’t he? Who had defined the ship's position by the time the ship put to sea. 5. Had they inspected the covering of packages by 5 o’clock yesterday? What had they inspected by 5 o’clock yesterday? Had they inspected the covering of packages by 5 o’clock yesterday or two days ago? They had inspected the covering of packages by 5 o’clock yesterday, hadn’t they? Who had inspected the covering of packages by 5 o’clock yesterday.
EXERCISE 3.
1. had taken the watch; 2. had reduced the speed; 3. had already made up my report; 4. he had assumed the responsibility for the ship’s safety; 5. had chosen the operation duty of the main engines; 6. had secured a sufficient number of gangs and cargo-handling machinery; 7. hadn’t accepted the piece.
EXERCISE 4.
1. We had completed the loading by Monday. 2. One of my group-mates made a tour of Europe last summer. 3. He saw to proper handling and stowage of the cargo yesterday. 4. He hasn’t given an order to reduce the speed yet. 5. They were inspecting the covering of packages when the Master came. 6. Before the Master entered the ship, the watch officer had gone to his cabin. 7. They were shipping the goods at 5 p.m. yesterday. 8. When the Master came, Mike was keeping an eye on the weather conditions and navigational situation. 9. We were approaching the harbour at 10 a.m. yesterday. 10. We were returning from the voyage, when received an order to call at the port.
UNIT 16.
EXERCISE 1.
1. He had inspected the cargo compartments by 10 p.m. yesterday. 2. The tallyman had kept the tally on behalf of the ship by the end of loading. 3. They had shipped the goods by 5 p.m. yesterday. 4. He had given an order to reduce the speed by the time I came back. 5. He had defined the ship's position by the time the ship put to sea. 6. The ship had taken a load of timber in Oslo by the time I came back. 7. Our ship had called at this port by 7 p.m. 8. They had inspected the covering of packages by 5 o’clock yesterday. 9. Mike had disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way by 4 p.m. yesterday. 10. We had discussed the order of loading by the time he came back.
EXERCISE 2.
1. Will the dockers have disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds tomorrow? Where will the dockers have disposed the cargo tomorrow? Will the dockers have disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds or on the bottom tomorrow? The dockers will have disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds tomorrow, won’t they? Who will have disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds tomorrow?
2. Will the stevedore have secured a sufficient number of gang next Friday? When will the stevedore have secured a sufficient number of gang? Will the stevedore have secured a sufficient number of gang next Friday or Monday? The stevedore will have secured a sufficient number of gang next Friday, won’t he? Who will have secured a sufficient number of gang next Friday?
3. Will my ship have needed fuel oil in 4 hours? What will my ship have needed in 4 hours? Will my ship have needed fuel oil or petrol in 4 hours? My ship will have needed fuel oil in 4 hours, won’t she? Who will have needed fuel oil in 4 hours?
4. Will the ship have taken a load of timber in Novorossiysk in a week? What cargo will the ship have taken in Novorossiysk? Will the ship have taken a load of timber in Novorossiysk or Odessa in a week? The ship will have taken a load of timber in Novorossiysk in a week, won’t she? Who will have taken a load of timber in Novorossiysk in a week?
5. Will the sworn and the shipper’s tallymen have checked up their tallies tomorrow? What documents the sworn and the shipper’s tallymen will have checked up tomorrow? Will the sworn and the shipper’s tallymen have checked up their tallies or reports tomorrow? The sworn and the shipper’s tallymen have will checked up their tallies tomorrow, won’t they?
6. Will ship have left the port on a pilot’s command tomorrow? Why will ships have left the port on a pilot’s command tomorrow? Will ships have left the port on a pilot’s command or Master tomorrow? Ships will have left the port on a pilot’s command tomorrow, won’t they? Who will have left the port on a pilot’s command tomorrow?
7. Will Mike have inspected the covering of packages in some minutes? When will Mike have inspected the covering of packages? Will Mike have inspected the covering of packages in some minutes or tomorrow? Mike will have inspected the covering of packages in some minutes, won’t he? Who will have inspected the covering of packages in some minutes?
Exercise 3.
1. They have just discussed proper handling and stowage of the cargo. He had discussed proper handling and stowage of the cargo by 2 o’clock yesterday. He will have discussed proper handling and stowage of the cargo by 2 o’clock tomorrow.
2. Mike will have disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way by 7 p.m. tomorrow. Mike has already disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way. Mike had disposed the cargo in the ship’s holds in the correct way by 7 p.m. yesterday.
3. We have just placed heavy goods in the bottom of the holds. We will have placed heavy goods in the bottom of the holds by 2 p.m. tomorrow. We had placed heavy goods in the bottom of the holds by 2 p.m. yesterday.
4. The second mate and the chief stevedore had discussed the cargo plan in every detail by 5 p.m. yesterday. The second mate and the chief stevedore will have discussed the cargo plan in every detail by 7 p.m. tomorrow. The second mate and the chief stevedore have already discussed the cargo plan in every detail.
UNIT 17.
EXERCISE 1.
1. have been loading 2. has been 3. has fogotten / have been waiting / has called
has noticed / has been running 4. have been eating 5. have read 6. has been snowing/got up 7. has been looking for/ for 8. has been working/ for
has been scrubing 9. has been living/ since 10. has been listening / since 11. have you done 12. have you collected
EXERCISE 2.
1. а) They’re still loading the ship. b) They have already been loading the ship for two hours. 2. a) They are still arguing. b) They have already been arguing for an hour. 3. a) Mike is still sailing. b) Mike has already been sailing for a week. 4. a) Shi is sleeping. b) She has already been sleeping for two hours. 5. a) He is still receiving the cargo. b) He has already been receiving the cargo for 5 hours. 6. a) The tallymen are still tallying the cargo. b) The tallymen have already been tallying the cargo for 3 hours. 7. a) The second mate is still checking the cargo. b) The second mate has already been checking the cargo for 40 minutes. 8. a) She is still learning Spanish. b) She has already been learning Spanish for two years. 9. a) They are still living in Novorossiysk. b) They have already been living in Novorossiysk for 4 months. 10. a) She is still speaking by phone. b) She has already been speaking by phone for 20 minutes. 11. a) The wind is still blowing. b) The wind has already been blowing for two days.
EXERCISE 3.
1. Have the dockers been disposing the cargo in the ship’s holds for a week? Why have the dockers been disposing the cargo in the ship’s holds for a week? Have the dockers been disposing the cargo in the ship’s holds or on board for a week? The dockers have been disposing the cargo in the ship’s holds for a week, haven’t they? Who has been disposing the cargo in the ship’s holds for a week?
2. Has the stevedore been securing a sufficient number of gang for Friday? Has the stevedore been securing a sufficient number of gang for Friday? When has the stevedore been securing a sufficient number of gang? Has the stevedore been securing a sufficient number of gang for Friday or Monday? Who has been securing a sufficient number of gang for Friday.
3. Has he been keeping the dead reckoning for an hour? Why has he been keeping the dead reckoning for an hour? Has he been keeping the dead reckoning for an one or two hour? He has been keeping the dead reckoning for an hour, hasn’t he? Who has been keeping the dead reckoning for an hour?
4. Has the ship been taking a load of timber in Novorossiysk for a week? What has the ship been taking in Novorossiysk for a week? Has the ship been taking a load of timber in Novorossiysk or Odessa for a week? The ship has been taking a load of timber in Novorossiysk for a week, hasn’t she? What has been taking a load of timber in Novorossiysk for a week.
5. Have the sworn and the shipper’s tallymen been checking up their tallies for 2 hours? What documents have the sworn and the shipper’s tallymen been checking up their tallies for 2 hours? Have the sworn and the shipper’s tallymen been checking up their tallies for 2 or 3 hours? The sworn and the shipper’s tallymen have been checking up their tallies for 2 hours, haven’t they? Who has been checking up their tallies for 2 hours.
EXERCISE 4. 1. is tallying, has been tallying; 2. are doing, are loading, have been loading; 3. is, is, is talking, have been talking; 4. live, have been living; 5. is, sails, has been sailing; 6. studies, has been doing, is going; 7. have found, am looking, have been looking, haven’t found; 8. have been playing; 9. have been sleeping; 10. have been waiting, haven’t received; 11. is, has been shining; 12. keep
UNIT 18.
EXERCISE 2.
1 –D; 2 – D; 3 – B; 4 – A; 5 – D; 6 – C; 7 – C; 8 - B; 9 – C; 10-C; 11-B; 12-A;
13-B
EXERCISE 3.
1: made; has been sailing; 2: have not seen; 3: started; have not finished; 4: have been working; started; have not found; 5: Have you been; spent; did you have; stopped; 6: Have you had; had; 7: have missed; 8: have asked; 9: has taken; 10: has gone; 11: started.
EXERCISE 4.
1. 1; 2. 2; 3. 3; 4. 2; 5. 3; 6. 1; 7. 1; 8. 2; 9. 3; 10. 2; 11. 1; 12. 1; 13. 3; 14. 1; 14. 3; 15. 2; 16. 3; 17. 1; 18. 2; 19.1; 20. 1
UNIT 19.
EXERCISE 1.
1.will have been unloading 2.will have been learning 3.will have been working
4.will have been working 5.will have been tallying
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CONTENTS
Предисловие …………………………………………………………….
Unit 1. Неопределенный артикль, глагол «to be» - отрицательные и вопросительные предложения, повелительное наклонение………….
Unit 2. PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE ……………………………..
Unit 3. Предлоги времени, места и направления .…………………….
Unit 4. Определенный артикль, указательные местоимения this, that,
глагол to have. ..…………………………………………………………
Unit 5. Оборот there is/ there are ..……………………………………
Unit 6. Pronouns some, any, no ..………………………………………
Unit 7. Глагол «TO BE» в прошедшем и будущем временах ……
Unit 8. МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ .…………………………………
Unit 9. PAST INDEFINITE TENSE .………………………………………
Unit 10. FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE .……………………………
Unit 11. Present Continuous Tense ……………………………………
Unit 12. Past Continuous Tense . .………………………………………
Unit 13. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE ……………………………
Unit 14. The Present Perfect Tense .……………………………………
Unit 15. The Past Perfect Tense …………………………………………
Unit 16. The Future Perfect Tense ..……………………………………
Unit 17. Present Perfect Continuous ……………………………………
Unit 18. PAST PERFECT CONTIINUOUS ……………………………
Unit 19. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE …….…………
Answers keys …………………………………………………………
Bibliography ………………………………………………………….