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ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«СТАВРОПОЛЬСКАЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ»
МИНИСТЕРСТВА ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ И СОЦИАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Кафедра иностранных языков
ПРАКТИКУМ
ПО УСТНОЙ РЕЧИ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ-МЕДИКОВ
ENGLISH
Ставрополь
2012
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«СТАВРОПОЛЬСКАЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ» МИНИСТЕРСТВА ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ И СОЦИАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Кафедра иностранных языков
ПРАКТИКУМ
ПО УСТНОЙ РЕЧИ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ-МЕДИКОВ
Ставрополь
2012
УДК 371.3:802.0(075.5)
ББК 74.268.1:81.2 англ я73
ПРАКТИКУМ ПО УСТНОЙ РЕЧИ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ. Учебное пособие для студентов-медиков. – Ставрополь: Изд-во: СтГМА. – 2012. –188 с.
Составители:
Знаменская Стояна Васильевна, к.п.н., доцент, заведующая кафедрой иностранных языков, декан факультета иностранных студентов СтГМА.
Бирюкова Татьяна Ивановна, к.п.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков СтГМА.
Анисимова Наталия Александровна, к.п.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков СтГМА.
Чернобривая Татьяна Геннадьевна, старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков СтГМА.
Паршинцева Наталия Николаевна, старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков СтГМА.
Финенко Татьяна Николаевна, старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков СтГМА.
Науменко Валентина Анатольевна, старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков СтГМА.
Агафонова Елена Сергеевна, к.п.н., старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков СтГМА.
Учебное пособие по устной речи предназначено для студентов-медиков, изучающих английский язык. Оно включает основные профилированные медицинские темы, а также наиболее распространенные темы повседневно-обиходной тематики.
Учебное пособие составлено в соответствии с рабочими учебными программами по дисциплине и является дополнением к централизованным учебникам по английскому языку.
УДК 371.3:802.0(075.5)
ББК 74.268.1:81.2 англ я73
Рецензенты:
Шибкова О. С., д. ф. н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой иностранных языков естественнонаучных и экономических специальностей Ставропольского государственного университета.
Маяцкая Н.К., к. пед. н., доцент, заведующая кафедрой русского языка Ставропольской государственной медицинской академии.
Рекомендовано к печати редакционно-издательским советом Ставропольской государственной медицинской академии
Ставропольская государственная медицинская академия, 2012
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Практикум по устной речи для студентов-медиков включает 19 тем повседневного общения, страноведческого характера, а также профессионально ориентированные устные темы на английском языке.
Целью данного пособия является развитие у студентов умений и навыков иноязычного общения в различных сферах и ситуациях.
Тематика устных тем соответствует предложенной программе по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» для медицинских вузов и ФГОС-III. Изучение тем пособия будет способствовать развитию у учащихся следующих общекультурных и профессиональных компетенций:
владеть навыками коммуникации в иноязычной среде на уровне профессионального и бытового общения;
использовать различные формы устной и письменной коммуникации на английском языке в учебной и профессиональной деятельности;
быть способным использовать навыки публичной речи, ведения дискуссии и полемики;
иметь представление о культуре и традициях стран изучаемого языка, о медицинском образовании и обслуживании, об особенностях межкультурного общения на английском языке.
Структура пособия
Каждая тема пособия включает полный топиковый вокабуляр, базовый текст и дополнительные тексты и диалоги. Система упражнений и творческие задания темы разработаны для усвоения и закрепления изучаемого материала, а также для развития дискутивных умений и навыков.
Основными видами речевых упражнений, представленных в пособии, являются: вопросно-ответные, ситуативные, подстановочные, дискутивные и инициативные задания (ролевые игры, ситуационные задачи, диалоги, интервью).
Работа в лингафонном кабинете по каждой теме предполагает отработку правильного произношения, интонации и выполнения заданий с использованием видео и аудио технических средств.
Авторы считают, что практическое применение данного пособия будет в большой степени способствовать развитию у студентов-медиков иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции и поможет им владеть английским языком на уровне и объеме, достаточным для общения и ведения дискуссии.
Методические рекомендации по работе с пособием
Все темы пособия имеют определенную структуру. Порядок подачи материала каждой темы одинаков, задания четко сформулированы, что нацеливает и дает установку учащимся на их выполнение. Рекомендуется следующая методика работы по каждой теме:
Тема 1. Студент-медик о себе
THE MEDICAL STUDENT ABOUT HIMSELF
Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором:
экзамены
факультет
образования
smb’s hands
настроении
к кому-либо
отношениях, ладить друг
с другом
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
THE MEDICAL STUDENT ABOUT HIMSELF
My name is …. I was born in … in Stavropol. I am … years old.
This year I finished the secondary school. From earliest schooldays I had dreamed to become a doctor. This year I passed the General State Examinations successfully and entered the General Medicine Faculty of the Stavropol State Medical Academy. Now I’m a first-year student of the Academy.
I want to tell you a few words about my family. My family is large. I have got a mother, a father, a sister, a brother and a grandmother. My mother is a pediatrician. She works at a clinic. She is a good-looking woman with brown hair. She is forty-four but she looks much younger. My mother keeps house and takes care of me, my brother and my father. She is very good at cooking and is clever with her hands. My father and I try to help her with the housework. I wash the dishes, go shopping and tidy our flat.
My father is a computer programmer. He is a broad-shouldered, tall man with fair hair and grey eyes. He is forty-six. He is also handy with many things. When we are at home and have some free time, we watch video or football matches together.
My parents have been married for twenty-six years. They have much in common, but they have different views on music, books, films, and sports. But they have the same opinion about my education and upbringing.
My grandmother is a pensioner. She lives with us and helps to run the house.
My sister Helen is twenty-three. She is married and has a family of her own. She works as an accountant at a joint venture company. Her husband is a lawyer. They have a son. They live not far from us.
My brother Alex is fifteen. He is a schoolboy. He wants to become an economist, but he is not sure yet. And some words about me. I’m tall, fair-haired and even-tempered. I always try to be in a good mood.
We have a lot of relatives. We are deeply attached to each other and we get on very well.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по теме:
1. What is your name?
2. Where and when were you born?
3. How old are you?
3. When is your birthday?
4. Is your family large? How many are you in the family?
5. Have you got any brothers or sisters?
6. What are your parents? Where do they work?
7. How long have your parents been married?
8. Do they have much in common?
9. How much time do you spend with your family?
10. What sort of things do you do together?
11. Do you go out with your parents?
12. Who runs the house in your family?
13. What are your household duties?
14. What can you say about your relatives?
Задание 2. Закончите предложения логически, найдя окончание в правом столбце. Переведите на русский язык.
1. From earliest schooldays… 1. we watch video
2. This year I passed… 2. for twenty-six years
3. My mother is… 3. the General State Examinations
4. My father and I… 4. try to help мother with the housework
5. When we are at home… 5. about my education and upbringing
6. My parents have been married… 6. I had dreamed to take up medicine
7. They have the same opinion… 7. and we get on very well
8. We are deeply attached to each other… 8. a pediatrician
Задание 3. Расскажите о своем друге или подруге, о его (ее) характере. Используйте следующие слова:
Задание 4. Поставьте глагол в скобках в нужную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. My sister not (to work), she (to study) at a college. 2. His grandmother (to live) in Moscow. 3. We always (to help) our mother about the house. 4. I often (to prepare) dinner for my family. 5. Where (to do) your father work? 6. My brother and sister (to spend) their holidays in the country. 7. When (to do) Nick come home from school? 8. Her relatives often (to visit) us. 9. My sister (to teach) physics at the Institute. 10. My uncle and my aunt (to live) in the countryside.
Задание 5. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1. Я родился в … году. 2. Сколько вам лет? – Мне восемнадцать лет. 3. У вас большая семья? 4. Мой старший брат женат. Его жена – педиатр. 5. У моей мамы приятная внешность. 6. Мое хобби – чтение. 7. Мой отец любит играть в футбол, а мама – готовить. 8. Мои родители вместе уже 25 лет. 9. Его бабушка на пенсии, но все еще продолжает работать. 10. У них много общего. 11. У нас много родственников и все мы ладим друг с другом. 12. Я практически все умею делать своими руками. 13. Мой младший брат мечтает стать экономистом. 14. У них единое мнение по поводу воспитания детей. 15. Моя подруга – высокая светловолосая девушка.
Текст на аудирование
Задание 1. Повторяйте за диктором слова и словосочетания. Запомните их значения.
на автобусе
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание:
MY WORKING DAY
My working day begins about seven o’clock. I put on my dressing gown and slippers and go to the bathroom. I brush my teeth and wash my face. Then I take a shower and go back to the bedroom to dress.
I have breakfast at a quarter to eight. I always cook breakfast myself and try to make something special. I like bacon and eggs, sausages and cheese and a cup of tea or coffee. I wish mother wouldn’t worry about me.
After breakfast I go to the Academy by bus. It takes me half an hour to get to the Academy. I never arrive late. I can say that my study at the Academy is very interesting. Every day I have one lecture and two practical classes which are delivered by our qualified teachers (assistants) and professors. They are very good specialists. My dream is to become a good doctor and I hope it will come true.
At 13 o’clock we have a break for lunch. I usually have lunch with a friend of mine. I take stewed meat or beefsteak or chops with salad and a cup of coffee or tea. My friend likes a proper meal. He has soup, steak, or fish with vegetables and juice. We have a chat before beginning our lessons again.
Sometimes after classes I go to the library where I read additional literature on Anatomy, Biology, History and other subjects. Twice a week I go to the dissecting-room. Here I prepare for my Anatomy classes.
Sometimes I help my mother to do some shopping. I prefer to buy vegetables and fruit, milk, butter and cheese, bread and sugar. I help her to clean the flat.
At half past seven we have supper. I like this time best of all. Sometimes we talk, listen to music or watch television. But usually I have a lot of work to do. I have to prepare for my classes. I go to bed at 12 o’clock.
I like swimming and once a week I go to the swimming pool.
Задание 3. Изложите основное содержание текста на русском языке.
Задание 4. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. At what time do you usually get up?
2. Do you take a shower, brush your teeth?
3. At what time do you generally have breakfast?
4. What do you like for breakfast?
5. How long does it take you to get to the Academy?
6. How do you get there?
7. What classes do you have at the Academy?
8. When do you have a break for lunch?
9. What do you have for lunch?
10. Where do you go after classes?
11. What do you prepare at the dissecting-room?
12. What are your hobbies?
13. Do you help your mother?
14. What do you usually do when you stay at home in the evening?
15. Do you often meet with your friends?
16. What do you do in your days off?
Задание 5. Закончите следующие предложения:
1. I wake up…
2. I have breakfast at…
3. For my breakfast I always have…
4. I always get to the academy…
5. My dream is…
6. For my dinner I prefer…
7. After classes I go to the…
8. It takes me 4 hours to…
9. In the evening I usually…
10. Usually I go to bed at…
Задание 6. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1. Мой рабочий день начинается в 8 часов утра. Я встаю обычно в 6 часов, а в воскресенье я встаю немного позже. 2. А когда вы встаете? 3. Мы завтракаем и ужинаем дома, а обедаем в столовой. 4. Где вы обычно проводите свой выходной день? 5. Как он добирается в академию? 6. Я трачу на домашнее задание 4 часа каждый день. 7. Он делает по утрам зарядку. 8. Мы всегда помогаем маме по дому. 8. У нас 4 занятия каждый день. 9. Когда ты возвращаешься из академии домой? 10. По вечерам я обычно смотрю телевизор или общаюсь с друзьями. 11. Когда ты обычно ложишься спать?
The Dialogue
Задание 1. Запомните значения следующих словосочетаний:
1. the Head of the hostel заведующая общежитием
2. to perform under the guidance of проводиться под руководством
3. competent teaching staff штат компетентных преподавателей
Задание 2. Прослушайте диалог. Воспроизведите его в парах:
In The Student’s Hostel
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Выполните лабораторную работу по теме в лингафонном кабинете.
Выучите новые слова и выражения по теме.
Переведите тексты темы на русский язык.
Составьте план пересказа темы на русском языке (используйте графологическую структуру к теме).
Подготовьте пересказ и диалог по теме на английском языке.
Подготовьтесь к участию в беседе по ситуационным задачам к теме.
Тема 2. Медицинская академия
The Medical Academy
Задание 1. Запомните произношение следующих слов. Повторяйте их за диктором:
Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором:
Medical-Biological Education медико-биологического
образования
студентов
and Additional Education и дополнительного образования
Education образования
заведение
общество, кружок
исследовательской работы
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
THE STAVROPOL STATE MEDICAL ACADEMY
The Stavropol State Medical Academy was founded in 1938. Since that time thousands of highly skilled specialists working all over the world were prepared at the Academy. The Academy is one of the largest educational and scientific medical centres of Russia. It is listed in the World Directory of medical schools published by the World Health Organization (WHO) that gives the chance to graduates to get a job in any country of the world after passing the national exam.
The Academy was awarded with the international awards: «The Gold Medal of the International Biography Centre», «The Cannes Silver Medal» and the title «The Flagman of the XXI Century» as the most dynamically developing enterprise. In 2010 the Academy became the winner of the All-Russia economic project «Leaders of Modernisation».
The main faculties in the Academy are: the Faculty of General Medicine, the Faculty of Pediatrics, the Faculty of Dentistry, the Faculty of Humanities and Medical-Biological Education, the Foreign Students’ Faculty. There are also the Faculty of Pre-University Education and the Institute of Postgraduate and Additional Education.
Rector is at the head of the Academy. Each faculty is headed by the dean.
The General Medicine Faculty is the biggest one. It trains physicians for adult population in three main specialties: Therapy, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology. The training lasts six years.
The Faculty of Pediatrics trains doctors of two specialties: Pediatrics and Children’s Surgery. The course of study here lasts six years.
The Faculty of Dentistry trains dentists. The course of study lasts five years. The graduates of this faculty are prepared in such dental specialties as dental therapeutists, dental surgeons, and dental orthopedists.
The foreign students from Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America are trained at the Foreign Students’ Faculty. The English-speaking students are taught in English and it enables them to study without preliminary training at the Preparatory Courses.
New lines for preparation of specialists at the Faculty of Humanities and Medical-Biological Education are opened in the Academy in 2011. They are: Defectology, Biology, Biotechnology, Physical Training for Persons with Health Deviations (Adaptive Physical Training), Economics, and Social Work.
For the first two years, the students of the Academy study pre-clinical subjects such as Anatomy, Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Latin, Russian and Foreign Languages.
Clinical subjects are taught beginning from the third year. They are Propaedeutics of Internal and Children’s Diseases, General Surgery, Neurology, Urology, Traumatology, Dermatovenerology, Otorhinolaryngology, Ophthalmology, Clinical Pharmacology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and others.
The academic year consists of two terms. At the end of each term the students pass examinations and tests. There are all created conditions for successful mastering of doctor’s profession at the Academy. Many students attend the students’ scientific societies and take part in annual scientific conferences. They carry out a lot of laboratory and clinical researches. The students who study well get grants, which are paid monthly.
The teaching staff of the Academy is highly skilled. The Academy has the modern material and technical base, providing a high educational level. The Academy has modern learning and medical equipment, computer classes, and electronic library.
The main task of the Faculty of Pre-University Education is to help to the prospective applicants in their quest to become the students of the Medical Academy.
Training at the Faculty of Pre-University Education gives an opportunity for schoolchildren to become better acquainted with the medical profession and to obtain the research work skills, to meet the prominent scientists and clinicians, to learn about the past and the future of medicine, to visit departments and museums of the Academy.
The Institute of Postgraduate and Additional Education of the Stavropol State Medical Academy carries out preparation, retraining and improvement of professional skills of doctors and medical staff within 46 specialties in the area of postgraduate training (clinical residency and internship) and within 73 specialties of additional training.
The students of our Academy have all facilities for sports and health supporting: there is a camp on the Black Sea, sports complex with a swimming-pool and gyms, the students’ health centre, the students’ polyclinic and the stomatological polyclinic.
Graduates of the Stavropol State Medical Academy work in all corners of our country and abroad, they lead the departments of alma mater and many other universities, they are the heads of public health service establishments and research institutes.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту:
When was the Stavropol State Medical Academy founded?
What new lines for preparation of specialists were opened in 2011?
Who is at the head of our Academy?
Who is each faculty headed by?
What faculties are there in the Academy?
What specialties does each faculty train?
What subjects do the students study during the first two years?
What clinical subjects are taught beginning with the third year?
How many terms does the academic year consist of?
What is the course of training at each faculty?
What faculty do the foreign students study at?
What created conditions are there for successful mastering of the doctor’s profession at our Academy?
What is the teaching staff of the Academy?
What facilities for sport and health supporting have the students of our Academy?
Where may graduates of the Academy work?
Задание 2. Вставьте пропущенные слова и переведите предложения на русский язык.
Задание 3. Спросите своего собеседника.
|
Ask your friend |
- when our Academy was founded. - what students are trained at our Academy. - what faculties are in the Academy. - if the Faculty of General Medicine is the biggest one. - if it trains physicians for adult population. - how long the training lasts. - what subjects the students study during the first two years. - when clinical subjects are taught. - if the Faculty of Pediatrics trains the doctors of two specialties. - at what faculty the English-speaking students study. - when the students pass examinations and tests. |
Задание 4. Прочитайте и определите, на каком факультете учится студент медицинской академии.
I receive the knowledge of development and growth of a child’s organism. This faculty trains doctors of two specialties. The course of training here takes six years.
I study at the biggest faculty of our Academy. The course of training here takes six years. This faculty trains physicians for adult population in three specialties.
I am an English-speaking student of the Academy. I am from India. But some of my friends came from different countries of the world for training here.
Текст на аудирование
Задание 1. Повторяйте за диктором слова и словосочетания. Запомните их значение:
представлениями)
удобства, приспособления
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание.
EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
The students’ life is not limited to lectures, practical classes, tests and exams. Studying at the Academy students can develop their hobbies by singing, performing arts, choreography, and folk dance.
There are many talented students at our Academy They can take part in a «KVN» team, and festivals. The students participate in the volunteer movement. Besides, Russian and foreign students can take part in the organized actions devoted to celebration of different holidays in our town and in the Academy.
In order to support their health and to be in a good physical form the students go in for sports. They like to take part in sport competitions and to win them. The Academy has a sports complex with a swimming pool, and gyms.
There are all created conditions for improvement and supporting of the students’ health: the Students’ Polyclinic, the Stomatological Polyclinic, and the Students’ Health Centre. The Students’ Health Centre of the Academy carries out monitoring of the students’ health. There is a sanatorium, where the students receive comprehensive treatment.
One of the main components of the young people’s health is their nutrition. For this purpose, canteens and refreshment rooms are opened in the educational buildings and students’ hostels. The Academy has four students’ hostels with furnished apartments for 2-3 persons. Kitchens are equipped with all necessary facilities. There are shower rooms, washing rooms at the hostels.
Annually within summer vacations, the students have an opportunity to have a rest at the camp on the Black Sea.
Задание 3. Вставьте необходимые по смыслу слова.
Задание 4. Расположите предложения соответственно содержанию текста.
Задание 5. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.
Задание 6. Составьте план к тексту. Передайте содержание текста сначала на русском языке, а затем на английском.
The Dialogue
Задание 1. Прослушайте диалог. Воспроизведите его в парах:
A Talk between Two Students
B. – I want to introduce myself. I’m Boris and what’s your name?
S. – My name is Sergei. Glad to meet you. Are you a student?
B. – Yes, I am. I’m a first-year student of the Stavropol State Medical Academy, and what about you?
S. – I’m a first-year student of the Stavropol Medical College. Did you enter the Academy straight from the school?
B. – No, I didn’t. First I worked at a hospital as a nurse during a year.
S. – I see. I want to continue my study at the Academy too. How many faculties are there at your Academy?
B. – There are many faculties at our Academy. The Faculty of General Medicine is the biggest one. It trains physicians for adult population in three specialties.
S. – How long does the course of studies last there?
B. – The course of studies at this faculty and at the Faculty of Pediatrics takes 6 years and it takes 5 years at the Stomatological Faculty.
S. – What faculty do you study at?
B. – I study at the Faculty of General Medicine.
S. – How long does the academic year run?
B. – It runs from the first of September till the end of June.
S. – When are examinations and tests held at your Academy?
B. – We have examinations and tests at the end of each term.
S. – How many examinations will you pass this winter term?
B. – This winter term we shall not pass examinations, we shall pass tests.
S. – Good luck to you.
B. – Thank you. Good luck to you too.
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Тема 3. Медицинское образование в России
THE MEDICAL EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
Задание 1. Запомните произношение следующих слов. Повторяйте их за диктором:
Задание 2. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором.
Экзамен (ЕГЭ)
предметы
работа
and Additional Education и дополнительного образования
Задание 3. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
MEDICAL EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
All establishments of higher medical education are financed and guided by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.
Doctors of different specialties are trained at medical institutions of higher education, at medical universities and academies. There are also pharmaceutical academies, which train specialists in pharmacy.
Medical institutions of higher education offer various faculties and specialties which an entrant may choose according to his or her abilities and wishes. Nowadays a new examination system is being introduced. The so-called «The General State Exam» allows pupils to enter any institution of higher education according to its results.
Medical colleges train paramedical personnel: nurses, midwives, dental technicians and doctor’s assistants. The course of studies is 3-4 years.
The training at medical institutions of higher education takes 5 or 6 years. It consists of lectures, practical classes and medical practice. The attendance of lectures, practical classes and seminars is compulsory. Academic year begins on September the 1st and is divided into two semesters of four months each. At the end of each semester the students have to pass examinations and tests. If a student passes the exams well he gets a grant paid monthly.
The curriculum includes theoretical and clinical subjects. For the first two years students study pre-clinical subjects such as: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Social Sciences, Latin and so on. They also study Human Anatomy, Physiology, Histology, and Microbiology. Clinical subjects are taught from the third to the fifth or sixth year.
The students have practical course at therapeutic, surgical and other departments in hospitals and clinics. They master practical skills in clinical conditions. They are taught how to take and record the patient’s case history, to carry on medical examination of the patient, to make diagnosis, to prescribe treatment and carry on different medical procedures.
There are all facilities for talented students to carry on research work. They attend scientific societies at different departments where they are offered modern guidelines for research activity.
Having passed state examinations graduates receive their diplomas and can apply for clinical internship.
The post graduate course and the Institute of Post-Diploma and Additional Education are for doctors, who want to improve their qualification. During three years the post-graduate students prepare a thesis, defend it and obtain the degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
2. Where are the doctors trained?
3. Where are the specialists in pharmacy trained?
4. Who may enter a medical institution of higher education?
6. Whom do the medical colleges train?
7. What is the course of training at the medical institution of higher education?
8. How many semesters has the academic year?
9. What subjects does the curriculum include?
10. Where do the students have medical practice?
11. What are the students taught during medical practice?
12. Where do the students carry on research work?
13. When do the graduates receive their diplomas?
14. Where can the doctors improve their qualification?
15. For what degree does the post-graduate student defend a thesis?
Задание 2. Закончите предложения логически, найдя окончание в правом столбце. Переведите их на русский язык.
|
I. In all Russian medical institutions of higher education… |
I. where they are offered modern guidelines for research activity. |
|
2. Clinical subjects are taught… |
2. at therapeutic, surgical and other departments. |
|
3. The students attend scientific societies… |
3. the training takes five or six years. |
|
4. The students have practical course… |
4. for the doctors, who want to improve their qualification. |
|
5. The post-graduate course is… |
5. from the third year. |
Задание 3. Задайте специальные вопросы, ответами на которые будут следующие предложения:
Model: – The course of training at medical institutions of higher education is six years.
– What is the course of training at medical institutions of higher education?
1. Medical schools train paramedical personnel. 2. The attendance of lectures is compulsory for all students. 3. Clinical subjects are taught from the third year. 4. The students have medical practice in clinics and hospitals. 5. Doctors can improve their qualification at the Institute of Post-Diploma and Additional Education.
Задание 4. Продолжите следующие утверждения. Выразите свое согласие или несогласие. Начните свое высказывание фразами: I agree with you that… I think you are not right saying that…
1. All entrants take entrance examinations.
2. Medical schools train doctors.
3. For the first two years students study pre-clinical subjects.
4. The students have medical practice from the second year.
5. After the State Examinations the graduates can apply for clinical internship.
6. Post-graduate student obtains the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.
Задание 5. Вы учитесь на 6 курсе лечебного факультета. Расскажите о своих занятиях, используя следующие словосочетания:
The final year of medical training, medical practice at the hospital, clinical internship, surgical department, to assist at operations, clinical conferences, to treat patients, to attend lectures, to take final examinations.
Текст на аудирование
Задание 1. Запомните значение следующих слов и словосочетаний:
of Medicine (B.M.) медицины (присваиваемая
врачам-терапевтам)
Medicine (M.D.)
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст, постарайтесь понять его содержание.
Medical Education in Great Britain
In Great Britain physicians are trained in medical schools or faculties of universities.
To enter a medical school in Great Britain the candidates must pass entrance examinations in oral form. Tuition is charged. Most students receive financial assistance in the form of grants.
The academic year is divided into 3 terms each of 10-11-week duration.
Two pre-clinical years are occupied by Human Anatomy, Biology, Physiology, Biochemistry and other subjects.
Students attend lectures, do dissections and practical work in labs.
Beginning from the third year, students study the methods of clinical examinations and history taking; they have practical training in teaching hospitals. Besides the work in the wards the students attend lectures and study clinical subjects.
After passing the finals the students are given the degree of Bachelor of Medicine (B.M.) or Bachelor of Surgery (B.S.). Besides these degrees there is the degree of Doctor of Medicine (D.M.). This degree is a post graduate qualification obtained by a thesis.
Exercises
Задание 1. Расскажите на русском языке, что вы поняли, прослушав текст.
Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. Where are doctors trained in G.B.?
2. What examinations is it necessary to pass?
3. Is education in G.B. charged?
4. How many terms has the academic year?
5. What subjects do the students study?
6. What degrees are given to students in G.B. after passing the finals?
Задание 3. Расскажите на английском языке, чем отличается подготовка врачей в нашей стране и в Великобритании.
Dialogue
Задание 1. Вы беседуете со студентом из Индии. Ответьте на его вопросы в форме диалога на английском языке.
1. Question: Look, I told my parents that I’d like to become a doctor. They advised me to go to Russia. Medical education in Great Britain costs a lot of money. And what about your country?
1. Answer: … .
2. Question: What subjects shall we study in the first two years?
2. Answer: … .
3. Question: What about the clinical subjects?
3. Answer: … .
4. Question: Shall we take examinations every year?
4. Answer: … .
5. Question: Where do the students have medical practice?
5. Answer: … .
6. Question: When shall we begin our specialization?
6. Answer: … .
7. Question: When do the graduates receive their diploma?
7. Answer: … .
8. Question: Where do foreign students live?
8. Answer: … .
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Тема 4. Путешествие
TRAVELLING
Задание 1. Запомните произношение следующих слов:
Задание 2. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором:
следования
Задание 3. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание:
Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries, modern cities or the ruins of ancient towns.
Some people like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, other people prefer a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains.
There are various means of transport. If you want to get somewhere as quickly as possible, the best way is to travel by plane. It gives you comfort and saves your time. It's better to book tickets in advance. You may book a single, return or open return ticket. When booking a ticket you should mention what class you are going to travel: first, business or economy class. Keep in mind, you have to come to the airport one and a half hour before the flight. Before boarding the plane you should check-in (register) your luggage at a check-in desk. Here you are required to have your luggage weighed and a clerk attaches a special tag to it. There is no need to worry about your luggage any longer.
Then you must go through the security check, passport and Customs control (when you go abroad). Now you may go to the gate, where your flight is boarding.
It often happens that a delay on a flight is announced. In this case you have to wait till you hear the announcement that your flight is boarding.
When the plane is taking off, the passengers fasten their seat belts and listen to the information about the flight. An air-hostess (stewardess) offers you mineral water, juice, or something to eat. You may look down on the earth. It’s like a geographical map. The time passes quickly. The plane usually arrives at the airport on time.
Travelling by railway is slower than by plane but it has its advantages. You can see the countryside around you, read books or magazines, play chess or cards. It's not boring if you have good companions in the compartment. I'm fond of travelling by fast long-distance train. It has got a lot of carriages, a dining-car, and a luggage van. I prefer an upper berth. When the train goes out, I say «Good bye» to my friends and relatives who usually come to see me off. When the train comes in, I get out and ask the porter to carry my luggage. I’m not tired after a long journey by train.
Travelling by car and hitch-hiking are the cheapest and most popular ways of travelling.
As for me I like to spend my days off in the country, closer to nature. I can drive a car and enjoy picturesque places with forests, lakes and rivers. I am fond of fishing and hunting that’s why I walk a lot. In summer we often go camping. I think it is a very useful thing for my health.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.
Задание 2. Составьте вопросы, используя вопросительные слова, данные в скобках:
Задание 3. Заполните пропуски необходимыми по смыслу словами и словосочетаниями:
Текст на аудирование
Задание 1. Повторяйте за диктором слова и словосочетания. Запомните их значение:
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
What Happened While the Train Was in the Tunnel?
In the compartment of a train travelling through the countryside, there were four people — a young girl, an old lady, an army officer and a young cockney. Suddenly the train went into a tunnel: for half a minute the carriage was in complete darkness and in the darkness came the sound of a large kiss followed almost immediately by a loud slap.
When the train emerged and it was light again, everybody saw the officer with a bleeding nose and a swollen eye. The old lady thought that the young girl hit the officer for stealing a kiss.
The young girl thought it was strange that the officer kissed the old lady and not her. The poor officer thought that the cockney kissed the girl and the girl hit him. And the cockney laughed silently at the trick he had played. «I’m a clever chap,» he thought to himself. «I kissed the back of my hand, hit the officer in the face and nobody said a word».
Задание 3. Найдите предложения, не соответствующие содержанию прослушанного текста:
1. Which of the following is not true?
As soon as the train left the tunnel there was a kiss and then a slap.
2. What actually happened in the tunnel?
3. Why did the cockney hit the officer?
4. How did the four passengers react to what happened in the tunnel?
5. Who was surprised at the thought that the officer kissed the old lady?
a) The cockney.
b) The old lady.
c) The young lady.
d) Everybody.
The Dialogues
Задание 1. Прослушайте диалоги. Воспроизведите их в парах:
In the plane
Stewardess: – May I have your seat number? It’s given in your boarding pass.
Passenger: – Here you are.
Stewardess: – This way, please. Your seat is over there third row on the right, next to the porthole. You may put your hat and raincoat on the rack.
Stewardess: (to passengers) – Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seatbelts and refrain from smoking.
(Some hours later)
Stewardess: – How are you? Quite comfortable? Enjoying the flight?
Passenger: – Yes, thanks. When do we get to London?
Stewardess: – We should touch down shortly after 3, very soon.
At the booking office
Задание 2. Запомните следующие фразы:
автобусе?
Задание 3. Прослушайте следующие диалоги. Воспроизведите их в парах.
Foreigner: – Excuse me…
Londoner: – Yes, what’s it?
F.: – I’m a stranger here and I’m completely lost. Could you please tell me the way to the Paddington Railway Station?
L.: – I’m going in that direction myself. So I might show you the way.
F.: – Oh, don’t bother… Just explain me the nearest way there, please.
L.: – Well, then you must go down this street, and turn right at the second corner.
F.: – Can I see the station from there?
L.: – Yes, you can. It’s that large three-storied building right across the square.
F.: – Thank you so much. I’m sure I’ll find it now.
Asking the way
Foreigner: – Could you tell me the way to the Paddington Station, please? The underground station, I mean.
Passer-by: – Yes, certainly. Go straight along this road, past the traffic lights and the church…
F.: – Yes.
P.: – And then turn to the right, and keep straight on until you come to more traffic lights…
F.: – Yes.
P.:– Turn left there, and you’ll see the station a little way along on the right hand side of the road.
F.: – I see. I go straight along this road, past the church and the traffic lights.
P.: – Yes.
F.: – And then I turn to the right, I think you said?
P.: – Yes, that’s it. And after that you take the next turning to the left.
F.: – Is it very far?
P.: – No, not really. It’s about a ten minutes’ walk from here.
F.: – Oh, dear. Could I get there by bus?
P.: – Yes, but in this case you must go back a little way. Keep on this side of the road until you come to the bus stop. All the buses from there pass the station.
F.: – Thank you very much.
Задание 4. Составьте диалоги на английском языке по следующим ситуациям:
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Тема 5. Еда
MEALS
Задание 1. Слушайте и запоминайте следующие слова и словосочетания:
jam варенье; джем
honey мед
ham ветчина, окорок
sausage колбаса
fried eggs яичница
porridge (овсяная) каша
scrambled eggs омлет, яичница-болтунья
break перерыв
canteen столовая
roast жареный
cutlets отбивная котлета
abundant обильный
dessert десерт
beet свёкла
mushroom гриб
meat мясо
vegetables овощи
pork свинина
veal телятина
chop небольшой кусок мяса, отбивная
(котлета)
chicken цыплёнок
meal приём пищи; еда
sugar сахар
boiled вареный
fried жареный
marmalade джем, конфитюр; повидло
instead of вместо
juice сок
biscuit сухое печенье
poultry домашняя птица
carrot морковь
bean боб; фасоль
pudding пудинг, запеканка
cream сливки
cabbage капуста
ЗАДАНИЕ 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Повторяйте за диктором в паузу:
MEALS
People in different countries have different ideas about what is good to eat and what is the best diet for them. So, we live in a country where breakfast is a very rich meal. We have not only a roll with butter, jam or honey, but ham or sausage and fried eggs or porridge for breakfast.
In the morning I have my typical breakfast. It may be a cup of tea with some sandwiches or scrambled eggs with milk.
Lunch is not very popular in our country but when we have some breaks at the University called “windows” we have lunch in our University canteen. We may take fried fish, roast meat, cutlets, beefsteak with potatoes and different salads. For dessert we may take compote, tea with lemon, ice-cream or fruit.
The main and the most abundant meal of the day is dinner, but as we are students it’s better to call it supper. A full typical dinner consists of soup, a main course and a dessert. My favourite soups are: red beet and mushroom soups. For the main course I usually have some meat or fish, potatoes and vegetables. The most typical meat is a pork or veal chop or chicken. Some other dishes are different kinds of salads.
As for the British, there are four meals a day in an English home: breakfast, lunch, tea, and dinner.
Breakfast is the first meal of the day. It is at about 8 o'clock in the morning, and consists of porridge with milk and salt or sugar, eggs – boiled or fried, bread and butter with marmalade or jam. Some people like to drink tea, but others prefer coffee. Instead of porridge they may have fruit juice, or they may prefer biscuits.
The usual time for lunch is 1 o'clock. This meal starts with soup or fruit juice. Then they have some meat or poultry with potatoes, carrots and beans. Then a pudding comes. Instead of the pudding they may prefer cheese and biscuits. Last of all is coffee – black or white. Some prefer juice or lemonade.
Tea is the third meal of the day. It is between 4 or 5 o'clock, the so-called 5 o'clock tea. On the table there is tea, milk or cream, sugar, bread and butter, cakes and jam. Friends and visitors are often present at tea.
Dinner is the fourth meal of the day. The usual time is about 7 o'clock, and all the members of the family sit down together. Dinner usually consists of soup, fish or meat with vegetables – potatoes, green beans, carrot and cabbage, sweet pudding, fruit salad, ice-cream or cheese and biscuits. Then after a talk they have black or white coffee.
This is the order of meals among English families. But the greater part of the people in the towns and nearly all country-people have dinner in the middle of the day instead of lunch. They have tea a little later – between 5 and 6 o'clock, and then in the evening, before going to bed, they have supper.
Exercises
Задание 1. Выберите правильный ответ в правой колонке:
1. What do we call a meal-time? 1. One of the several parts of a meal.
2. What do we call a sandwich? 2. Breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper
3. What do we call a course? 3. Two pieces of buttered bread with
something between them.
4. What do we call meals? 4. Usual time for taking a meal.
5. What do you say if you want to have 5. I am hungry as a hunter.
another cup of tea?
6. What do you say when you are very 6. Pass me the salt, please.
hungry?
7. What do you say if there is not enough 7. May I ask you for another cup of
salt in the soup? tea?
Задание 2. Закончите следующие предложения:
Students may have dinner at … .
Dinner consists of … .
For dessert we may have … .
I'm hungry as … .
The salt is too far from me, … .
May I ask you for…?
Задание 3. Начните следующие вопросы с вопросительных слов “why”, “where”, “when”, “who”, “what”, так чтобы они соответствовали предложенному ответу:
1. … do you have dinner? – I have dinner in the canteen. 2. … do you usually have dinner? – I usually have dinner at two o'clock. 3. … do you usually have for dinner? – I usually have chipped potatoes and a cup of coffee. 4. … do you do after dinner? – I go to the reading hall. 5. … do you have dinner in the canteen? – I have no time to go home. 6. … can you have dinner at home? – I can have dinner at home on Sundays. 7. … is coming to the canteen? – I am.
Задание 4. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
When do you have breakfast?
What do you have for breakfast?
When do you have dinner?
Where do you have dinner?
What do you usually have for dinner?
What kind of soup do you prefer?
What do you usually have for the main course?
What do you like to have for dessert?
What kind of vegetables do you like?
Do the English keep to their meal times?
How many meals a day do the English usually have?
What are these meals?
What is the usual English breakfast?
At what time do the English have lunch?
What do they usually have for lunch?
Where do they have their lunch?
At what time do the English have dinner?
What do they usually have for dinner?
Текст для аудирования
Задание 1. Прослушайте следующие слова, запомните их:
get to know узнавать, знакомиться
restaurant ресторан
occasion случай, событие
wedding свадьба
anniversary годовщина; юбилей; празднование
customer клиент
relaxed atmosphere непринужденная обстановка
eating out еда вне дома
feeling of London ощущение Лондона
the Ritz «Риц» (название ресторана)
to be in fashion быть в моде
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание:
BRITISH RESTAURANTS
When a man and a woman want to get to know each other better, they often go out to a restaurant together. After all, it's easier to talk in a quiet atmosphere with soft music, wine and good food. Most British families go to restaurants only on special occasions, like birthdays or wedding anniversaries. The restaurants' best customers are business people, who meet in them to talk business in a relaxed atmosphere away from the telephone. They can eat what they like because the company pays the bill.
For visitors to London, eating out can be fun. But if you want that special feeling of London, go to the Ritz in Piccadilly for tea any afternoon at about half past four. And you'll see that the prices are very high. Then you can try England's favourite food – fish and chips. Take it away and eat where you like — in the park, on the bus or while you walk down the street.
British restaurants have not always been famous for their good food. Too often, they offered only fried food and chips with everything. But now healthy food is in fashion.
Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы:
Where do the British men and women go when they want to get to know each other better?
When do British families go to a restaurant?
Why do businessmen prefer to go to restaurants?
Do the businessmen pay the bill?
Are the British restaurants famous for their food?
What do they often offer a customer?
What can you tell about the Ritz?
What is the Englishmen's favourite food and where can you eat it?
Is healthy food in fashion now?
Задание 4. Воспроизведите текст на английском языке.
Dialogues
Задание 1. Прослушайте диалоги. Воспроизведите следующие диалоги в парах:
AT DINNER
Mother: Glad to see you, Pete. We are going to have dinner. Will you join us?
Pete: Thank you, very much. I'm not hungry as I've had a late breakfast.
Mother: What did you have for breakfast?
Pete: Boiled eggs, a cheese sandwich and a cup of tea.
Mother: Dinner is ready. Take your seat, please. For the first course I'll give you cabbage soup.
Pete: Oh, it is to my taste.
Mother: Help yourself, Pete. Do you want a piece of ham? I think it is tender today. Here is a very nice piece.
Pete: Oh, it is so delicious. Thank you very much, Mother. I think I'll help you to wash up the dishes.
AT A RESTAURANT
Nick: Is this table free, waiter?
Waiter: Yes, sir. The menu, please.
Nick: Well, Mary, are you hungry?
Mary: I'm not very hungry. I think I'll have some meat with vegetables and something for a sweet.
Waiter: What do you wish, sir?
Nick: Please, give us roast beef, salad, mushrooms, two coffees and ice-cream.
Waiter: Will you have anything to drink?
Mary: Mineral water and a bottle of wine, please.
Nick: What have we to pay, waiter?
Waiter: Here is the bill.
Nick: Thank you very much.
Задание 2. Составьте предложения, пользуясь образцами:
1) A. : - I want some coffee, please.
B. : - I haven't got any coffee. Would you like some tea instead?
: - Yes, please. I'll have some tea.
Используйте слова: tea, milk, lemonade, beer.
2) A. : - Shall I bring you some tea now?
B. : - No, bring me some coffee instead.
Используйте слова: orange juice, cornflakes, wheat flakes, bacon and eggs, sausages and eggs.
3) A. : - I want some bananas, please.
B. : - I haven't got any bananas. Would you like some apples instead?
: - Yes, please. I'll have some apples.
Используйте слова: plums, oranges, pears, apricots, peaches.
Задание 3. Составьте диалог, используя следующие слова и выражения:
a menu, what would you like to start with?, will you have …, the main course, let me see…, to hate, I'd rather, for a change I'll start with … and have …, to have the same, what will you have to follow?, can I have the bill?
Задание 4. Выучите следующие пословицы:
Hungry as a hunter. – Голодный как волк.
The fat is in the fire. – Дело уже сделано.
The nearer the bone, the sweeter the flesh. – Чем ближе к кости, тем слаще мясо.
As the tree, so the fruit. – Яблоко от яблони недалеко падает.
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Тема 6. Великобритания
GREAT BRITAIN
Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором.
Britain and Northern Ireland Великобритании и Северной
Ирландии
пролива Ла-Манш)
Задание 2. . Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
GREAT BRITAIN
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. It consists of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast.
The North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel separate Great Britain from the continent. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands. The south has beautiful valleys and plains and is called the Lowlands. There are numerous lakes in Scotland. The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest is a vast plain. Mountains are not very high.
There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river; the Thames is the deepest, busiest, and most important one.
The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Streаm influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round. It is not too hot in summer or too cold in winter. It often rains in England. Snow falls only in the North and West of the country.
The U.K. is one of the world's smaller countries. Its population is nearly 60 million people. The population lives mostly in towns and cities and their suburbs.
The U.K. is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. The main industrial centers are Sheffield, Birmingham and Manchester. The U.K. has some mineral resources. Coal and oil resources are the most important of them.
Agriculture is an important sector in economy of the country. The British people grow wheat, fruit, vegetables, and oats. The U.K. buys more goods than sells. It has to import food products and raw materials from many countries of the world. Scotland is famous for its wool industry.
The U.K. is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the head of the state is the Queen. In practice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties.
There are many universities, colleges, libraries, museums and theatres in the country. The most famous universities are Cambridge University, Oxford University, Glasgow University.
London is the capital of Great Britain. Its population is over 10 million.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:
The U.K. is an island state, isn’t it? Where is it situated?
What countries does the U.K. consist of? What are their capitals?
What channel separates the British Isles from the European continent?
The surface of the British Isles varies very much, doesn’t it?
What is the north of Scotland called?
What is the south of Scotland called?
Are there a lot of long and deep rivers in Great Britain?
Why is the climate of the British Isles mild?
Is the U.K. a large country?
What is the U.K.’s population?
The U.K. is a highly developed industrial country. What does it produce and export?
The U.K. is a constitutional monarchy. What does it mean?
What are the main political parties in Great Britain?
What chambers does the English Parliament consist of?
Задание 2. Закончите предложения логически, найдя окончание в правом столбце. Переведите на русский язык.
|
…varies very much. …influence the climate of the British Isles. …is called the Highlands. …the longest river. …on the British Isles. …is shipbuilding. …does not rule. …England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. |
Задание 3. Составьте общий и специальный вопросы к предложениям. Переведите их на русский язык:
1. There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain. 2. The rivers are long. 3. The mountains are not high in Great Britain. 4. Great Britain is very densely populated. 5. It imports a lot of food-stuffs: meat, butter, tea. 6. Great Britain exports motor-cars, aircraft, electrotechnical apparatus and chemicals. 7. Ship-building and motor industry is highly developed. 8. Sheffield is famous for steel and metal goods. 9. Scotland is situated in the north of the country. 10. The British Parliament consists of two chambers.
Задание 4. Заполните пропуски необходимыми по смыслу словами. Переведите их на русский язык:
1. The British Isles … … two large islands. 2. The United Kingdom consists of four countries: …, …, …, and … . 3. The North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel … Great Britain from the … . 4. The surface of the British Isles … very much. 5. The south has beautiful … and … and is called … . 6. There are numerous … in Scotland. 7. The north and west of England are … . 8. The climate is … the whole year round. 9. Its … is over 60 million. 10. One of the chief industries of the country is … .
Задание 1. Повторяйте за диктором слова и словосочетания. Запомните их значение:
парламента
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
LONDON
London is the capital of Great Britain. Its population is over 10 million. It is one of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world.
Traditionally it is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End.
The heart of London is the City, its financial and business center. Numerous banks, offices and firms are situated there.
Westminster is the historic, the governmental part of London. It has more historic associations than any other building in Britain. Nearly all English kings and queens have been crowned here.
Across the road from Westminster Abbey is Westminster Palace, or the Houses of Parliament, the Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known as «Big Ben».
Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen.
The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is the symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, shops, restaurants, clubs are situated there.
Trafalgar Square is the geographical center of London.
The East End is the poorest district of London. There are many factories, workshops and docks there. The streets are narrow, the houses are poor. It is a densely populated district where working-class families live.
London is the center of Britain's cultural life. There are many museums and art galleries in London.
Задание 3. Изложите содержание текста на русском языке.
Задание 4. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
Задание 5. Вставьте нужные слова вместо пропусков:
Задание 6. Перескажите текст на английском языке.
The Dialogue
Задание 1. Прослушайте диалог. Повторяйте его за диктором:
A VISIT TO LONDON
Задание 2. Воспроизведите диалог в парах.
Задание 3. Спросите своего друга:
1) хочет ли он поехать в Англию, Лондон; 2) был ли ваш друг в Лондоне, Англии; 3) какие достопримечательности он советует своему другу посмотреть; 4) знает ли он что-нибудь об Англии, Лондоне; 5) на каких островах расположена Англия; 6) что влияет на климат Британских островов; 7) каков политический строй Великобритании; 8) посоветуйте своему другу посетить Великобританию и Лондон.
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Выполните лабораторную работу по теме в лингафонном кабинете.
Выучите новые слова и выражения по теме.
Переведите тексты темы на русский язык.
Составьте план пересказа темы на русском языке (используйте графологическую структуру к теме).
Подготовьте пересказ и диалог по теме на английском языке.
Подготовьтесь к участию в беседе по ситуационным задачам к теме.
Тема 7. Магазин. Покупки
SHOPS AND SHOPPING
Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором:
покупки
Задание 2. Запомните значение следующих словосочетаний и выражений:
Задание 3. . Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
SHOPPING
Shopping takes much time in everybody’s life. It means going to some place to buy things. For some people it is a hobby. They go shopping in their free time. Some people go shopping on weekdays to buy food.
My family and I do the shopping at weekends. My family is not very big, but my parents work hard and they have no time to go to buy things during a week. On Sunday we usually go to a large supermarket and buy food for the whole week. I don’t like going there, because there are usually many people.
The supermarket has a lot of departments: a food department, a grocer’s, a butcher’s, a fishmonger’s, and even a chemist’s department. Sometimes my mother goes to the cosmetics department while my father and my brother go to the pet shop, which is situated there. My father likes to do the shopping in the butcher’s and in the fishmonger’s. The meat counters look very attractive. Chicken, ham, pork, bacon, beef, veal and mutton are at your disposal there. You will find a variety of sausages in this section, too.
In the fishmonger’s a special counter handles frozen and fresh fish; smoked and dry fish is also offered to the customers. Besides, the counter is full of sea products, quite exotic and unseen before.
There is a wide network of department stores and specialized shops in every town or city. Some of them are expensive, others are cheap and you have a choice. I don’t understand those people who go to some specialized shops to buy things of a certain brand. Such things are rather expensive.
I prefer going to a department store to buy things. A department store has many departments: ready-made clothes, shoes, sports goods, toys, linen, etc. You can buy everything you like there. The things for sale are on the counters so they can be easily seen.
In the women’s clothing department you can find dresses, costumes, blouses, skirts, coats and many other things.
In the men’s clothing department you can choose suits, trousers, overcoats, ties, shirts, socks, etc.
I prefer doing the shopping alone when I need clothes or books. My favorite bookshop is in the centre of our town. I can spend hours there looking at different books and choosing the most interesting ones to read. I like to go shopping when I need to buy present for my family or friends. Sometimes my friend helps me to choose a present. She is a very nice girl with a good taste and she knows what things are good.
I also like to buy fruit and vegetables. They smell good and you feel as if you are in an exotic country. The section where fruit and vegetables are for sale is called a greengrocery. It always attracts a lot of customers because irrespective of the season the counters are full of fresh fruit and vegetables grown in Russia or brought from other countries. When you enter a greengrocery you feel you would eat everything they sell: grapes, berries, tangerines, oranges, pineapples, bananas, plums, pears, peaches, grapefruits, watermelons, carrot, cucumbers, etc.
Sometimes I have to go to the baker’s to buy bread, buns, rolls, rings, rusks, pies and to a dairy shop to buy cheese, curds, milk or sour cream.
The method of shopping may vary. It may be a self-service shop where the customer goes from counter to counter, selects and puts into a basket everything what he wishes to buy. At the cash-desk he pays money for purchases. It is not a self-service shop where the shop assistant helps the customer in finding what he wants.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту:
Задание 2. Выразите свое мнение, отвечая на следующие вопросы:
Используйте фразы: I think…, To my mind…, In my opinion…, I consider… .
Задание 3. Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык:
Покупать вещь; делать покупку; выходные дни; нет времени для того, чтобы ходить покупать вещи; покупать продукты на целую неделю; бакалея; мясной отдел; рыбный отдел; дорогой; дешевый; специализированный магазин; конкретная марка; одежда; виноград; мандарины; сливы; груши; персики; арбуз; ананас; магазин самообслуживания; прилавок; покупка; продавец; касса.
Задание 4. Закончите следующие предложения, используя информацию, содержащуюся в тексте.
Задание 5. Найдите в тексте синонимы следующих слов и словосочетаний:
Задание 6. Выберите ответы, соответствующие следующим вопросам:
1. What is shopping?
a) This is an academic discipline, studying where, how and why people do shopping.
b) This is an all-new business in which salespeople phone up familiar people and read them a prepared script promising some free goods if they buy a certain product or service.
c) It means going to some place to buy things.
2. What are sections?
a) They are shops where everything is permanently on sale.
b) These are the parts of supermarket where people can choose and buy certain things or products.
c) These are popular supplies of sporting equipment for yuppies.
3. What can catalogues provide?
a) They provide hours of reading pleasure.
b) They open up a world of possibilities.
c) They not only provide hours of reading pleasure, but open up a world of possibilities, moreover, you can buy everything you want.
Задание 7. Задайте к следующим предложениям вопросы, начиная их с указанных вопросительных слов:
Who…
When…
Who…
What…
When…
Who…
What…
Where…
Who…
Where…
What…
What…
Where…
Задание 8. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и словосочетания:
To do the shopping, for sale, to be sold, a lot of departments, supermarket, to be expensive, to have a choice, specialized shops, to buy things, favorite, to choose, a wide network, to like to buy, a certain brand, the counter, self-service.
Задание 9. Закончите предложения переводом слов, данных в скобках.
1. Sugar, salt and matches are sold (в бакалее). 2. Bread is sold (в булочной). 3. We buy meat (в мясном магазине). 4. We go to (в кондитерскую) for cakes, pies and sweets and (в рыбный магазин) for fish. 5. In a dairy shop you can buy (сыр, творог, молоко, сметану). 6. Fruit and vegetables are sold in the (овощной магазин). 7. (Универмаг) has many specialized sections.
Задание 10. Составьте на английском языке ситуации посещения магазина, используя следующие слова и словосочетания:
Задание 11. Переведите на английский язык:
Я куплю баранину, если она не очень жирная, немного ветчины и сосисок.
В рыбном отделе можно купить свежую и замороженную рыбу, там также продаются рыбные консервы.
Где можно купить ягоды? – В том же отделе, где продаются овощи и фрукты.
По дороге домой мне нужно зайти в универсам и купить пачку индийского чая, кофе и буханку белого и черного хлеба.
В этом универсаме продаются экзотические фрукты и овощи. Вы найдете их в шестом ряду.
Мне нужно зайти в сувенирный отдел и купить подарок на день рождения брату.
Я советую вам взять этот костюм; он модный и вам очень подходит.
Очень удобно делать покупки в универмаге: там большой выбор товаров широкого потребления.
Если вы хотите купить дорогую вещь, вы можете приобрести её в кредит.
Текст на аудирование
Задание 1. Повторяйте за диктором слова и словосочетания. Запомните их значения:
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание:
TEXT
Most of London’s big department stores are in Oxford Street and Regent Street. They are always crowded, but at sale times, in January and July, there are so many people that it is difficult to move and it is usually safer to go in the direction of the majority.
These days, it is often difficult to distinguish the goods in the large store from those in another. If you are looking for something “different” it is certainly worth going to New Covent Garden. This used to be England’s biggest fruit and vegetable market, but a few years ago, the market was moved to a new site on the other side of the River Thames. The old market, now called “New Covent Garden”, was restored and converted into a shopping centre. There are now more than forty shops of many different kinds and there are several places to eat and drink. The opening hours are different from most other shops: they open at 10 a.m. and close at 8 p.m. As well as shopping, there is entertainment with lunch-time theatre groups and classical, jazz, folk and pop music.
Kensington and Knightsbridge is an exclusive area of London. There you can find the department store that is the symbol of expensive and high-class living – Harroads. People say you can buy anything in Harroads, including wild animals – they even have a zoo, which will sell you lion cubs as well as more common pets such as dogs, cats or parrots.
Задание 3. Расскажите, что вы поняли, прослушав текст.
Задание 4. Озаглавьте текст, задайте вопросы к тексту.
Задание 5. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, используя слова и выражения, данные в скобках:
(in Oxford Street and Regent Street, New Covent Garden, a shopping centre, to eat and drink, Kensington and Knightsbridge).
The Dialogues
Задание 1. Прослушайте и запомните следующие слова и словосочетания:
the price цена
trousers брюки
frock дамское или детское платье
shirt рубашка (мужская)
shoes обувь
gloves перчатки
to match сочетать, подбирать под …,
соответствовать
skirt юбка
scarf шарф
coat пиджак, куртка, пальто
suit костюм
purse кошелек
dress платье
leather кожа
May I help you? Могу я Вам помочь?
to be looking for искать
dozen дюжина
aisle проход (ряд)
cart тележка
suitcase чемодан
to cost стоить
cashier кассир
cash register кассовый аппарат
consumer goods потребительские товары
How much is it? Сколько это стоит?
How much does it cost? Сколько это стоит?
Задание 2. Прослушайте диалоги. Воспроизведите их в парах.
1. At the Ready-Made Clothes Department
Shop-assistant: - What can I do for you?
Customer: - I’m looking for skirt. I’d like something in green.
Sh.-as.: - What size are you?
C.: - I’m not sure but I think … 14.
Sh.-as.: - Here is an excellent skirt in green silk. Will you try it on?
C.: - Yes. Where is the fitting-room?
Sh.-as.: - Come this way.
(Some minutes later)
C.: - How does it look?
Sh.-as.: - It looks great. It’s exactly your size.
C.: - How much is it?
Sh.-as.: - It’s only 15 dollars.
C.: - All right. I’ll take it. Thank you.
Sh.-as.: - Thank you. Come again.
2. In a shop
Customer: - Good morning.
Assistant: - Yes, madam.
C.: - Show me the brown suitcase.
A.: - This one?
C.: - Yes, that one. Tell me how much does it cost?
A.: - $50.
C.: - It is very expensive. I would like one for about $35.
A.: - Look at this one. It costs $40. A very good suitcase.
C.: - I’ll take it. Pay at the cashier, please.
A.: - Thank you.
C.: - Come again.
3. At the supermarket
A.: - Let’s go to the meat counter.
B.: - O.k. I think we need some veal, ham and a chicken.
A.: - … and a turkey. Don’t forget about the Christmas holiday.
B.: - We also need half a pound of butter, a packet of sour cream and a dozen of eggs. Dairy products are in aisle 3.
A.: - How about fruit and vegetables? There are no apples in our fridge and not many vegetables. Let’s find this counter.
B.: - Oh, fruit is in aisle 8, and vegetables are next.
A.: - I wonder what apples and tangerines cost now.
B.: - They are cheap because it’s the height of the season.
A.: - We’ll take three pounds of apples and two pounds of tangerines. And I want to buy half a pound of berries. I’m going to make a pie. O.k. Our cart is full. Let’s go to the cash register.
Задание 3. Составьте мини диалоги, используя образец:
a) - What is the price of the pair?
- They are 3.50. They wear very well.
(trousers – 20; frock – 25; jacket – 30; shirt – 10; shoes – 25)
- Here is a nice one.
(a silk tie – the skirt; a blouse – the skirt; a scarf – the coat; a shirt – the suit)
c) - I like that purse. Why don’t you buy it?
- All right.
(bag, shirt, skirt, shoes, dress, jacket)
d) - May I help you?
- I’m looking for a grey suit.
(a brown bag, a leather jacket, a winter coat, a suit for everyday wear, jeans)
Задание 4. Составьте диалог по ситуации.
Situation I
You are at a men’s ready-made clothes department. You want a suit for everyday wear, some shirts and a tie to match the suit. The shop assistant is ready to help you.
Situation II
You are at a shoe department. You want a pair of good summer walking shoes. The shop assistant is very helpful.
Situation III
Tomorrow is your mother’s birthday. You’ve come to the grocer’s. You want to buy a lot of food. The grocer is eager to help you.
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Тема 8. Гостиница
AT THE HOTEL
Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором.
номер
трудности
в гостинице, гость
белья
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание:
AT THE HOTEL
Nowаdays people have an excellent chance to travel all over the world. It is not surprising, because we are living in a world of growing international trade and technical cooperation.
When traveling, it is convenient to stay in a hotel. The best way is to reserve a room in advance by phone or by Internet. Those who travel much know that sometimes tourists experience certain difficulties with booking a room at a suitable hotel. At the height of the season a sign «No vacancies» can be often seen at the desk-clerk.
But if you are lucky with booking a room you will enjoy your rest. In this case you must first go through some formalities. The receptionist will hand you an arrival card which all guests are required to fill in.
After having filled in the arrival card you must pay for accommodation. The receptionist will answer all your questions and give you any information you need. The price depends on the duration of your staying at the hotel and the number of hotel “stars”. The hotel may have from two to five «stars». When all the formalities are over the receptionist hands you the key and you may go upstairs to occupy the room. At the hotel you will find rooms with or without bath, air conditioner, single rooms, double rooms, complete suites consisting of two or more rooms, de luxe or top class rooms. In the rooms you can find some modern conveniences such as TV, DVD, telephone, and a safe.
Once you decide to stay in the hotel you are referred to as a «guest». You will find notices everywhere reminding guests to leave their keys at the desk when going out. All the keys are hung on a special key rack.
In the lobby you will usually find a newspaper stall and stalls where cigarettes and souvenirs are sold. Guests are given Internet, telephone services as well: you may book or reserve railway and airline tickets from your room telephone.
Most of hotels have bars and restaurants. If you want to have a bite or a dinner you can go there or order it in your room.
All hotels run a special laundry service for their guests. The maid does your room every morning so you needn't even make your bed.
Guests are required to notify the clerk in advance about leaving so that he could have the bill ready for them in time.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:
Задание 2. Замените выделенные обороты синонимичными из текста:
Задание 3. Дополните предложения фразами, данными в скобках, переведите их на английский язык.
When going out guests (должны оставлять ключи у портье).
Задание 4. Расскажите о:
Следующие фразы помогут вам:
1) to go through some formalities;
to take an arrival card from the receptionist;
to fill in the arrival card;
to pay for all accommodation;
2) to hand an arrival card to the guest;
to give the key to the room;
to answer the questions and to give all the information one needs;
to book tickets for the theatre;
to order railway and airline tickets;
to iron clothes;
to call a porter;
the maid ... to do the room;
the doorman ... to help with a taxi;
Задание 5. Представьте, что Вы в отеле. Используя образец, попросите …
1. Дежурного по этажу (the floor manager):
to call a taxi for you;
to wake you up at 7 o'clock;
to give you your room key;
to book a ticket for a concert
Model: Please, do this, madam.
2. Горничную (the maid):
to wash and iron your shirt;
to bring you another blanket (одеяло);
to change the sheets (простыни);
to make the bed;
to clean the room;
to bring you a cup of coffee in the room;
Model: Could you do this, madam?
3. Портье (the porter):
to take your luggage upstairs;
to see to (присмотреть) your suitcase;
to take your trunk (чемодан) downstairs;
to take your suitcases to the taxi;
Model: Porter, will you do this?
Задание 6. Переведите на английский язык:
Задание 7. Составьте мини монолог по следующим темам:
Dialogues
Задание 1. Прослушайте и запомните следующие слова и словосочетания:
Задание 2. Прослушайте следующие диалоги, воспроизведите их в парах.
AT THE HOTEL
I
A: I wonder whether you have any vacancies for tonight.
B: Yes, I can offer you room 24 on the first floor.
A: How much is it?
B: £ 29 a night excluding service.
A: Can I see it please?
B: Certainly. Would you take a seat for a moment?
II
A: Have you a single room for two nights?
B: Yes, but only on the top floor.
A: What price is it?
B: £ 45 with service and TV.
A: Fair enough. Can you show me the room, please?
B: Of course. Would you like to follow me?
III
A: Can I book a double room from now until Friday?
B: You can have room 33 overlooking the sea.
A: What's the price?
B: £43 not counting the service.
A: Can I look at it, please?
B: Yes, of course. Come this way.
IV
A: Have you got a twin-bedded room for one night?
B: I can let you have a room at the back.
A: What does it cost?
B: With private bath £ 50, service included.
A: Can you show me something a little cheaper?
B: Yes, of course. I won't keep you a moment.
Текст на аудирование
Задание 1. Повторяйте за диктором слова и словосочетания. Запомните их значение:
посетителей
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание.
AT A HOTEL
When I travel, I always put up at a hotel. I’m in the habit of booking rooms beforehand. Booking rooms beforehand is very convenient as rooms are expensive in England and cheap hotels are usually full up.
You’ll find London hotels just the same as hotels in all large cities. As a rule you go into a large entrance-hall where visitors are constantly coming and going.
On arriving at a hotel you must first ask for the reception clerk and he or she will tell you, which is your room, which floor it is on, and will give you the key. Usually you don’t get your keys without signing in at the hotel.
If stating at a hotel, you have to sign in at the desk, stating your name and address.
You give your luggage to the porter, who takes it up in the lift to your room.
After washing and changing in your room you can walk about the town. On returning before going to bed you can put your shoes outside the bedroom and the boot-boy will clean them.
Задание 3. Вставьте вместо пропусков, слова, данные в скобках.
(boot-boy, as a rule, put up, to sign in, luggage, very convenient, signing in, stating, outside, it, entrance-hall)
Задание 4. Изложите содержание прослушанного текста кратко на английском языке.
СИТУАЦИОННЫЕ ЗАДАЧИ
Задание 1. Вы собираетесь остановиться в гостинице.
а). Спросите о том, какая комната вам нужна и на какой срок.
Model: Can I book a room for a week?
a single room - three nights
a double room - from now until Monday
a twin-bedded room - the weekend
two double rooms - a week
a single room - tonight
б). Спросите о стоимости номера.
Model: - How much is the room?
or
The price for the room is:
44 pounds a night with service and TV
52 pounds a night without service
25 pounds a night excluding service and TV
50 pounds a night including service
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Выполните лабораторную работу по теме в лингафонном кабинете.
Выучите новые слова и выражения по теме.
Переведите тексты темы на русский язык.
Составьте план пересказа темы на русском языке (используйте графологическую структуру к теме).
Подготовьте пересказ и диалог по теме на английском языке.
Подготовьтесь к участию в беседе по ситуационным задачам к теме.
TELEPHONING. POST OFFICE. INTERNET
Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором:
modern современный
to telephone = to phone звонить по телефону
means of communication средства связи
to make a phone call позвонить
apartment квартира
city phone number городской номер
digit однозначное число
area code код региона
inside внутри
cellular service сотовая связь
phone card телефонная карточка
to pass a message отправить сообщение
to receive a message получить сообщение
to dial a number набирать номер
charge плата
to be free быть бесплатным
to cost стоить
to be fixed быть фиксированным
commonly обычно
long tone протяжный гудок
to place a call сделать звонок
landline phone проводной телефон
long distance call междугородний звонок
phone box телефонная будка
to deposit помещать
beeping signal короткий гудок
constant tone протяжный гудок
to book a call заказывать телефонный
разговор
a caller лицо, которое звонит по
телефону
the line is engaged телефон занят
the line is free телефон свободен
to answer the call подойти к телефону
taxophone таксофон
telephone directory телефонная книга
to connect соединять
extension добавочный номер
to hang up положить трубку
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
TELEPHONING
Telephoning is one of the most characteristic features of modern civilization. The modern telephoning is characterized by a high degree of automation. The telephone is necessary means of communication in everyday life. It is also for professionals in business, commerce and administration who need to make and answer phone calls.
Almost every apartment in Russia has a telephone number. The city phone number itself usually has from 5 to 7 digits. All countries, regions and cities have their code; it is called an area code.
If for instance, you want to telephone your friend inside any Russian city, you should dial the phone number without any codes. Normally, all phone calls inside the city are free or cost very little. The charges are commonly covered by a regular fixed flat monthly payment.
If you make a phone call from Russia to any Russian city, you should dial 8, wait for a long tone, and then dial a phone number itself.
If you want to make a phone call from Russia to abroad, you should dial 8, wait for a long tone, then dial 10 (international access), then dial the code of the country you are phoning to, then dial the code of the city you are phoning to and then the city phone number. (8 10 33 62 237 65 36). Calls from the landline phone, usually have different rates at different time of a day. Usually a call costs cheaper if you call before 08:00 or after 20:00 on weekdays, or anytime at weekends.
To place a call from your home phone, you can do also with a phone card. All instructions how to make a call you can find on the card.
And one more variant to make a long-distance call – it is to ask the operator to connect you.
Besides the landline phones, there are the telephones in public places. They are phone boxes or pay phones. To place a call, you have to deposit a phone card into the slot and dial the number you wish to reach.
All over the world there is a cellular service. It was designed to keep people in touch, not just in the area, but throughout the world or the region. It is very convenient. You can pass or receive a message. Besides, you may also do some photos, listen to music, use the Internet and gain any information.
There is also a video telephone in the world. You can speak over the telephone and see a person who you speak with.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.
1. What is the telephoning?
2. How many digits has a city phone number?
3. How can you make a call inside Russia?
4. How can you make a call from Russia to abroad?
5. What kinds of rates has the landline phone?
6. How can you make a call from pay phones or from phone boxes?
7. What are the advantages of cellular service?
Задание 2 . Запомните следующие фразы. Повторяйте их за диктором.
медленнее.
Текст на аудирование
Задание 1. Повторяйте за диктором слова и словосочетания. Запомните их значения:
Задание 2 . Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
MOBILE PHONES
Now there are various means of communications but mobile phones are considered the easiest, fastest and one of the cheapest means of communicating. There are many mobile phone gadgets brands available in the market. Some of them are the Nokia, Samsung, LG, Motorola and many others.
There are as well three major mobile network providers in Russia: MTS, BeeLine, and Megafon. The prices, coverage and the service offered by these operators are quite similar.
The pricing system in Russia for cellular services is the following: you should pay for all outcoming calls, outcoming text messages, and additional services, such as voice mail, number identification, call diverting, etc. All incoming calls and messages are free of charge. The price of the phone call depends on where you are calling from and where you are calling to. So if you are traveling with your own cellphone and SIM-card, you will be able to use it, if your provider has «roaming» agreement with one of the local mobile operators.
We are now, what we call, in the age of communications. We choose the mobile phone gadgets for communicating and also for other purposes like listening to music, playing games, Internet access, sending texts, etc. So mobile phones are used for several reasons. Other features include the camera, video, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, infrared port, etc. In a single gadget we use all these features which we need all the day. We don’t need a separate music player or a gaming device. Mobile phones have it all.
There are many new mobile phones which also have Internet facility for sending e-mails or downloading any music files and playing online games. Many phones are now coming with this additional service, namely GPS, which has maps of about 150 countries which can be explored by you. These days’ mobile phones have many accessories like the Bluetooth, earphones, headphones, mobile covers and so on.
Today there is a wide choice of the mobile phone gadgets and if you want to buy one, it is better to go to a specialized shop, where you can buy phone with all accessories and get a guarantee.
Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.
Задание 3. Подберите синонимы к выделенным словам. Переведите предложения:
Dialogues
Задание 1. Прослушайте диалоги к теме «Telephoning» и воспроизведите их в парах:
Dialogue 1
A: - Good afternoon, Fowler’s, can I help you?
B: - Extension 237 please.
A: - I’m sorry, the line is busy, will you hold?
B: - Yes, I’ll hold.
……………………….
A: - I’m putting you through.
C: - Marketing, Harry Webb speaking.
A: - Could I speak to George Garrison, please?
C: - I’m sorry; he is at a meeting now.
A: - Do you know when he’ll be back?
C: - He should be back around four. Can I take a message?
A: - Yes, please ask him to call David Jones on 629 3478.
C: - Ok, I’ll see he gets your message.
Dialogue 2
O: - Hello, Frank and Brothers. How can I help you?
P: - This is Peter Jackson. Can I have extension 3421?
O: - Certainly, hold on a minute, I’ll put you through…
F: - Bob Peterson’s office, Frank speaking.
P: - This is Peter Jackson calling, is Bob in?
F: - I’m afraid he’s out at the moment. Can I take message?
P: - Yes, Could you ask him to call me. I need to talk to him, it is urgent.
F: - Could you remind the number please?
P: - Yes, that’s 456 7865 and this is Peter Jackson.
F: - Thank you Mr. Jackson, I’ll make sure Bob gets it.
P: - Thanks, bye.
F: - Bye.
Задание 2. Переведите следующие фразы на английский язык:
Вас к телефону.
Не вешайте трубку.
Вы набрали неправильный номер.
Телефон занят.
Повесьте трубку.
Номер свободен.
Простите за беспокойство.
Можно мне господина Смита?
Алло, это говорит Браун.
Соедините меня с номером 891.
Не могли бы вы мне сказать код Лондона?
Ситуационные задачи
Задание 1. Составьте высказывание по модели в соответствии с ситуациями:
Model: In this case I’ll say….
What will you say:
1. if you’ve got the wrong number?
2. if somebody has dialed your number by mistake?
3. to a person making a call wants to speak to somebody else, not to you?
4. to a person who answers your call?
5. if somebody is interested to know who you are?
Задание 2. Продолжите следующие диалоги в соответствии с ситуациями:
№1.
– Hello, can I speak to Mr. Black?
– Mr. Black, you are wanted on the phone.
№2.
– Hello, my name is Steve Johnson. Could I speak to Miss Maxwell?
– Sorry, Miss Maxwell isn’t available. She won’t be back till 3 o’clock.
№3.
– Is this 890165?
POST SERVICE
Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором:
отправления
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
POST SERVICE
Post communication or mail is a kind of communication which carries our regular transfer of items of mail – the written correspondence, periodicals, remittances, parcel posts.
In the post office there is a number of windows with a sign showing the operations handled. You can buy here all kinds of stamps, post cards, and envelops.
There are post offices in every town and nearly every village in the country. If you want to post an ordinary letter or a post card, you need not go to the post office; you can drop it into the nearest pillar-box. Pillar-boxes are emptied twice a day. If you want to send a telegram, you can either take it to the nearest post-office or dictate it over the telephone.
When sending a letter of special value, you should have it registered. Registered letters are not left with the ordinary mail in the letter-box, but delivered personally. The sender is given a receipt at the post office, so he can always trace the letter. Of course, there is a special charge for this service.
At the post-office we can send all kinds of telegrams: photo-telegrams, express-telegrams, ordinary and urgent telegrams. You can subscribe to different newspapers and magazines at the window «Printed matter». At the post office, there are also P.O. boxes. P.O. box means a post office box, it is a numbered box to which someone’s mail can be sent.
The «Post Restate» window keeps mail until called for. The post-office maintains this service for those who prefer to pick up the mail in person.
The window marked «Parcel Post» handles all parcels or packages. The amount you have to pay depends on the weight of the parcel. You must not forget to insure your parcel if you have got something valuable in it. The larger post offices maintain a wrapping and packing services.
At the «Money Order» window we can send the money. If a remittance is received to our name we can get the money there. We are given a printed form to fill in. The clerk asks for our passport, checks it up with the filled printed form, returns the passport and hands us the money.
At some post-offices there is a special window where you may pay bills for your telephone, gas and electricity.
Today, besides the ordinary post service we have the express mail delivery services, such as DHL, FedEx. These services can deliver your letter or parcel during 1-3 days to any part of the world. Of course such kind of service is more expensive than ordinary post service.
And finally, with the development of new technologies a new type of mail «e-mail» has appeared. Nowadays people use it wider for personal and professional use than any other kind of service.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.
What kinds of service does the post communication carry out?
Do you need to go to the post-office, if you want to send a letter?
What can you buy at the post-office?
What are the windows at the post-office?
What is the difference between the ordinary letter and registered letter?
How can you get the remittance?
What is a P.O. box?
Where may you pay your telephone, gas and electricity bills?
What do you know about the «e-mail»?
Задание 2. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:
Отправляя письмо, не забудьте наклеить на конверт марку, иначе письмо не дойдет до адресата.
За границу удобнее всего посылать письмо авиапочтой.
Подписка на газеты и журналы производится на любом почтовом отделении.
Выемка почты из уличных почтовых ящиков производится несколько раз в день.
Пожалуйста, дайте мне бланк телеграммы.
Я надеюсь, что телеграмма прибудет вовремя.
Почтовые расходы зависят от веса посылки и от расстояния, на которое она посылается.
Запишите, пожалуйста, почтовый индекс.
Мне нужны авиамарки для отправки письма в Европу.
Вы хотите отправить их бандеролью или посылкой?
Dialogues
Задание 1. Прослушайте диалоги к теме и воспроизведите их в парах:
Dialogue 1
R: - I would like to send this letter to Japan by airmail, how much is the charge?
G: - It is $1.2. Do you need extra stamps?
R: - I do, I’ve been also expecting a package from New-York. Here is my identity card and the receipt.
G: - Would you mind signing this form? Here is the package.
R: - Finally, I would like to send this registered letter to London.
G: - Please fill in the complete address in capital letters.
Dialogue 2
G: - I’ve got a telegram to send. Please give me a message form.
C: - Here you are, sir. Please write legibly, and make out the address and the addresser’s name in block capitals.
G: - Ok. I’ll.
C: - Shall it be ordinary, urgent or express, sir?
G: - Oh, let’s have it urgent. What’s the charge?
C: - Let me see… It’ll be ninety pence.
Задание 2. Задайте вопросы по модели в соответствии с ситуациями:
You don’t know at what counter of the post office you can do one or another thing. Ask for help.
You want:
to send a parcel
to cash a money order
c) to send a telegram
d) to subscribe to newspapers
Model: Excuse me, where can I get a form for a money order?
You are going to send something. Ask what the postage is.
You are sending:
a registered letter to France
two albums by book-post to London
a parcel insured to Japan
an ordinary letter to New York
Model: I’d like to send a letter to England by air mail. What’s the postage on it, please?
Текст на аудирование
Задание 1. Повторяйте за диктором слова и словосочетания. Запомните их значения:
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
THE INTERNET
The Internet gives access to a lot of information. It is possible to find data and descriptions, chapters from necessary books…, to make a long story short, everything you need. The Internet, a global computer network, which embraces millions of users all over the world, began to function in the United States in 1969 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive in a nuclear war. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another.
Most of the Internet host computers (more than 50%) are in the United States, while the rest are located in other countries. Although the number of host computers can be counted fairly accurately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet. There are millions and their number is growing by thousands each month worldwide. Users of computers in the network can send messages to each other, to communicate online and to do a lot of other things. In many offices and organizations computer messages have replaced messages written on paper, and they are now called e-mail or electronic mail. E-mail is not only fast and easy, but it also saves paper and the work of moving paper from one place to another. Workers can send and receive e-mail without leaving their desks and their desktop computers.
The Internet may provide businessmen with a reliable alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunication systems of their communities.
Commercial users can communicate over the Internet with the rest of the world and can do it very cheaply. But saving money is only the first step. If people see that they can make money from the Internet, they increase the commercial use of this network. For example, some American banks and companies conduct transactions over the Internet.
If you do not have your own computer, but want to use the Internet, you can use an Internet café. These cafés will charge for the amount of time you spend on the Internet and you will either pay after you have finished or buy credits beforehand. If you don’t have easy access to an Internet café, your library may have computers with Internet access and sometimes you can even use it for free for a limited period of time.
Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
What is the Internet?
What was the Internet originally designed for?
What country has the most of the Internet host computers?
What can you do thanks to the Internet?
Where can you find the Internet if you haven’t it at home?
Задание 3. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:
Я проверяю почту, читаю новости, общаюсь со своей семьей и друзьями.
Я тоже собираюсь подключиться к высокоскоростному Интернету.
Ты общаешься с ними посредствам текстовых сообщений?
Это выглядит как общение по телефону, только намного дешевле.
Это хороший метод для практики английского языка.
Информацию об автобусных маршрутах по городу, ты можешь найти на специальном сайте.
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Тема 10. Дом. Квартира
MY FLAT
Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором:
площадь)
принадлежности
Задание 2. Запомните употребление предлогов в следующих выражениях:
on the first floor - на втором этаже
on the sunny side - на солнечной стороне
in the middle of smth - посредине чего-либо
in the corner - в углу
on the left - налево
on the right - направо
on the wall - на стене
at the window - у окна
to the left of - налево от …
in front of the door - перед дверью
around the table - вокруг стола
above the table - над столом
Задание 3. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
MY FLAT
My family lives in a large town. There are many modern high-storied buildings in it. Recently we moved into a new flat of the eight-floor house. Our flat is on the seventh floor. It faces the park. There is an elevator and all conveniences in our house. We have gas, central heating, hot and cold running water. They make our life more comfortable.
We live in a three-room flat. It is not very large but pretty, comfortable and roomy. Our flat is on the sunny side of the house and each room has a wide window. That is why all rooms of it are light.
The living-room is the largest in our flat. The walls of it are light-green. There is a big red-and-green carpet on the floor in the middle of the room. To the right of the window there is a sofa and two armchairs. The furniture in the living-room is very comfortable. In front of the sofa there is a TV set and a DVD recorder. On the window there are nice stripped red and green curtains.
In my parents’ bedroom there is a double bed with bedside stands, a wardrobe and a dressing table with a mirror above it. On the walls of coral colour there are some pictures of flowers. There are two lamps on the wall above the bed. The curtains on the window are white.
My own room is very cozy. There is a single bed and a desk in it. The wall papers of it are coloured. The ceiling is blue with many single lamps. I like music very much, that is why I have a CD player. There is a computer to the left of the desk. On the wall behind the computer there are two shelves with books on them. On other walls there are many photos of my friends, my family, and me.
Our kitchen is modern equipped, too. There is a refrigerator, microwave oven, stove, mixer, mincer, coffee-maker, and dish washer in it. Of course, all these electric appliances make our life easier and more comfortable. To the right of the door there is a table and six chairs around it.
In the bathroom there is a washing machine. To the right of the washing machine there is a sink and a glass shelf for toilet articles with a mirror above it. To the right of the door there is a big hot whirlpool. The floor and the walls of the bathroom are ceramic.
Our hall is not large. In the hall there is a hall stand for coats. An umbrella stand is in the left corner and a key rack is on the left wall.
I like my flat very much. It is so pleasant to come home, when working day has gone. Of course, for me my home is not only a flat or a house, but also it is people who live there and the atmosphere of love and mutual understanding.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
Задание 2. Вставьте необходимые предлоги:
Задание 3. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам и ответьте на них.
Задание 4. Составьте специальные вопросы.
|
Ask your friend |
where he lives. if he lives in a modern high-stored building. what house he (she) has. what floor the flat is. what conveniences the house has. what side of the house the flat is. what her living-room is. if there is a sofa in it. what his own room is. if he likes music. where there is a refrigerator. |
Задание 5. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:
Текст на аудирование
Задание 1. Повторяйте за диктором слова и словосочетания. Запомните их значения:
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
Suburban House
Many families in London live in flats but most people like to live in their own houses in suburbs. A suburban house consists of only two floors: the ground floor and the first floor.
On the ground floor there is a dining-room, a sitting room, a kitchen and a hall. In the hall there is a stand for hats, coats and umbrellas.
On the first floor there are usually four bedrooms, a bathroom and a lavatory.
The fireplace warms the house. In front of the house there is a small garden in which roses, tulips and many flowers are grown. At the back of the house there is a large garden with a lawn and some fruit trees. At the side of the house there is a garage.
The English people usually say «My house is my castle».
Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы:
Задание 4. Закончите предложения, исходя из содержания текста.
Dialogue
Задание 1. Прослушайте диалог. Воспроизведите его в парах:
Good afternoon, Ann.
How do you do, Kate? I am glad to see you.
Where are you going?
The lecture is over, and I'm going home. We moved into a new flat in Mira Street.
My great congratulations to you. What floor is your flat on?
It is on the fifth floor in a new six-storeyed house.
How many rooms are there in your flat?
Our flat has three rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a corridor.
Are there all modern conveniences in your flat?
Of course, there is gas, electricity, running water and a central heating in it.
Have you got your own room in the flat?
Yes, I have got it. I like my room very much. There is a sofa, a bookcase, a small desk, and a wardrobe in it. It is very cozy.
Is it enough for you?
Yes, it is quite enough for me.
It's no use to describe our flat. I invite you to our house.
Thank you very much. I'll visit you with pleasure.
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Тема11. Город
TOWN
Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором:
удовольствие
Задание 2. . Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
STAVROPOL
Stavropol was founded in 1777 as a fortress on the southern boundaries of Russia under the decree of Empress Ekaterina II. The first settlements around the Stavropol fortress were formed by Khoper Cossaсks. The fortress turned into a town in 1785.
Originally it was founded as a strategic point, but later the town became a cultural centre of the North Caucasus. The word «Stavropol» is a Greek word meaning «а city of a cross». The first street, which is now called Karl Marx Prospekt, was built in 1785.
The town is located in the center of the Forecaucasus. It is on the east side of the extensive picturesque Stavropol plateau. It is like a green island, surrounded in woods and located among endless steppes. Stavropol is one of the greenest towns of Russia. Beautiful parks attract visitors, opening shady alleys in front of them. Among them are: «Victory Park», «Alexandrovsky Park», «Central Park» and others.
Now Stavropol is a town of students and science. There are many colleges and higher educational institutions in the town such as: the Stavropol State Medical Academy, the State Stavropol University, the North Caucasian Technical University, the Stavropol State Agricultural University and many others.
There are some museums, for example: the Museum of Fine Arts, the Lopatin Home-Museum and the Grechishkin Museum of Paintings. The largest museum of the town is the Regional Museum. Its collection includes over 200 000 exhibits.
Stavropol is the centre of cultural life. There is the Lermontov Drama Theatre, the Concert Hall and a big library, many schools and kindergartens, a good Palace for Children, where children can go and do many interesting things. Young people can visit different night clubs and cinemas. They can dance, listen to the music, meet their friends and chat with them there.
Stavropol is an economic and industrial center of the Region. The machine building and agriculture are especially strong branches of the economy.
There are many historical monuments which reflect the outstanding events of the town. They are: the Lenin Square, the Komsomol Hill, the Central Flame and the Monument for Unknown Soldier.
The town is also the centre of the Stavropol and Vladikavkaz Eparchy of Russian Orthodox Church. There are many churches and cathedrals in the town.
In the streets there are a lot of trees and flower-beds. From early spring till late autumn visitors may enjoy the sights and the scenes of exotic flowers in blossom. In spring and summer the flower-beds strike with their diversity. Stavropol is a fast growing town. Its population is over 450 thousand people. More than 130 nationalities and people of different religions live in friendship and they are always willing to help each other.
Задание 3.Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
When was Stavropol founded?
Where was Stavropol founded as a fortress?
What were the first settlements around the Stavropol fortress?
When did the fortress turn into a town?
What was the town originally founded as?
What is the meaning of the word “Stavropol”?
Where is the town located?
What does the town look like among endless steppes?
What attract visitors in the town?
What parks are there in the town?
Why is Stavropol a town of students?
What museums are there in the town?
What is the largest museum in the town?
What proves that the town is a center of culture?
What are the main economic branches in the town?
What monuments are there in the town?
What do historical monuments reflect?
What proves that Stavropol is the center of Stavropol and Vladikavkaz Eparchy of Russia?
What may the visitors enjoy from spring till autumn?
What is the population of the town?
How do people of different nationalities and religions live in the region?
Задание 4. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам:
Задание 5. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги в следующих предложениях:
Задание 6. Закончите предложения согласно содержанию текста.
Задание 7. Составьте план к тексту.
Текст на аудирование
Задание 1. Повторяйте за диктором слова и словосочетания. Запомните их значения:
правительства
промышленности
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание:
MOSCOW
Moscow is the capital of Russia, its administrative, economic, political and educational centre. The city was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky and was first mentioned in the chronicles. By the 15th century Moscow had grown into a wealthy city.
The present-day Moscow is the seat of the government of the Russian Federation. President of Russia lives and works here; government offices are located here, too.
Moscow is a major industrial city. Its leading industries are engineering, chemical and light ones.
Moscow is known for its many historical buildings, museums and art galleries, as well as for the famous Bolshoi, Maly and Art Theatres.
Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
Задание 4. Сообщите информацию о:
Задание 5. Согласитесь или не согласитесь с данными утверждениями. Начните предложения с выражений:
You are right …. You are not right ….
Задание 6. Перескажите текст на русском и английском языках.
Dialogues
Задание 1. Прослушайте диалоги и воспроизведите их в парах.
Dialogue 1
Is it possible to see anything of Moscow in one or two days?
Well, yes, but of course, not half enough.
What do you think I ought to see first?
Well, if you are interested in historical places, you should go to the Red Square. Do you like art galleries?
Rather.
Then why not to go to the State Tretyakov Gallery? But you could spend a whole day there. It’s much too big to be seen in an hour or so.
What about going to the Bolshoi Opera House?
That’s not a bad idea. How can I get there?
Let me see. I think your best way from here is to walk across the square.
Is it much of a walk?
Oh, no, a quarter of an hour or so.
Dialogue 2
Where did you come from, Nick?
Well, I came from a place called Stavropol.
Mmm… . Sounds great. But I've never heard of it.
Many people haven’t. It is in the south of our country. It was a small, sleepy sort of place hundred years ago.
And now it's changed, hasn't it?
Oh, yes, now it's a town. It's expanded a lot: new shops, offices, factories.
Well, every town is growing now. One day the whole world is going to become one great town or city.
I agree with you.
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Тема 12. Медицинское обслуживание в России
MEDICAL SERVICE IN RUSSIA
Задание 1. Запомните произношение следующих слов. Повторяйте их за диктором:
Задание 2. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором:
полис
врачу
лаборатория
легкие
давление
заболевания
распоряжении
больничный лист
Задание 3. Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание:
The basic medical unit in our country is а polyclinic. There are district polyclinics for the adult population and for the children. The medical insurance cards guarantee people free of charge medical assistance.
The staff of the polyclinic consists of different specialists: therapeutists, neurologists, otholaringologists, eye doctors, surgeons and others. Patient makes an appointment with the doctor at the registry or calls him to his home. Personal information of any patient is kept on a computer now. Computers contain detailed records of the patient’s medical history.
Ambulant patients are seen at the polyclinic by the district doctors. Doctors receive their patients in the consulting rooms, which have modern apparatuses and equipment for patients' examination and treatment. Besides the consulting rooms there is a diagnostic laboratory for making analyses of blood, urine, gastric juice, sputum, an electrocardiography room, rooms for various roentgenologic, roentgenographic, roentgenoscopic, ultrasonic investigations of organs and a procedure room.
Before making a diagnosis, the doctor asks about the patient's complaints, examines him thoroughly. He listens to his heart and lungs, counts his pulse rate, measures his blood pressure and palpates his abdomen and lymph nodes. All findings of physical examination are recorded into the patient’s case-history. A case history is a detailed account of patient’s current illness. It also includes information about his past history, history of familial and hereditary diseases.
Sometimes additional investigations are necessary. Nowadays doctors have at their disposal modern diagnostic apparatuses which help them to gain information required to make a proper diagnosis.
On the basis of all data the doctor makes a diagnosis and prescribes a proper treatment. In serious cases a doctor puts a patient on a sick list or refers him to a hospital.
Prevention of diseases is important. That‘s why population must undergo regular medical check-ups at polyclinics.
Nurses help doctors to examine patients, to fill in case-histories. They also give injections, put bandages and make a wide range of medical and diagnostic procedures.
Doctors at a maternity consultation centres look after the health of expectant mothers from the early months of pregnancy up to delivery.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:
What is the polyclinic?
How do people receive medical assistance at the polyclinic?
What specialists work at the polyclinic?
Where do the doctors receive their patients?
What rooms are there at the polyclinic?
How does the patient make an appointment with a doctor?
How does the doctor perform a patient’s physical examination?
Where does the doctor record all data of the examinations?
What does the doctor do in serious case?
What are the duties of nurses?
Where do the expectant mothers receive their regular observations?
Задание 2. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык:
Участковая поликлиника, штат поликлиники, кабинет врача, жалобы больного, записаться на прием к врачу, кабинет ЭКГ, история болезни, медицинский полис, дополнительные исследования, выдать больничный лист, делать инъекции, вызвать врача на дом, ультразвуковые исследования, регистратура, медицинские и диагностические процедуры, хирург, бесплатно.
Задание 3. Поставьте личные местоимения в скобках в нужную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
Let (I) listen to your heart and lungs. 2. Let (he) take your temperature. 3. Ask (she) to stay in bed for some days. 4. Let (I) palpate your abdomen. 5. Ask (he) to be X-rayed to-day.
Задание 4. Вставьте модальные глаголы «must», «can», «may» по смыслу. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
… I make an appointment with Dr. Smirnov?
The doctor … have your blood analysis to be sure of a diagnosis.
As my sister is ill, she … stay in bed.
You … follow the doctor’s instructions.
… I count your pulse rate?
You … take your case-history from the table.
Задание 5. Поставьте общие и специальные вопросы к следующим предложениям:
My sister complains of a bad headache.
Doctor Smirnov receives patients in his consulting room.
The nurse took the patient’s temperature.
Ultrasound apparatuses help doctors to make diagnosis.
The staff of the polyclinic consists of many specialists.
Задание 1. Запомните произношение следующих слов. Повторяйте их за диктором:
Задание 2. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором:
Задание 3. Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание:
TEXT
When you receive a prescription from the doctor or need some medicines you go to the chemist’s shop.
There are two departments at a big chemist’s shop. At the chemist’s department one can have medicines right away; other drugs can be ordered at the prescription department.
At the chemist’s one can buy drugs in solid and liquid forms such as: pills or tablets, capsules, powders, mixtures, drops, ointments, tinctures, syrups, and so on. It may be pain-killers, antibiotics, antiseptics, laxatives, tonics, vitamins, and other drugs and solutions.
Every small bottle, tube or box of medicine has a label on it. The labels indicate drugs for internal, external use or injections. The annotation to the drug contains essential information about it: the name of a drug, manufacturer, and composition, directions for use, possible side effects and precautions. It is very important, because any overdosage may cause side effect or even death.
At the chemist’s we may buy things necessary for patients’ care: cotton-wool, dressing material, adhesive plasters, mustard plasters. One can get hot-water bottles, medicine droppers, thermometers, tonometers, syringes and so on.
There is also a big choice of hygienic means for children and adults.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.
Задание 2. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующим словосочетаниям:
1. a department where one can order drugs;
2. a small slip of paper on which the name of a medicine is written;
3. drugs taken orally;
4. an excessive dose of a drug;
5. an instrument by which a medicine is introduced into the vein;
6. an instrument for measuring a temperature.
Задание 3. Перефразируйте предложения согласно модели. Переведите на русский язык.
Model: I stick a label.
The label is stuck by me.
The overdosage may cause a death.
This drug caused a side effect.
I bought vitamins at the chemist’s shop.
My sister applied a hot-water bottle to her feet.
The doctor administered a cough mixture.
Задание 4. Составьте вопросы к следующим предложениям (общий и специальный вопросы):
The nurse made him an intramuscular injection.
This drug caused allergic reaction on the skin.
This child takes this medicine three times a day.
The doctor will prescribe some sleeping drugs to her.
The name of the drug is indicated on a label.
Задание 1. Повторяйте за диктором слова и словосочетания. Запомните их значение:
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание:
MY VISIT TO A DOCTOR
I fell ill and went to our district polyclinic. At the registry a registering clerk asked my name and address and found my case-history. I took it and went to my district doctor, who was receiving her patients in the Consulting Room Number 5. Several patients were waiting until it was their turn. Soon a nurse asked me to come in.
I must say, that Dr. Ivanova is an experienced therapeutist. She treats all the members of our family. First of all she asked me about my complaints.
I felt badly. I had temperature and a sore throat. The nurse asked me to keep the thermometer in my armpit for some minutes. It was 38°C! My tonsils were swollen and red. The doctor asked me to strip to the waist and listened to my heart and lungs. There were no râles in the lungs. The doctor said that it was quinzy. She prescribed me a bed regimen for some days, medicines and vitamins. To relieve the pain in the throat she advised me to gargle my throat with an antiseptic solution several times a day. I always follow the prescribed treatment to be well again as soon as possible.
Задание 3. Расскажите, что Вы поняли, прослушав текст (на русском языке).
Задание 4. Составьте план пересказа текста на русском языке.
Задание 5. Перескажите текст на английском языке.
Задание 1. Прослушайте диалог. Воспроизведите его в парах.
Ann – Good morning, Kate! I’m seriously ill and want you to go to the nearest chemist’s, to buy drugs.
Kate – Certainly Ann, I’ll help you with pleasure, what drugs do you need?
Ann – Doctor thinks, that I have grippe. I have a bad headache, temperature, cough and pains in joints.
Kate – Well I’ll go to the chemist’s immediately, because grippe is a very serious disease for its complications.
(Kate comes to the chemist’s. She addresses to the chemist):
Kate – What will you advise for grippe? My friend has high temperature and cough.
Chem– Take these drugs to relieve the symptoms of grippe and this cough mixture must be taken, a tablespoonful, three times a day. I also advise to take vitamins. She must follow doctor’s instructions and stay in bed.
Kate - Thank you very much, I think my friend will recover soon, good-bye.
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Тема 13. Больница
HOSPITAL
Задание 1. Запомните произношение следующих слов. Повторяйте их за диктором:
Задание 2. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором:
больницы
Задание 3. Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание:
HOSPITAL
The medical service in our country is based on the principle of qualified medical aid. The public health system includes a variety of medical institutions. There are polyclinics, hospitals and other curative and preventive institutions.
Hospital is a medical institution where in-patients are treated. There are general hospitals and specialized ones such as infection hospitals, children’s hospitals, mental, oncological, emergency and other hospitals and clinics. Babies are born in maternity homes. Urgent medical treatment is provided by the physicians and resuscitation specialists of the first-aid ambulance centres.
Each general hospital has several departments. There are surgical, therapeutic, cardiac, neurology, burns and other departments. Medical staff of the hospital consists of a head doctor, physicians, surgeons, neurologists, ENT-specialists, cardiologists, gynecologists, psychiatrics, oncologists and other specialists. Nursing staff consists of doctors’ assistants and nurses.
Medical Academy has some clinical chairs on the hospital grounds. The medical students study here under the guidance of professors, associate professors and assistants.
When the patient is admitted to the hospital he is taken to the reception ward. After a preliminary examination the patient is directed to a certain department. There are several wards, doctors’ and nurses’ rooms, a medical treatment room, a dining-room, a sterilizing- and a bath-rooms, toilets in each department.
Every day the doctors make the morning rounds. The doctor in charge examines the patient, listens to the heart and lungs, takes blood pressure, palpates the abdomen etc. Then the doctor fills in a case-history and gives instructions to the nurse as to the treatment of the patients.
Nurses carry out doctors’ assignments: they make injections, take the patients' temperature, feel the pulse, put bandages, apply compress etc. They also sterilize instruments and prepare everything for the operations. Operations are performed in the surgery block. It's equipped with an operating table, a shadowless lamp, an apparatus for anesthesia, blood transfusion.
Every hospital has its laboratory for making analyses. Laboratory assistants make blood, urine and other analyses.
When the doctors see a marked improvement in patients’ condition they can discharge them from the hospital.
Exercises
Задание 1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты данных слов и словосочетаний:
Медицинское учреждение, детская больница, больница скорой помощи, родильный дом, отделение, палата, обучаться под чьим-либо руководством, приемное отделение, предварительный осмотр, физиотерапевтический кабинет, обход, лечение больного, прослушать сердце и легкие, аппарат для анестезии, быть оборудованным.
Задание 2. Расположите вопросы соответственно содержанию текста, ответьте на них устно:
Задание 3. Поставьте сказуемое в соответствующую форму:
Задание 1. Повторяйте за диктором слова и словосочетания. Запомните их значение:
в Великобритании
страховой компании
помощи
медицинская помощь
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание:
Medical Service in Britain
In Britain there is a National Health Service (the NHS), which is paid for by taxes and national insurance, and in general people do not have to pay for medical treatment. Every person is registered with a doctor in their local area, known as a general practitioner or GP. This means that the patient’s name is on the GP’s list, and the patient may make an appointment to see the doctor or may call the doctor out to him if he is ill. People sometimes have to pay part of the cost of drugs that the doctor prescribes. GPs are trained in general medicine but are not specialists in any particular subject. If a patient needs to see a specialist doctor, he must first go to his GP and then the GP will make an appointment for the patient to see a specialist at a hospital or clinic.
Although everyone in Britain can have free treatment under the NHS, it is also possible to have treatment done privately, for which one has to pay. Some people have private health insurance to help them to pay for private treatment. Under the NHS people who need to go to hospital may have to wait for a long time on a waiting list for their treatment. If they pay for the treatment, they will probably get it more quickly. Anyone who is very ill can call an ambulance and get taken to hospital for free urgent medical treatment. Ambulances are a free service in Britain.
Задание 3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по содержанию текста:
Задание 4. Закончите предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста:
Задание 1. Повторяйте за диктором слова и словосочетания. Запомните их значение:
постараться
Задание 2. Прослушайте диалог и воспроизведите его в парах:
A.: - A lot of people in Britain don’t know very much about the Russian Health Service. Could you tell me some words about its structure?
B.: - I'll certainly do my best. As you know, I’m a medical student and know the system of medical aid in our country. Well, where should I begin?
A.: - First of all, I’d like to know something about Hospital Service. Is it free of charge?
B.: - If you have Insurance Policy you can get medical services free of charge with the exception of some types of stomatologic aid.
A.: - What departments are there in the hospital?
B.: - As far as I know there are many departments in each hospital: therapeutic, neurology, cardiac, burns, etc. There are also specialized clinics: mental, oncological, infectious and others.
A.: - That’s excellent. But what about children? Where are they treated?
B.: - There are special children’s hospitals where they have got all sorts of treatment. Besides in kindergartens and at schools children are given regular medical examination. “Prevention is better than cure”, as we say.
A.: - You are quite right. What’s the medical staff at the hospital?
B.: - As a rule, medical staff consists of a chief-doctor, therapeutists, surgeons, cardiologists, neurologists and many other specialists. They work in the departments. As for nurses, they assist the surgeons during operations, take the patient's temperature, provide medical procedures.
A.: - I suppose, a general hospital has necessary equipment, hasn't it?
B.: - Yes, of course. Each hospital is modern equipped and has necessary instruments.
A.: - I know your state is doing all it can to meet the requirements of a modern Health Service. Thank you for the information. Good-bye!
B.: - Good-bye!
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Тема 14. Признаки и симптомы болезни
DISEASE: SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором:
чего-либо
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание:
DISEASE: SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Disease may be acute, chronic, malignant, or benign. Of these terms, chronic and acute have to do with the duration of a disease, malignant and benign with its potentiality for causing death.
An acute disease usually begins abruptly and is over soon. Acute appendicitis, for example, is characterized by vomiting, and pain usually localized in the lower right side. It usually requires immediate surgical treatment. The term chronic refers to a process that often begins very gradually and then persists for a long period. For example, ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease. Its peak incidence is early in the second decade of life. The disease is characterized by relapsing attacks of bloody diarrhea that persist for weeks to months. These attacks alternate with asymptomatic periods that can last from weeks to years.
The terms benign and malignant, most often used to describe tumours, can be used in a more general sense. Benign diseases are generally without complications, and a good prognosis is usual. Malignancy implies a process that, if left alone, will result in fatal illness. Cancer is the general term for all malignant tumours.
Diseases usually are indicated by signs and symptoms. A sign is defined as an objective manifestation of disease that can be determined by a physician; a symptom is subjective evidence of disease reported by the patient. Each disease has a lot of signs and symptoms; individual sign such as fever, however, may be found in a great number of diseases.
Fever is an abnormal rise in body temperature. It is most often a sign of infection but can be present when there is tissue destruction, as, for example, from a severe burn or when large amounts of tissue have died because of lack of blood supply. Fever is a highly significant indicator of disease.
The pulse rate is important information. The heart rate varies with the level of physical activity: the heart beats are faster during exercise and more slowly during rest. An abnormal pulse or heart rate may indicate a disease. The heart rate increases in the feverish patient. A weak, rapid pulse rate may be a sign of severe blood loss or of disease within the heart itself. Irregularity of the pulse is an important indicator of heart malfunction.
The respiratory rate (rate of breathing) is modified by disease. Persons with fever have an increased respiratory rate, which serves to lower body temperature.
Temperature, pulse, and respiratory rate – called the vital signs — may be important manifestations of disease. A fourth vital sign, blood pressure, is equally significant. Among other things, it indicates the amount of blood in circulation.
Exercises
Задание 1. Найдите правильные ответы на вопросы и закончите предложения соответственно содержанию текста:
1. Which of the following is not characteristic for chronic disease?
2. According to the text, … .
3. Which of the following is not true?
4. Irregularity of the pulse shows everything except … .
5. Which of the following is not true?
Текст на аудирование
Задание 1. Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание:
Acute appendicitis is known to occur in all age groups. It is more frequent in women from 20 to 40 years old. Cases of appendicitis may occur even in infants and in very old age. Acute appendicitis begins suddenly with sharp pain which is at first felt in epigastrium but then becomes generalized in the abdomen. The pain becomes worse on deep breathing in and coughing. It is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, retention of stools and gases. Sometimes constipation or diarrhea may be present. The temperature is normal or subfebrile. With the development of the disease temperature elevation is observed. The pulse is quick, 90-100 beats per minute. The tongue is coated and dry.
The attack of appendicitis may last to 3-4 days. Then the temperature returns to normal, abdominal pains decrease and only a moderate tenderness is felt in the right lower part of the abdomen on palpation. Palpation should be done with great gentleness to avoid rupture of the abscess.
Acute appendicitis is treated surgically. The operation is performed either under local or under general anesthesia.
The appendix is removed immediately to prevent its rupture which may result in peritonitis. Such forms of appendicitis as gangrenous and perforating are particularly dangerous to life. But sometimes even a mild form of appendicitis has a severe course and results in perforation.
Задание 2. Укажите, какие из перечисленных симптомов относятся к острому аппендициту:
Nausea, constipation, headache, fatigue, sharp pain in the abdomen, toothache, diarrhea, coated tongue, dizziness.
Задание 3 .Поставьте глагол в нужную форму:
Задание 4. Составьте предложения по модели:
Model: Grippe is characterized by pains in the limbs, high temperature, malaise, headache.
Grippe – pains in the limbs, high temperature, malaise, headache.
Scarlet fever – sore-throat, elevated temperature, rash.
Chicken-pox – general malaise, temperature, eruption, itching.
Appendicitis – severe pain, gastric disturbances, nausea, vomiting.
Tuberculosis – cough, night sweats, low grade temperature, weakness, malaise, anorexia, loss of weight.
Heart failure – dyspnea, radiating pains, edema, palpitation.
Gastritis – pains, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.
Pleurisy– dry cough, sharp pains, fever, malaise.
Mumps– swelling of the parotid glands, difficulties in swallowing, sweating, loss of appetite, temperature.
Задание 8. Прослушайте диалог, постарайтесь понять его содержание.
Обратите внимание на ключевые слова и словосочетания.
Dialogue
Задание 1. Прослушайте диалог. Воспроизведите его в парах.
Doctor: Well, what is the trouble? You are looking rather unwell, I must say.
Mr. Brown. You had better ask me what is not trouble with me, sir. It seems to me I am suffering all the illnesses imaginable: headache, earache, insomnia, indigestion, pains in the stomach, muscle pain, appetite loss. And to make things worse I’ve caught a cold, I’ve got a sore throat, so I am sneezing and coughing all the time. I feel hot and feverish. I got short of breath. Actually, I feel more dead than alive.
Doctor: I am sorry to hear that. Anyway, I don’t think things are so bad as you can imagine. Let me have a look at you. I’d like to sound your chest. Your heart, chest and lungs seem to be not bad. Now let me see your throat. Yes, it looks a bit sore. Show me your tongue. Have you taken your temperature?
Mr. Brown. Not yet, but I guess I should.
Doctor: Well, I don’t find anything radically wrong with you. But it is clear that you’re down, and if you don’t take care of yourself, you may have a nervous breakdown. So, first of all I advise you to stop worrying. Take some rest, have regular meals, keep off alcohol. If possible, give up smoking, at least for a time. Have this tonic made up and take 1 tablespoon three times a day before meals.
Mr. Brown. What about diet, doctor?
Doctor: Well, keep to a diet of salads and fruit, and a bit meat. If you do this I can promise you soon full recovery.
Mr. Brown. But if I don’t?
Doctor: You have to decide what is the lesser evil – to follow my advice or prepare for a better world! And one more thing. Keep off accidents so that your neck, arms and legs were not hurt!
Задание 2. Найдите перевод следующих клише и выражений в правом столбце:
волноваться
Задание 3. Составьте вопросы, ответы на которые приводятся ниже:
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Выполните лабораторную работу по теме в лингафонном кабинете.
Выучите новые слова и выражения по теме.
Переведите тексты темы на русский язык.
Составьте план пересказа темы на русском языке (используйте графологическую структуру к теме).
Подготовьте пересказ и диалог по теме на английском языке.
Тема 15. Клинические методы обследования больного
CLINICAL METHODS OF PATIENT’S EXAMINATION
Задание 1. Запомните произношение следующих слов. Повторяйте их за диктором:
Задание 2. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором:
1. method of examination метод осмотра, обследования
2. clinical examination клиническое обследование
3. physical examination физикальное обследование
4. treatment лечение
5. to make diagnosis поставить диагноз
6. cause of a disease причина заболевания
7. to reveal обнаруживать, выявлять
8. complete полный
9. inquiry опрос, расспрашивание
10. inspection осмотр
11. to count pulse rate измерять частоту пульса
12. to measure blood pressure измерять артериальное давление
13. X-ray examination рентгеновское исследование
14. laboratory study лабораторное исследование
15. to complain of жаловаться на
16. complaint жалоба
17. onset начало, приступ (заболевания)
18. past history анамнез перенесенных заболеваний
19. family history семейный анамнез
20. hereditary наследственный
21. disorder расстройство, нарушение
22. immediate relatives близкие родственники
23. to assess, assessment оценить, оценка
24. mental умственный
25. valuable ценный
26. appearance внешний вид
27. build телосложение
28. skin кожа
29. mucous membrane слизистая оболочка
30. tongue язык
31. pupil зрачок
32. salivary gland слюнная железа
33. elasticity упругость
34. rigidity неподвижность
35. outline контур
36. swelling припухлость
37. oedema отек
38. growth новообразование, опухоль
39. heart sound сердечный тон
40. crepitation хруст, крепитирующие звуки
41. râle хрип (в легких)
42. dullness притупленность (звука)
43. to ascertain установить, выяснить
44. to suffer from страдать от
45.method of investigation метод исследования
46. blood кровь
47. urine моча
48. sputum мокрота
49. bile желчь
50. swab, smear мазок
51. cytologic examination цитологическое
исследование
52. allergy аллергия
53. biopsy биопсия
54. specimen образец
55. to specify уточнить
56. tumour опухоль
57. valuable ценный
58. investigation исследование
59. shape очертание, контур
60. internal внутренний
61. patient’s case history история болезни пациента
Задание 3. Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание:
CLINICAL METHODS OF PATIENT’S EXAMINATION
Before the treatment of a disease it is necessary to make diagnosis, to determine the cause of the disease, and all symptoms by which it can be revealed.
Correct diagnosis must be based on a complete clinical examination of the patient.
The usual methods of physical examination which doctors use in daily practice are: inquiry, inspection, auscultation, palpation, percussion, taking the temperature, counting the pulse rate, taking the blood pressure, making X-ray examinations and various laboratory studies.
By questioning the patient the doctor learns about his complaints, the onset and duration of present illness. It is important to take a careful past history, family history, to reveal hereditary disorders and causes of death of immediate relatives. Assessment of mental and emotional state of a patient may also give valuable information to the doctor.
Inspection is the method by which doctor reveals the appearance of the patient, his build, the state of his skin, mucous membranes, tongue, pupils, etc. Doctor must observe the patient’s hands, feet, shape of the chest. He must palpate lymphatic and salivary glands.
By palpation the doctor determines elasticity or rigidity of the abdomen, the outlines or the enlargement of the abdominal organs, swelling, edema and existence of growth.
While auscultating the patient, the physician can determine the abnormal heart sounds, crepitations and râles in the lungs.
Percussion reveals dullness of sound and distribution of fluids in the body.
The temperature is taken by means of thermometer to ascertain whether the patient has or has no temperature.
The blood pressure is measured by means of tonometer to find out whether the patient is suffering from hypertension or hypotension.
The patient’s pulse is counted to assess its rate and rhythm. The normal pulse rate is 65-70 beats per minute.
In diagnostics of diseases various laboratory and instrumental methods of investigation are applied.
The laboratory investigations such as various blood and urine tests, stool studies and sputum, bile examinations may be very informative.
Patient’s swabs or smears are taken for cytologic examination. If the patient suffers from any kind of allergy it is necessary to make allergy tests. Mantoux’s test is used to detect the presence of tuberculous infection.
Biopsy specimens are taken to specify the character of tumour.
Valuable information may be obtained using modern roentgenologic, endoscopic and ultrasound methods of investigation. With the help of these investigations it is possible to determine position, shape, size, structure and pathology of the internal organs.
The methods of instrumental investigations require special preparation of the patients.
The results of physical examination, laborаtоry and instrumental investigations аre recorded into the patient’s case history.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по содержанию текста:
Задание 2. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык:
Осмотр пациента, частота пульса, пальпировать лимфатические и слюнные железы, жалобы пациента, страдать от, цитологические исследования, тоны сердца, начало заболевания, рентгенологическое исследование, мазок, внутренние органы, внешний вид пациента, мокрота, причина смерти, перкуссия, определять, современные методы исследования.
Задание 3. Выберите нужное слово или словосочетание для того, чтобы закончить предложение:
Inquiry reveals … (past history, patient’s appearance, family history).
Palpation reveals … (edema, family history, growth).
Counting the pulse reveals … (blood count, pulse rate, respiratory rate).
X-ray examination reveals … (hypertension, bone lesions).
Inspection reveals … (heart sounds, past history, appearance of the patient).
Задание 4. Ответьте на предложенные вопросы согласно модели:
Model: A.: - When do we ask the patient “How old are you?”
B.: - We ask it if we want to find out his age.
1. Who are you? – (name).
2. What are you? – (occupation).
3. When did you fall ill? – (date of the onset of the disease).
4. What are you complaining of? – (patient’s symptoms and complaints).
5. What diseases have you had? – (patient’s past history).
Задание 5. Согласно модели, назовите инструменты, которые используются при осмотре и обследовании больного:
Model: a) Bronchoscope – to inspect the interior of the bronchi.
b) A broncoscope is an instrument used for inspecting the interior of the bronchi.
Gastroscope – to inspect the interior of the stomach.
Phonendoscope – to perform auscultation.
Cystoscope – to examine the bladder.
Otoscope – to inspect the ear.
Thermometer – to take the patient’s temperature.
Opthalmoscope – to visualize the eyeground.
Reflex hammer – to check the patient’s reflexes.
Текст на аудирование
Задание 1. Запомните значения следующих слов и словосочетаний.
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание:
TEXT
Great progress of medical science and technology made it possible to control over the vitally important functions of the human organism using advanced diagnostic apparatuses and instruments.
Computer ultrasound devices make an accurate diagnosis of a great variety of diseases of the heart, blood vessels, lungs, stomach, etc.
Everything happening in the patient’s organs is immediately registered and shown on screens and indicators. By studying the results of these investigations the physician can make a correct diagnosis and plan the necessary treatment. For example, doctors know much about cardiovascular diseases thanks to radiographic examination of the heart and other methods of ultrasound diagnostics.
It must be stressed that each hospital now possesses new ultrasonic apparatuses, which enable physicians to make diagnosis and administer proper treatment.
Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
What diagnostic apparatuses help doctors to control over the functions of the human organism?
Do you know the examples of using ultrasonic devices for diagnostics?
Are there any ultrasonic apparatuses in hospitals and clinics in your town?
Задание 4. Воспроизведите текст на английском языке.
Задание 1. Прослушайте диалог. Воспроизведите его в парах:
Patient: - How do you do, Doctor?
Doctor: - How do you do. Sit down. What is the matter with you?
P.: - You see, I feel a bad pain in the substernal area and I have temperature and bad cough.
D.: - Please, take the temperature. Oh, it is 37.8°C! Now I want to listen to your lungs and heart. Strip to the waist, please.
(Doctor listens to his lungs and heart).
P.: - Tell me, Doctor, is it very serious?
D.: - It will be serious, if you don’t follow my instructions. You have only caught a bad cold. I want you to make blood and urine analyses and X-ray examination.
P.: - All right. I shall.
D.: - I’ll give you a prescription. Take a dose of this drug three times a day. You must follow a bed regimen. Come and see me again in 3-4 days. Good-bye for the present.
P.: - Good-bye, Doctor. Thank you very much.
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Тема 16. Стоматологическая поликлиника
DENTAL CLINIC
Задание 1. Запомните произношение следующих слов. Повторяйте их за диктором:
Задание 2. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором.
1. dental стоматологический, зубной
2. toothache зубная боль
3. welcoming радушный, приятный
4. reception (area, room) регистратура
5.receptionist регистратор, администратор
6. polite вежливый
7. head doctor главный врач
8. nurse медсестра
9. dental technician зубной техник
10. to wear носить (одежду)
11. uniform спецодежда
12. attractive styles and colors привлекательного фасона и
цвета
13. to make an appointment with the doctor записываться на прием к врачу
14. dental team, dental staff команда (штат) стоматологов
15. to make a correct diagnosis поставить правильный диагноз
16. preventive treatment профилактическое лечение
17. restoration восстановление
18. to put a filling пломбировать зуб
19. inlay вкладка, реставрационная
вставка
20. to treat лечить
21. to extract удалять
22. to correct malocclusion исправлять неправильный
прикус
23. to make a crown (a prosthesis) изготовить коронку, протез
24. to remove dental plaque удалять зубной налет
25. calculus зубной камень
26. bleaching of teeth отбеливание зубов
27. oral hygiene гигиена ротовой полости
28. dental material(s) материалы для лечения и
восстановления зубов
29. dental chair зубоврачебное кресло
30. technical laboratory зуботехническая лаборатория
31. X-ray room рентген кабинет
32. to sterilize in autoclave стерилизовать в автоклаве
33. to assist ассистировать
34. “Good health is above wealth.” «Здоровье дороже денег»
35. twice дважды
Задание 3. . Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
DENTAL CLINIC
When I have toothache or dental problems, I go to the dental clinic «Denta-Luxe». It is a modern dental clinic. The atmosphere in it is really warm and welcoming. The walls in the office are light, there are some nice pictures on them. There are some comfortable armchairs and sofa where patients can read magazines and watch TV.
In the reception room you can see a receptionist, who speaks to you in a polite manner and gives you necessary information. Her working place is fully computerized.
Dental staff consists of a head-doctor, dentists, dental nurses, dental technicians and receptionists. All of them wear uniforms of attractive styles and colors.
The working day starts at 8 o'clock in the morning. Patients can make an appointment with the doctor in the reception, or over the telephone.
Every member of dental team does his job very good and professionally. The work of the dentists consists of making correct diagnosis, preventive treatment of dental and oral diseases and treatment leading to full restoration of oral health.
Doctors of this clinic give patients all kinds of treatment: they put fillings or inlays, treat gum diseases; extract bad teeth; correct malocclusion and make crowns and prosthesis. They also remove dental plaque and calculus, carry out bleaching of teeth and give instructions on oral hygiene. In their work they use modern methods of treatment and modern dental materials.
This dental clinic is also modern-equipped. There are five dental chairs in it, technical laboratory and X-ray room.
Dental instruments are prepared and sterilized in an autoclave by dental nurse. She also prepares the working place of every dentist and if it is necessary, assists him.
I remember that «Good health is above wealth» and I do my best to visit this dental clinic twice a year.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:
Задание 2. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:
Dental treatment, dental clinic, dental examination, dental instruments, dental chair, dental equipment, dental nurse, dental health, dental practice, dental disease, dental plaque.
Задание 3. Выберите в правой колонке эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям:
1. head-doctor 1. неправильный прикус
2. toothache 2. регистратор
3. dental chair 3. стерилизовать инструменты
4. to put a filling 4. рентген кабинет
5. malocclusion 5. главврач
6. receptionist 6. стоматологическое кресло
7. to sterilize instruments 7. ставить пломбу
8. X-ray room 8. заболевания зубов
9. dental diseases 9. зубная боль
Задание 4. Поставьте глагол в скобках в нужную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
Задание 5. Составьте общий и специальный вопросы к следующим предложениям. Переведите их на русский язык:
Задание 1. Повторяйте за диктором слова и словосочетания. Запомните их значение:
кармана и наличия кариозных
полостей
зубного камня
каналов
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
DENTAL INSTRUMENTS
In daily practice dentists use a great number of dental instruments for examination and treatment of the patients. The commonly used set of dental instruments is:
dental mirror is used for examination of oral cavity. It reflects the area being worked on and is used to retract lips, cheeks and tongue;
an explorer or dental probe – is used for detection of carious cavities, the depth of gum pockets the presence of tooth deposits;
an excavator – is used for removal of carious dentin during cavity preparation and for removal of calculus deposits;
reamer – is used for enlargement of root canals;
dental bur – is fixed into handpiece of dental engine and is used to prepare the hard tooth tissues;
disks – are used for removal of tissues and for fine polishing;
canal filler – is used to introduce dental materials into the canals;
syringes – are necessary for making injections;
spatula – is used to mix dental materials.
Dental instruments are of different shape and form. Instruments, used in oral surgery are: scalpels, surgical scissors, extraction forceps and elevators.
Задание 3. Расскажите на английском языке, какими инструментами пользуются врачи-стоматологи в своей ежедневной практике.
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Тема 17. У стоматолога
AT THE DENTIST
Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором.
(боль)
реставрация
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.
AT THE DENTIST
When you have a toothache or some mouth disturbance, you go to a dentist.
A patient can make an appointment with the doctor at the reception himself or over the telephone. The reception area at a dental clinic is very nice and the atmosphere of this room is warm and welcoming.
When a patient comes to the dentist for the first time, the doctor asks him some questions about his present complaints, his dental history and his health in general. He must know if the patient suffers from any kind of allergy, heart diseases, diabetes and so on. Then doctor examines his teeth and surrounding tissues, checks his bite. If it is necessary, the doctor directs the patient for X-ray examination, or to other specialist. Then the doctor must decide what type of treatment or restoration is the most suitable for the case.
Dental therapeutist puts fillings, inlays and treats gum diseases. He also corrects malocclusion. If the tooth is too bad, the dental surgeon extracts it. The dental orthopedist makes crowns, bridges and prosthesis.
We know that dental treatment can cause pain and discomfort. That's why local anesthesia is used to reduce these unpleasant sensations.
We must take care of our teeth and undergo regular check-ups twice a year.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:
Задание 2. Выберите в правой колонке эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям:
the doctor
Задание 3. Поставьте глагол в скобках в нужную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
Задание 4. Составьте общий и специальный вопросы к следующим предложениям:
Задание 1. Выучите слова и выражения к диалогам. Повторяйте их за диктором:
пожалуйста.
Задание 2. Прослушайте диалоги. Воспроизведите их в парах.
Dialogue 1
Receptionist: - Dental clinic «Denta-Lux». Good morning.
Patient: - Good morning. My name is Ann Smirnova. I'd like to make an appointment with the dentist.
R.: - Is it for a check-up or a dental work?
P.: - I have a bad toothache, so it is rather urgent.
R.: - Hold on, please.
(after a short pause)
Doctor can see you at 11 a.m. Can you come at this time?
P.: - Certainly. Thank you very much.
R.: - You are welcome.
Dialogue 2
Patient: - Good morning, doctor.
Doctor: - Good morning. Sit here, please. What are your complaints?
P.: - I have a terrible toothache. It kept me awake the whole night.
(The doctor begins to examine the patient)
D.: - Open your mouth a bit wider, please. Does the pain get worse when I tap this tooth?
P.: - Oh, yes. The pain is bad.
D.: - Let's make an X-ray of this tooth.
(Some minutes later, after examining the X-ray film)
I'm afraid you've come too late. Nothing can be done. This tooth must be extracted. So I'll send you to our surgeon. In future I advise you to come for regular check-ups.
P.: - Thank you ever so much, doctor. I really appreciate your advice.
Dialogue 3
Surgeon: - So, what's the trouble?
Patient: - I have to extract this tooth.
S.: - Make yourself comfortable in the chair. Let me have a look. Open your mouth wider. That's it.
P.: - Will it be painful?
S.: - I'll make you an injection of anesthetics and you will not feel anything. Do you have allergy to any anesthetics?
P.: - No, I don't.
(The surgeon extracts the tooth)
S.: - That's done. Spit out, please. There will be some bleeding after extraction. Do not eat for 2 hours.
P.: - Thank you, doctor. Good-bye.
S.: - Good-bye.
СИТУАЦИОННЫЕ ЗАДАЧИ
Задание 1. Представьте, что Вы посещаете стоматолога. Составьте вопросы на английском языке, которые вам могут задать администратор и стоматолог при составлении истории болезни. Используйте данные слова и словосочетания. Вопросы могут быть следующие: What is your name (surname)? How old are you? и т.д.
I. Information about a patient:
name, address, telephone number;
sex, age, place of work, occupation;
present complaints;
habits – the most common questions about habits are the following: tooth cleaning habits; what toothpaste is used; what type of a toothbrush is used; smoking or not smoking.
diet – because it plays an important role in dental caries.
II. Questions about present complaints and general health condition:
to complain of…;
known allergies;
heart diseases, diabetes, hepatitis;
other diseases;
pregnancy;
any difficulty to stop bleeding after tooth extraction.
III. Questions about previous dental treatment:
how regularly does the patient come for check-ups;
the time of putting fillings and other restorations;
any kind of periodontal or other treatment.
Задание 2. Выучите следующие идиомы и фразы, в которых употребляется слово «зубы»:
1. To have a sweet tooth - «Быть сластеной»
2. To talk through one's teeth - «Говорить сквозь зубы»
3. To show one's teeth - «Показывать зубы»
4. To fight tooth and nail - «Сражаться не на жизнь, а на смерть»
5. Teeth chatter - «Зубы стучат»
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
METHODS OF DENTAL EXAMINATION OF THE PATIENT
Задание 1. Слушайте и запоминайте следующие слова и словосочетания:
Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Повторяйте за диктором в паузу:
METHODS OF DENTAL EXAMINATION OF THE PATIENT
Every dentist must know how to do a perfect and professional check-up. He is responsible for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the teeth and mouth.
Obtaining all data of examination doctor makes a diagnosis. For making a proper diagnosis the following procedures are used: patient’s questioning, taking a case-history, patient’s examination and additional investigations. Questioning the patient thoroughly the dentist establishes the family history and present complaints.
Doctor must know how systemic diseases influence the disorders in the mouth. The dentist should pay attention to the patient’s health status, his systemic disorders including cardiac condition. Dental diseases may also contribute to many health problems.
The physical examination of the patient includes: inspection, palpation, percussion and X-ray examination.
Carrying on visual examination the dentist observes the patient’s skin colour. He must palpate the lymphatic nodules in the submaxillary region.
The examination of the oral cavity includes the inspection of the lips and their colour, the tongue and its mobility, the floor of the mouth, the hard palate, the mucous membrane of the cheeks. Dentist must detect the presence of plaque and tartar, especially in hard-to-see areas.
Then doctor proceeds to the examination of the maxillo-dental apparatus for establishing the following:
whether the tooth rows are full or some teeth are absent;
normal occlusion and articulation;
signs of any abnormalities of the teeth and jaws;
mobility of separate teeth;
presence of carious teeth and gum pockets.
If the patient complains of bad breath, bleeding of gums during brushing, the feeling that one of the teeth is longer, doctor must suspect the diseases of the gums.
In most cases dentists use X-ray examination and laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis.
Today dentists use very precise high-tech ultrasound instruments in their practice. Modern methods of dental care and regular professional cleaning help to protect from dental diseases. The risk of pain is reduced to a minimum.
The dentists must instruct their patients that regular preventive examinations, early diagnosis and treatment will save their teeth and fosters overall health.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:
Задание 2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям:
профилактика заболеваний зубов; ставить диагноз; процедура; настоящие жалобы; расстройства ротовой полости; проблемы со здоровьем; пальпация; перкуссия; рентгеновское обследование; визуальное обследование; дно ротовой полости; слизистая оболочка; труднодоступные области; нормальный прикус; кариозные зубы; плохое дыхание (запах изо рта); заболевания десен; лабораторные анализы; современные методы; инструктировать больных; регулярный профилактический осмотр.
Задание 3. Составьте общий и специальный вопросы к следующим предложениям. Переведите их на русский язык:
Задание 4. Поставьте следующие предложения в Present Indefinite Passive. Переведите их на русский язык.
Текст на аудирование
Задание 1. Слушайте и запоминайте следующие слова и словосочетания:
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание:
TEXT
Just because your teeth look great doesn’t mean that they are healthy. For your teeth to be healthy, your gums must be healthy as well. Only a professional is able to detect whether or not your teeth and gums are healthy. You have to see your dentist regularly to remove plaque and tartar.
Advances of modern dentistry offer absolutely precise cooled instruments for comfortable, painless tooth cleaning and treatment. With new methods, there is no need to be a hero in the dental chair.
Beautiful white teeth, great smile now are an important part of modern image not only for «stars», but ordinary people too.
Задание 3. Передайте краткое содержание прослушанного текста на русском языке.
Задание 4. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:
Задание 5. Передайте содержание текста на английском языке.
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Тема 19. Болезни полости рта и их лечение
ORAL DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT
Задание 1. Слушайте и запоминайте следующие слова и словосочетания:
зубной камень
Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Повторяйте за диктором в паузу:
PERIODONTAL DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT
Periodontal diseases are caused by bacterial infections that attack gums, ligaments and the bone structure. Poor oral hygiene, smoking or poor diet, some types of drugs, pregnancy, defective fillings and bridges can increase risk of periodontal diseases. The signs of periodontal diseases are:
easy bleeding from gums;
swollen and red gums;
permanent teeth become loose;
persistent bad breath or bad taste;
gums pull away from the teeth;
any changes in the fit of dentures.
There are several kinds of periodontal diseases. Some of them develop slowly and without any pain, while others progress rapidly. These diseases may occur at any age, but for adults they are the main cause of tooth loss.
Gingivitis is a mild periodontal disease, which develops when toxins in plaque irritate the gums, making them red, tender, swollen and easy to bleed.
Periodontitis is a serious periodontal disease. The gums detach from teeth, and pockets are formed. Exposed teeth roots become susceptible to decay and sensitive to cold and touch. If not treated, the affected teeth become loose in their sockets. They may fall out or require extraction by a dentist.
Treatment methods depend on the type of disease and the patient's condition. The first stage usually involves thorough cleaning. Sometimes dentists place antibiotic fibers into periodontal pockets after scaling and planning tooth roots. To restore periodontal health, dentists use different ultrasound instruments to reach areas requiring removal of tartar, which causes chronic infection. Tooth roots are cleaned and smoothed.
Sometimes bone surgery is required. Gums are returned back to their usual position or are placed into a new position. Grafts of the patient's bone or artificial bone may be used, as well as membranes. To stabilize loose teeth dentists often use splints.
Exercises
Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:
Задание 2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям:
относящийся к периодонту, бактериальная инфекция, десны, костная структура, плохая гигиена полости рта, плохое питание, пломбы и мосты с дефектом, кровотечение, опухший, дурной запах изо рта, дурной привкус, частичные протезы, быстро прогрессировать, в любом возрасте, основная причина, потеря зуба, гингивит, бляшка, раздражать десны, болезненный.
Задание 3. Составьте общий и специальный вопросы к следующим предложениям. Переведите их на русский язык:
Текст на аудирование
Задание 1. Слушайте и запоминайте следующие слова и словосочетания:
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание:
DENTAL CARIES
Dental caries is a widespread disease. Caries is caused by microorganisms and is characterized by demineralization of the mineral part of enamel. When the disease approaches the pulp it may cause inflammation and death of the pulp. The infected pulp causes changes in the periapical tissues.
The objective signs of caries are: hard tooth tissues changes in colour and density, and development of defects. Carious process may progress rapidly or slowly due to the general state of the organism.
Dental caries is treated by tooth preparation, medication and filling. The pathologic changed tissues are removed surgically. Anatomic form and function of the tooth is restored by filling.
The dentists must pay much attention to the fluorine prophylaxis, restriction of sugar intake, a balanced diet, thorough oral hygiene, and cleaning the teeth immediately after meals.
Задание 3. Передайте краткое содержание прослушанного текста на русском языке.
Задание 4. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:
Задание 5. Передайте содержание текста на английском языке.
Задание 1. Слушайте и запоминайте следующие слова и словосочетания:
Задание 2. Прослушайте диалог:
At the Dentist's
Dentist: What's wrong, David?
Patient: I have a toothache. It's a lower tooth on the right.
D.: Is there a cavity?
P.: I don't think so. It is sensitive to heat and cold; besides I can t sleep at night.
D.: Let me have a look at it. There is a filling here, but I am afraid it has got loose. When did the ache appear?
P.: Two weeks ago.
D.: You should have come for a checkup long ago. You'd better have it X-rayed.
(The dentist has the tooth X-rayed and then examines the picture).
D.: I am afraid I'll have to fill the root canal.
P.: Is it possible to restore the tooth?
D.: Yes, I'll clean the root canal and put a temporary filling because the inflammatory process has spread on the surrounding tissues. You'll come to me again tomorrow.
Задание 3. Вставьте пропущенные реплики. Воспроизведите диалог:
a) Dentist: Sit down, please. What's wrong?
Patient:...
D.: Is there a cavity?
P.:...
D.: Let me have a look at it. When did the ache appear?
P.:...
D.: You'd better have it X-rayed.
b) D.: I'm afraid I'll have to fill the root canal.
P.:...
D.: Yes, I'll clean the root canal and put a temporary filling.
c) P.: Good morning, doctor.
D.:...
P.: For some days I have been having a pain in my tongue. I fractured one of my teeth. It causes a terrible pain.
D.:...
Задание 4. Переведите реплики на английский язык. Воспроизведите диалог:
Nick: Проходи, Петр. Рад тебя видеть. С тобой что-то случилось? Ты очень бледен.
Peter: I haven't had an accident, but I have had a dreadful time.
N.: Ты болен?
P.: I have just come from the dental surgery.
N.: У тебя болит зуб?
P.: I woke up in the night with violent toothache. In the morning I rang up the dentist. I saw him in the afternoon and he gave me a temporary filling. But the tooth has been aching. It hurts dreadfully.
N.: He лучше ли его удалить?
P.: Yes, perhaps, but the dentist says that it is the last alternative in the treatment.
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
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Предисловие………………………………………………….…………….... |
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Тема 1. Студент-медик о себе……………………………………………... |
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Тема2. Медицинская академия…………………………………………… |
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Тема 3. Медицинское образование в России……………………………. |
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Тема4. Путешествие ……………………………………………………….. |
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Тема 5. Еда…………………………………………….…………………….. |
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Тема 6. Великобритания…………………………………………………… |
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Тема 7. Магазин. Покупки………………………………………………… |
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Тема 8. Гостиница………………………………………………….………. |
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Тема 9. Средства связи…………………………………………….………. |
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Тема 10. Дом. Квартира…………………………………………….……… |
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Тема 11. Город………………………………………………………………. |
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Тема 12. Медицинское обслуживание в России………………………… |
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Тема 13. Больница………………………………………………………….. |
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Тема 14. Признаки и симптомы болезни………………………………... |
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Тема 15.Клинические методы обследования больного………………... |
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Тема 16. «Стоматологическая поликлиника»………………………….. |
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Тема 17. У стоматолога……………………………….……………………. |
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Тема 18. Методы обследования в зубоврачебной практике…….…….. |
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Тема 19. Болезни полости рта и их лечение…………………………….. |
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Библиография……………………………………………………………….. |
ПРАКТИКУМ
ПО УСТНОЙ РЕЧИ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ-МЕДИКОВ
Составители:
Знаменская Стояна Васильевна
Бирюкова Татьяна Ивановна
Анисимова Наталия Александровна
Чернобривая Татьяна Геннадьевна
Паршинцева Наталия Николаевна
Финенко Татьяна Николаевна
Науменко Валентина Анатольевна
Агафонова Елена Сергеевна
ЛР № 020326 от 20 января 1997 г.
Сдано в набор . Подписано в печать . Формат 6084 1/16.
Бумага типогр. №1. Печать офсетная. Усл. печ. л.. Заказ . Тираж 100.
Ставропольская государственная медицинская академия,
355017, г. Ставрополь, ул. Мира, 310.