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Jack London, the world famous American writer, who reflected the hopes, conflicts, frustrations and romantic impulses of the period, was born at San Francisco, Calif. , (on) Jan. 12, 1876. His family soon moved to Oakland, Calif., where as he wrote in his autobiographical "John Barleycorn" (1913) he had quitted school at 14 and started working for a living as his family was very poor. Before he was sixteen he had become an oyster pirate but soon he realized that this kind of life was not for him. As a sailor on a sealing cruise he sailed as far as Japan. The experience of the cruise formed the basis of his future sea stories.
As a member of Kelly’s Industrial Army he took part in the march of the unemployed on Washington (1894). Later he joined railroad tramps and was arrested and put in prison for vagrancy. The story "Road" (1907) described what he himself had experienced when riding roads.
About the age of 19 he attended Oakland High School for a short time and then had a year at the University of California. He had to quit college and get a job because he had no money to pay his tuition.
Observation of depression conditions, of social injustice turned him to socialism (1894). Later he decided to join the Socialist Party. In winter of 1897 London joined the gold rush to the Klondike. He got no gold but he had found something better than the yellow metal. The wonderful stories written after he (had) returned were based on the life he had lived and on what he had seen in the North.
One day a San Francisco paper advertised a writing contest. Jack’s mother made him write a story. She used to say that jack had seen and done a lot, that he had always been an excellent storyteller. London wrote a story and it won the first prize, 25 dollars.
His first book "The Son of the Wolf" (1900) gained a wide audience. During his short life London wrote 50 books. The main theme of his books was the struggle of the individual to survive and achieve success. His most popular books are: "The God of His Fathers" (1901), "The Call of the Wild" (1903), "The Sea Wolf" (1904), "White Fang" (1905) and "Martin Eden" (1909).
In three of his books he made an attempt to describe the class struggle: "The War of Classes" (1905), "The Iron Heel" (1907) and "Revolution" (1908).
After 1909 London broke with the American socialist movement and resigned from the Socialist Party, which, as he thought, had betrayed the working class and sold itself to the ruling class.