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FORMATION:
Do you often visit your grandparents? – I visit them every week.
Does Derek watch television every day? – No, he doesn’t. His parents don’t allow him to waste time on it.
PRESENT INDEFINITE IS USED in the following cases:
Mr. Freeman works in a bank. (permanent state)
He takes the train to work every morning. (daily routine/repeated actions)
We don’t usually watch television in the morning. (repeated action)
Do you always get up at one and the same time? (daily routine)
The sun sets in the west.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
The plane from Brussels arrives 8:30.
When does this shop open?
Peterson overtakes Williams and wins the race. (sports commentary)
Mike Dalton plays the part of Macbeth. (review)
Then the prince gets on his horse and quickly rides away. (narration)
You sprinkle some cheese on the pizza and then you bake it, (instead of: “Sprinkle some cheese on the pizza...”)
when if unless before till until
while after in case as long as as soon as
The children won’t go to the park unless they do all their homework.
As soon as Bertha arrives at the station, she will sent us a telegram.
NOTE:
Don’t confuse adverbial clauses of time and condition and object clauses:
|
Adverbial clauses of time and condition (only present tenses) |
Object clauses (any tense) |
|
Ask Sonia to phone me (when?) when she comes home. – (time) Ask Sonia to phone me (on what condition?) if she comes before 9 p.m. (condition) |
Do you know (what?) when Sonia will come home? I wonder (what?) if Sonia will come before 9 p.m. |
I hate when it drizzles like this.
The cake smells delicious.
usually
often
always
seldom
occasionally
sometimes
ever
rarely
never
permanently
from time to time
now and then
everyday/week/month/year
in the morning/afternoon/ evening
at night, at the weekend,
on Mondays, etc.
Does he ever visit you nowadays?
Pat occasionally writes postcards to her distant relatives.
I do want to meet your parents. – Я дійсно хочу зустрітися з твоїми батьками.
Fiona does insist on your going to Kiev. – Фіона все-таки наполягає на твоїй поїздці до Києва.
Who usually cooks in your family? – Our mum does.
Paula and Jack sometimes visit us at the weekends. – Sorry, I didn’t catch you. Who visits you at the weekends? – Paula and Jack do.
A short answer to the questions of this type are formed with the auxiliary verb “do” or “does”.
Semantically the verb can be classified from different points of view. All the verbs can fall into several groups:
GROUP 1. STATIVE AND DYNAMIC VERBS
to run, to walk, to dress also called state or statal
to be, to see, to know
Most STATIVE VERBS DESCRIBE a state rather than an action and therefore do not normally have continuous tenses, e.g.
Do you know our new neighbours’ name?
Listen! Do you hear anything strange?
STATIVE VERBS INCLUDE:
1. verbs which express likes and dislikes, wishes and emotions
to like to love to dislike to enjoy to detest to prefer
to adore to hate to want to wish to envy to hope
to fear to care
Don’t lie to me! I hate when people lie.
What do you feel when you look at your neighbour’s new house? – I envy them
to see to hear to smell to taste to sense to sound to feel
Jim must be at home.
I can see his car parked outside.
|
to know to believe to understand to realize to remember to forget to notice to recognize to think to seem to see (= understand) to expect (= think) to imagine to suppose |
I expect they will be late.
Jack now realizes that a job like that was very difficult for him.
Do you believe now that I was right?
|
to have to belong to own to possess |
Do you know who this pictures belong to?
My uncle owns a hotel.
to be to contain to include to fit to need to matter
to cost to mean to owe to require to weigh to keep
Martin owes me 15 dollars.
This dress fits you perfectly.
The bag costs a lot.
NOTES:
I can’t see anything, it’s too dark here. (a stative verb)
I’m seeing Mary in the morning. (= I’m meeting her. – a dynamic verb)
What are you doing at the moment? – I’m being lazy, just for a change.
Stop talking back to me. You are being impolite.
I'm enjoying this party a lot. (specific preference)
I enjoy going to parties. (I enjoy parties in general.)
You look/are looking great today.
How are you feeling today? = How do you feel today?