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КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №3
Для правильного выполнения контрольной работы №3 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы английской грамматики:
ВАРИАНТ 1
US Population Will Fall After 2050
The US population is likely to rise by about a third to 309 million by the year 2050 and then begin to decline according to the statistic Bureau.
It was the first time the bureau had classified zero population growth as a likely outcome in this country.
The bureau also said 21.7 percent of the population is likely to be over age 65 by 2050, up from 11.4 percent now, while blacks would probably make up 16.8 percent then, as against 11.9 percent now.
The report said female life expectancy is expected to rise to 83.6 years in 2050 from 78.3 now and male life expectancy to 75.1 years from 70.7.
The US population is now about 232 million and is growing at a rate of about nine-tenths of 1 percent a year. The bureau said this growth rate is likely to fade gradually, and the nation is likely to reach zero population growth by the middle of the next century.
The bureau is assuming, among many other things that the percentage of women in the labour force will continue to rise.
Large increases in the proportion of extremely old people are expected to increase the need for nursing homes, for example, and the general aging of the population will further drain the Social Security and Medicare systems for old-age pensions and medical care. All this will happen as the proportion of working-age people that can support the elderly is declining.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №3
Для правильного выполнения контрольной работы №3 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы английской грамматики:
ВАРИАНТ 2
England Needs More Rain
Those who complain about our weather may be surprised to learn that there are some people in England who want more rain. We certainly have greater amount of water than many other countries, but we don't get as much as we need. Two or three weeks in the summer without rain and we have problems. The trouble is partly that the rain falls in the wrong place, partly that we can't store enough of it, and partly that we use much more than we need.
Most of Britain's rain falls in Wales and Scotland, but we need it in the drier South-East England, and Midlands.
Of course we store this water and send it to the other parts of the country. Birmingham, for example, the second largest city in England, gets its water from North Wales. But our reservoirs are now a hundred years old and need to be much larger. Both at home and in our factories we use much more water than we did a hundred years ago. It takes 100,000 gallons of water to make one car. Factories at least pay for the water they employ, but in our homes we only pay to have water. After that we can use as much as we want. Finally, what we have left in our rivers is so dirty that we can't use it.
To cope with this problem isn't simple. First we must find a way of keeping our water clean. Factories needn't use so much, they must learn to reuse water and go ahead with studying the new ways of using water from the sea.
2. Factories must learn to reuse water, mustn’t they?
3. Do the English factories pay for the water?
4. Where does most of Britain’s rain fall?
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №3
Для правильного выполнения контрольной работы №3 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы английской грамматики:
ВАРИАНТ 3
Pollution
The British, like many other Europeans, are becoming more and more worried about their environment. Here are some of the environmental problems we face.
As the pollution of large cities like London, Bir mingham and Manchester continues to grow, the pollution problems get worse.
The air in many towns and cities has been polluted by traffic and industry. Water pollution has been a serious problem for many British rivers. Since 1950 the amount of annually renewable fresh water available for human being has fallen by more than half.
High-rise blocks become prisons for the people who live in them.
We throw out a great deal of valuable materials. Paper, glass, metal and plastics can all be recycled.
The number of cars and lorries is growing all the time. They need bigger, better and more expensive roads, which often ruin the countryside. Traffic in our cities is getting worse and worse.
If we are unable to learn to use the environment carefully and protect it from damage caused by man’s activities, very soon we’ll have no world to live in.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №3
Для правильного выполнения контрольной работы №3 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы английской грамматики:
ВАРИАНТ 4
Earth’s Most Precious Resource
Over the last 300 years, world population has increased sevenfold, but water
use has increased by 35 times. Since 1950, the amount of annually renewable
fresh water available per human being has fallen by more than half.
While domestic users in rich countries tend to be wasteful in their use of water, regarding it as essentially free and plentiful, they play only a small part in total water use. On the other hand, the quality of water needed for domestic use is much higher than that needed for industry or farming.
Although 70% of the Earth is covered by seawater and about 3% by ice, neither of these is easily transformed into usable water. Less than 1% of the Earth's total water resources are usable for drinking, farming or industry.
As a general rule, 80 litres of water per person a day are enough for a reasonable quality of life, but the regional differences are considerable. An American uses 400 litres, while an inhabitant of Burundi may have to survive on 10 litres or less.
Consumption is much higher where pipelines are laid than in regions where water has to be carried from a well. Thus the provision of piped water services - greatly increases water use.
It is difficult to establish precise figures for safe drinking water, but it is thought that 1.3 billion people worldwide do not have this basic service. Not surprisingly, the problem is much worse in rural areas than in towns. Dirty water is the world's biggest health risk. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 10 million people died annually from polluted drinking water from the beginning of the 1990s.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №3
Для правильного выполнения контрольной работы №3 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы английской грамматики:
ВАРИАНТ 5
Environment
The modern world faces many major problems to which there are no easy solutions. These include unemployment, health, over-population and of course the environment. All influence our lives, but the environment is really the most important. There are urgent issues that need to be solved including global warming, pollution and the loss of species. But there is no clearly seen global move to deal with these problems. Also, changes in the environment have a direct impact on the whole planet. The climate change and destruction of ecosystems can endanger the life on the planet if not dealt with quickly and at an international level. Environmental issues affect the actual existence of life itself. If we want our children to live in the same world we live in, or in a better and healthier world, we are to learn to protect the water, the air and the earth from pollution. If we are unable to learn to use the environment carefully and protect it from damage caused by man’s activities, very soon we’ll have no world to live in. It is clear, therefore, that protecting the environment is the most important problem facing the world today.