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Английский язык 2012-13 уч. год_ЗАДАНИЯ К ТЕКСТАМ ТИПОВЫЕ
Тема 1. Составление вопросов
Дополните вопрос: Was … a first-year student 5 years ago?{
~we
=she
~they
~it }
Дополните вопрос: Where … our grandmother live?{
~is
~do
=does
~-}
Дополните вопрос: Who … English in your family?{
~study
=studies
~does study
~do study }
Дополните вопрос: Is … in good health?{
~I
~my friends
~her parents
=his grandfather }
Дополните вопрос: Where … you 20 minutes ago?{
~was
~are
=were
~did }
Дополните вопрос: … Victor the only child in the family?{
~Does
=Is
~Do
~Are }
Дополните вопрос: My daughter was a housewife 3 years ago, …{
=wasn’t she?
~didn’t she?
~wasn’t he?
~was she? }
Дополните вопрос: What Institute … she submit an application for admission last year?{
~does
~is
=did
~do}
Дополните вопрос: Peter is in the third form, …?{
~is he
~does he
~doesn’t he
=isn’t he }
Дополните вопрос: … you an office worker or a soldier?{
~Do
~Does
=Are
~-}
Дополните вопрос: At the age of seven she didn’t begin to attend school, …?{
~didn’t she
=did she
~was she
~doesn’t she}
Дополните вопрос: When did you … short-time courses training book-keepers?{
~took
~taken
~takes
=take}
Дополните вопрос: Who … in this room ten minutes ago?{
~is
~were
=was
~did}
Дополните вопрос: Does … dream of becoming a book-keeper?{
~I
~you
=he
~we}
Дополните вопрос: Last year he became a first-year student of this Institute, …?{
=didn’t he
~doesn’t he
~did he
~wasn’t he}
Дополните вопрос: … they on friendly terms with their cousins last summer?{
~Was
=Were
~Did
~Do }
Дополните вопрос: … your sister work?{
=Does
~Do
~Did
~Is}
Дополните вопрос: … his brother study at school or at the Institute?{
~Do
~Is
=Does
~-}
Дополните вопрос: My nephew doesn’t take a post-graduate course, …?{
=does he
~doesn’t he
~does she
~don’t he}
Дополните вопрос: My sister isn’t two years my junior, …?{
~doesn’t she
~does she
~isn’t she
=is she}
Дополните вопрос: What ... happened?{
=has
~did
~were
~was}
Дополните вопрос:..... they going to visit grandmother today?{
=Are
~Who
~Do
~Have}
Дополните вопрос: Could you tell me ....?{
=what the time is
~what is the time
~what time}
Дополните вопрос: Do you know … ?{
=where the Barkley’s Bank is
~where is Barkley’s Bank
~where Barkley’s Bank}
Дополните вопрос: Do you know ... at the next session?{
~who is the speaker
=who the speaker is
~the speaker}
Дополните вопрос:..... does it cost?{
=How much
~What
~Who}
Дополните вопрос:..... is the Vice President’s name?{
=What
~Where
~Who}
Дополните вопрос: … do you take a holiday? – Once a year{
=How often
~Where
~Why}
Дополните вопрос:.... first stepped on the moon?{
=Who
~What
~When}
Дополните вопрос:.... bag are you carrying? – Judy’s{
=Whose
~Who
~What}
Тема 2. Модальные глаголы
Вставьте пропущенный модальный глагол: One of the advantages of the credit card system is that you … carry cash{
~cannot
=don’t have to
~shouldn’t}
Вставьте пропущенный модальный глагол: When the prime rate is small, you … borrow money from the bank on the easiest terms{
~must
=may
~ought to}
Вставьте пропущенный модальный глагол: The credit card system is rather new for this country. Some twenty years ago you … have any credit card{
~can not
~may not
=could not}
Вставьте пропущенный модальный глагол: When he was young, he … run a mile in less than five minutes{
~can
~may
=was able to}
Вставьте пропущенный модальный глагол: We … meet him at the station at six o’clock, but he didn’t come{
~had to
~could
=were to}
Вставьте пропущенный модальный глагол: You … get a Higher Education Diploma if you don’t undertake a project{
~can
=can’t
~may}
Вставьте пропущенный модальный глагол: You failed your test in English. You … have studied better{
=should
~must
~were to}
Вставьте пропущенный модальный глагол: You … go to the library. I have many books at home, so you’re welcome{
~must not
=need not
~cannot}
Вставьте пропущенный модальный глагол: According to the law, everybody … pay taxes{
=has to
~must
~should}
Дополните предложение. You … wear shoes if you enter a mosque{
=are not allowed to…
~don’t have to
~should not}
Дополните предложение. You … drive carefully on a busy road{
=should
~shouldn’t
~may}
Дополните предложение. You … change your money before you go to America, because there are a lot of 24 hour banks there{
~should
~have to
=don’t have to}
Вставьте пропущенный модальный глагол. You …. put your money into deposit account or keep it at home{
=can
~must
~ought to}
Вставьте пропущенный модальный глагол. You …. pay interest for using the credit card{
~may
~ought
=are to}
Вставьте пропущенный модальный глагол. This bank is far from here. You…take a bus{
~must
~are to
=should}
Вставьте пропущенный модальный глагол. …. I help you?{
=Can
~Must
~Ought}
Вставьте пропущенный модальный глагол. Before you set up your own business, you …. accumulate working experience and business contacts{
~have to
~may
=should
Тема 3. Местоимения some, any, no и их производные
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением:He never puts … sugar in his coffee{
=any
~no
~some}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением:These flowers are dying. There has been … rain for several days{
~any
=no
~some}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением:Give me … sugar, please, there is none in my tea{
~any
~no
=some}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением:Have you read … articles about financial resources of our country?{
=any
~no
~some}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением:Are there … illustrations in that book?{
=any
~no
~some}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением:Have you got … money on your account?{
=any
~no
~some}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением:For breakfast Ann has a cup of tea and … sandwiches{
~any
~no
=some}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением:I haven’t a credit card with me, so I cannot buy …{
~nothing
=anything
~something}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением:If … calls while I am out, ask him to wait{
=anybody
~everyone
~something}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением:I cannot find the newspaper …{
~somewhere
=anywhere
~nowhere}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением:They are so lazy. … wants to wash dishes{
=Nobody
~Everybody
~Somebody}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением:There is … at the door. May be it is a postman?{
~nobody
~anybody
=somebody}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением:The institute is still the same. … has changed{
=Nothing
~Everything
~Anything}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением: He took … money and went to the cinema{
~any
~no
=some}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением: Don’t take … books from here, please{
=any
~no
~some}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением: In the evening I often go … with my friends{
~anywhere
~nowhere
=somewhere}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением: I cannot speak … foreign languages{
=any
~no
~some}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением: If … wants to set up a corporation, he should apply for a corporate charter{
~everybody
=anybody
~any}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением: Give me the newspaper, please. I’ve got … time to read{
~no
~any
=some}
Заполните пропуск подходящим местоимением: If you have a credit card, you don’t have to carry … cash{
=any
~no
~some}
Выберите единственно правильный вариант перевода: Please take any magazine you like{
=Возьми любой понравившийся тебе журнал
~Возьми все понравившиеся тебе журналы
~Возьми несколько понравившихся тебе журналов}
Выберите единственно правильный вариант перевода: Bring me some water, please{
=Принеси мне воды, пожалуйста
~Принеси мне побольше воды, пожалуйста
~Принеси мне чего-нибудь попить, пожалуйста}
Выберите единственно правильный вариант перевода: Has anybody got any questions?{
=У кого-нибудь есть какие-нибудь вопросы?
~У всех есть вопросы?
~Ни у кого нет вопросов?}
Выберите единственно правильный вариант перевода: Did anybody come here, when I was at the institute?{
=Кто-нибудь приходил сюда, когда я был в институте?
~Никто не приходил, пока я был в институте?
~Все приходили, когда я был в институте?}
Выберите единственно правильный вариант перевода: Have you spoken with anyone about anything?{
~Вы со всеми о чем-нибудь говорили?
~Вы ни с кем не говорили о чем-либо?
=Вы говорили с кем-нибудь о чем-либо?}
Выберите единственно правильный вариант перевода: None of us is going there today{
~Кто-то из нас сегодня туда пойдет
=Никто из нас не пойдет туда сегодня
~Никто туда сегодня не идет}
Выберите единственно правильный вариант перевода: Nobody was at home, when I returned{
=Никого не было дома, когда я вернулся
~Все были дома, когда я вернулся
~Кто-то был дома, когда я вернулся}
Выберите единственно правильный вариант перевода: Somebody forgot to do the bed{
~Все забыли заправить постель
~Никто не забыл заправить постель
=Кто-то забыл заправить постель}
Выберите единственно правильный вариант перевода: Don’t tell anybody anything{
~Никому не говори этого
=Никому ничего не говори
~Никто ничего не говорит}
Выберите единственно правильный вариант перевода: Nobody knows their address{
=Никто не знает их адреса
~Любой знает их адрес
~Невозможно узнать их адрес}
Выберите единственно правильный вариант перевода: No one wants to prepare home assignment{
=Никто не хочет готовить домашнее задание
~Никого не заставишь готовить домашнее задание
~Все всегда готовят домашнее задание}
Выберите единственно правильный вариант перевода: Where is my checkbook? I’ve left it somewhere{
=Где моя чековая книжка? Я где-то ее оставил
~Где моя чековая книжка? Я всегда где-нибудь ее оставляю
~Где моя чековая книжка? Я нигде ее не оставлял}
Выберите единственно правильный вариант перевода: We didn’t meet anybody in the refectory{
~Мы встретили кого-то в столовой
=Мы никого не встретили в столовой
~Мы встретили всех в столовой}
Тема 4. Степени сравнения прилагательных
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: The prices for travelling tickets in winter are getting …{
~low
=lower
~the lowest}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: One of … advantages of credit cards is that you don’t have to carry cash, even a checkbook{
~big
~bigger
=the biggest}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: New computers can store more information and …{
~fast
=faster
~the fastest}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: Prices have gone up. Things are not as … as they used to be{
=cheap
~cheaper
~the cheapest}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: Investments to the building companies are three and a half times … than during the previous years{
~great
=greater
~the greatest}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: In the USA it’s … to keep the money in the banks, than in Russia{
~profitable
=more profitable
~the most profitable}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: The old method was … effective than the new one{
~little
=less
~the least}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: African oil is much … than Middle Eastern oil{
~light
=lighter
~the lightest}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: Everybody is interested in … possible economic development{
~good
~better
=the best}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: Чем быстрее мы закончим нашу работу, тем скорее мы пойдем домой{
~As soon as we finish our work, we’ll go home
=The quicker we finish our work, the sooner we’ll go home
~If we finish our work earlier, we’ll go home}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: На следующий урок вы должны выучить как можно больше слов{
=For the next lesson you must learn as many words as possible
~For the next lesson you must learn many English words
~For the next lesson you must learn many English words if possible}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: Бензин стал в 2 раза дороже, чем он был в прошлом году{
~Petrol is twice more expensive than it was last year
~Petrol is not so expensive as it was last year
=Petrol is twice as expensive as it was last year}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: В этой стране самый высокий уровень занятости{
=This country has the highest possible level of employment
~This country has higher level of employment
~The employment in this country is very high}
Выберите правильный вариант перевода: Фильм не такой интересный, как книга{
~The film is more interesting than the book
~The book is less interesting than the film
=The film is not as interesting as the book}
Тема 5. Настоящее время
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: The Board of Directors … once a month to discuss current affairs{
~is meeting
=meets
~has been meeting}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: The company … in oil for many years{
=has been trading
~trades
~is trading}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: The Vice President … an important position within the corporation{
=occupies
~is occupying
~has been occupying}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: We … our share of the world’s cosmetics markets at the moment{
~increase
=are increasing
~have been increasing}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: Economically, the country … steadily these past ten years{
~improves
~is improving
=has been improving}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: Every Christmas a company … its customers gifts{
=gives
~is giving
~has been giving}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: Many governments … expenditure on defense at present{
=reduce
~are reducing
~have been reducing}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: Our company regularly … 20% of its turnover in research and development{
=invests
~is investing
~has been investing}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: Capitalism … the free exchange of goods and services in the world market{
=is based upon
~is being based upon
~are based upon}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: How long … for the manager?{
~are you waiting
~do you wait
=have you been waiting}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: Companies … annual reports to inform the public about the previous years activities{
=publish
~are publishing
~have been publishing}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: Internal promotions … usually on the notice board{
=are posted
~are being posted
~is posted}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: During the last few years the plant … hard to increase its industrial output{
~works
=has been working
~is working}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа:
- What are you doing here?
- I … some cheques{
=am cashing
~cash
~cashes}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: The company presently … new ways of expanding its market{
~looks for
=is looking for
~has been looking for}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: There … huge price reductions in many shops during the summer sales{
~is
=are
~have been}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа, чтобы дополнить предложение: As a rule, government … certain deductions of taxes to stimulate business activity{
=introduces
~is introducing
~has been introducing}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: The Director currently … talks in the USA{
~has been having
~has
=is having}
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. Mike’s plane … at night{
~has been arriving
~is arriving
=arrives}
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. The local office of this international company … at 9 o’clock{
=opens
~is opening
~have opened}
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. We … English for 2 years{
~are learning
=have been learning
~learn}
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. It often … in autumn{
=rains
~is raining
~has been raining}
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. He … home at 9 every day{
~is leaving
~has left
=leaves}
Тема 6. Прошедшее время
Выберите правильный вариант: When … these documents?{
~you signed
~have you signed
=did you sign}
Выберите правильный вариант: Since 1990 both taxes and inflation …{
=have increased
~increased
~has increased}
Выберите правильный вариант: The company … of business when he became the Managing Director{
=went out
~has gone out
~have gone out}
Выберите правильный вариант: “ … Robert at his job place lately? ”{
~Did you see
=Have you seen
~You have seen}
Выберите правильный вариант: Last year the prime rate of the Federal Reserve Bank … 5%{
~were
=was
~has been}
Выберите правильный вариант: George never … on business trips{
~went
~have gone
=has gone}
Выберите правильный вариант: Yesterday the company … its first fall in profits{
=announced
~has announced
~have announced}
Выберите правильный вариант: Unemployment … recently the 2 million mark {
~have reached
~reached
=has reached }
Выберите правильный вариант: I … ever … anyone work so hard in my whole life {
~didn’t … see
=haven’t … seen
~hasn’t … seen }
Выберите правильный вариант: When he … his job he ran into debt {
~have lost
=lost
~has lost }
Выберите правильный вариант: In 2000 Brazilian companies … a lot of money into developing advanced technologies {
=put
~have put
~has put }
Выберите правильный вариант: When Mr.Smith was 30 he finally moved to Paris and … his own business {
=set up
~has set up
~have set up }
Выберите правильный вариант: Two months ago the bank … the house at $100 000 {
=valued
~have valued
~has valued }
Выберите правильный вариант: I … just that we won the export award {
=have heard
~heard
~has heard }
Выберите правильный вариант: I … already a lot about management at the courses {
~learnt
~has learnt
=have learnt }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. While we ... it, our main competitor dropped their prices {
=were promoting
~had promoted
~promoted }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. By Christmas I ... it was time to change my job {
=had decided
~decided
~have been deciding }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. The computer crashed when I ... the new software {
=was loading up
~had loaded up
~loaded up }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. After she ... a few notes, she started writing the introduction to the Annual Report {
=had made
~made
~have made }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. Before Thomas became personal assistant he ... already for the company for 2 years {
=had worked
~worked
~have worked }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. I ... on the project for 2 months before they decided to cancel it {
=had been working
~worked
~have worked }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. I ... about changing my job for some time before I finally decided {
=had been thinking
~have been thinking
~thought }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. George ... on business trip {
~have never been going
~never went
=has gone}
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. I can’t get Tessa on the phone. ... all afternoon {
~I try
~I tried
=I’ve been trying }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. There is a new road to the motorway. ... it yesterday {
~They’d opened
=They opened
~They’ve opened }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. The bank told me last week there was no money in my credit card. ... it all {
~I had spent
=I spent
~I was spending }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. I wanted to buy some jewellery, but I ... my credit card {
=had left
~left
~have left }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. I felt terribly nervous. I ... about it all week {
=had been worrying
~have been worrying
~worried }
Тема 7. Действия в будущем времени
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме: On Monday morning he … to Berlin. Everything is arranged for his trip {
~will fly
=is flying
~is going to fly }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме: The plane … at 18.05 {
=leaves
~is leaving
~will leave }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме: When he arrives, he … in Plaza Hotel {
~is staying
~will stay
=stays }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме: I hope the economy of that country … soon {
~recovers
~is recovering
=will recover }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме: He … money in some profitable business. But he still doesn’t know what business to choose {
=is going to invest
~will invest
~invests }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме: The annual meeting of shareholders … next week {
~will hold
~going to be held
=is being held }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме: He … new job. That’s why he buys so many newspapers {
=is going to find
~finds
~will find }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме: I hope the credit system … in our country soon {
=will be introduced
~is introduced
~is introducing }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме: The bank … a new branch next week. Everything has been arranged for that {
~opens
~will open
=is opening }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме: The local office of this international company … at 9 o’clock {
=opens
~will open
~is opening }
??????? Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме: They … a joint venture, but the details haven’t been discussed yet {
are setting up
will set up
are going to set up }
Вставьте глагол в соответствующей форме. The Board of Directors … tomorrow {
=is meeting
will meet
meets }
Выберите правильный вариант ответа. Sam’s plane … at midnight {
~will arrive
~is going to arrive
=arrives
~would arrive }
Дополните вопрос. What time … for Bristol? {
~will the next bus leave
=does the next bus leave
~is the next bus going to leave}
Выберите правильный вариант ответа. Jack … 14 next year{
=will be
~is going to be
~is
~is to be
Выберите правильный вариант ответа. The plane… on Monday{
~will be flying off
~is flying off
=flies off
~will fly off}
Тема 9. Страдательный залог «Passive Voice»
Заполните пропуск соответствующей формой пассивного залога: Jobs … where society needs them{
~have been created
~were created
=are created
~had been created}
Заполните пропуск соответствующей формой пассивного залога: Certificates of ownership of bonds … from seller to buyer without any formalities{
~was being transferred
~is transferred
=can be transferred
~has been transferred}
Заполните пропуск соответствующей формой пассивного залога: In a few days possibilities … for increasing the number of jobs{
~are studied
~are being studied
~have been studied
=will be studied}
Заполните пропуск соответствующей формой пассивного залога: Two hours later we … by other students of the group{
~have been joined
~will be joined
=were joined}
Заполните пропуск соответствующей формой пассивного залога: When … by your teacher last?{
~will you be asked
=were you asked
~are you being asked
~are you asked}
Заполните пропуск соответствующей формой пассивного залога: … the last art exhibition … by many people?{
~Is … attended
~Will … be attended
=Was … attended}
Заполните пропуск соответствующей формой пассивного залога: The work … by us tomorrow{
=will be finished
~is finished
~has been finished
~is being finished}
Выберите точный вариант перевода предложения: Ann is often asked questions{
~Аня часто задает вопросы
~Аня часто задавала вопросы
=Ане часто задают вопросы
~Ане часто задавали вопросы}
Выберите точный вариант перевода предложения: A liar is believed by nobody{
~Лжец сам никому не верит
=Лжецу никто не верит
~Всякий верит лжецу
~Лжецу никто не поверит}
Выберите точный вариант перевода предложения: He was forgiven his absence{
=Ему простили его отсутствие
~Он простил ему его отсутствие
~Он попросил прощения за свое отсутствие
~Ему не простили его отсутствие}
Выберите точный вариант перевода предложения: Your mistakes must be paid attention to{
=Ты должен обратить внимание на свои ошибки
~Надо обратить внимание на твои ошибки
~Обрати внимание на свои ошибки}
Выберите точный вариант перевода предложения: Weak students must be helped{
~Отстающие студенты нуждаются в помощи
~Помогите отстающим студентам
~Помощь надо было оказать отстающим студентам
=Отстающим студентам надо помогать}
Выберите точный вариант перевода предложения: The conference was proceeded by comprehensive preparation work {
~Ведется всесторонняя подготовительная работа к конференции
=Конференции предшествовала всесторонняя подготовительная работа
~Конференция предшествовала всесторонней подготовительной работе
~За всесторонней подготовительной работой последовала конференция }
Выберите точный вариант перевода предложения: This financial aid was asked for by the Government {
=Правительство попросило о финансовой помощи
~Правительство попросили о финансовой помощи
~Финансовая помощь была оказана правительством
~Правительству оказали финансовую помощь}
Выберите точный вариант перевода предложения: His lectures are always listened to very attentively{
~Он всегда слушает лекции очень внимательно
~Его лекции всегда нужно слушать очень внимательно
~Нужно было внимательно слушать его лекции
=Его лекции всегда слушают очень внимательно}
Выберите точный вариант перевода предложения: Measures should be taken to ensure high reliability of equipment{
~В целях обеспечения высокой надежности оборудования были предприняты (определенные) меры
=Для обеспечения высокой надежности оборудования, необходимо предпринять (определенные) меры
~Высокая надежность оборудования обеспечивалась благодаря принятию (определенных) мер
~При условии принятия (определенных) мер будет обеспечена высокая надежность оборудования}
Заполните пропуск соответствующей формой пассивного залога. General subjects … traditionally …. by the first and the second year students {
=are … studied
~is … studied
~were… studied}
Заполните пропуск соответствующей формой пассивного залога. Our yesterday’s meeting …. by the dean{
=was attended
~has been attended
~is attended}
Заполните пропуск соответствующей формой пассивного залога. The new ads campaign … last year{
~has been launched
=was launched
~is launched}
Выберите точный вариант перевода предложения. Clients of the bank are sent monthly statement{
~Клиенты банка отравляют ежемесячный отчет
~Банк отравляет клиентам ежемесячный отчет
=Клиентам банка отправляется ежемесячный отчет}
Тема 15.Татарстан
Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово: The republic is … in the Middle Volga region{
=situated
~established
~founded}
Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово: This country … a lot of oil{
=extracts
~expands
~exists}
Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово: For cattle breeding we need to grow …{
=grain crops
~fodder crops
~spring wheat}
Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово: This motor-car works … heavy excavators{
=manufactures
~works out
~extracts}
Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово: … sales we rank second in the industry{
=In terms of
~In spite of
~In the middle of}
Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово: Last year earnings were 6% less than this year. So we say that they rose … 6%{
~from
~to
=by}
Вставьте подходящий предлог:The territory of the republic is divided … several economic regions{
~in
=into
~for}
Вставьте подходящий предлог: The local plant which later developed … a production association is among the largest in Tatarstan{
=into
~for
~in}
Вставьте подходящий предлог: Our republic is very rich … oil which made it well-known in the world as a major oil-producing republic{
~of
~at
=in}
Вставьте подходящий предлог: More than 15% of economically active population are engaged … the agricultural sector{
=in
~at
~on}
Вставьте подходящий предлог: 4.5 mln. hectars of land are cultivated which is equal … 67% of the Republic’s territory{
=to
~for
~-}
Вставьте подходящий предлог: … the end of the year the company’s profits rose by10%{
~In
=At
~-}
Вставьте подходящий предлог: Inflation began to level… in the third quarter of the year{
~-
=off
~of}
Дополните предложение. It is a big city with population of 110000 people. The population is mostly ... in industry{
~situated
=engaged
~unemployed}
Дополните предложение. The bank ... its interest rate. This made borrowing easier for individuals{
=reduced
~declined
~increased}
Дополните предложение. Inflation levelled off for a 6 month period and then there was a price rise ... 10%{
~on
=of
~by}
Из данных вариантов подберите синоним к словам: Average earnings grew steadily during this period{
~rose slightly
=increased constantly
~remained constant}
Из данных вариантов подберите синоним к выделенному слову: Sales rose sharply last month{
~gradually
=dramatically
~slightly}
Из данных вариантов подберите синоним к выделенному слову: “Kamaz” is a large capacity lorry{
~track
=truck
~cast}
Из данных вариантов подберите синоним к выделенной фразе. Tatarstan is known as a major oil-producing republic{
~manufacturing
~cultivating
=extracting}
Из данных вариантов подберите синоним к выделенному слову: The country has an overall area of 322 km2 {
~whole
~major
=total}
Тема 17. Кредиты
Вставьте соответствующий предлог: To penetrate … system{
~on
~under
=into}
Вставьте соответствующий предлог: Agreed upon … advance{
~on
=in
~at}
Вставьте соответствующий предлог: to be purchased … credit{
~in
=on
~at}
Вставьте соответствующий предлог: A report … expenses{
~at
=on
~in}
Вставьте соответствующий предлог: Payment … installments{
~on
~with
=in}
Вставьте соответствующий предлог: Depending … your solvency{
=on
~in
~from}
Выберите правильный перевод слова: Expenses{
~доходы
=расходы
~покупки}
Выберите правильный перевод выражения: To allow credit{
=предоставлять кредит
~получать кредит
~покупать в кредит}
Выберите правильный перевод выражения: Credit card holders{
=владельцы кредитных карт
~кредитная система
~покупатели кредитных карт}
Выберите правильный перевод выражения: Purchases{
=покупки
~доходы
~расходы}
Выберите правильный перевод выражения: Lump sum{
~большая часть суммы
~частями
=вся сумма сразу}
Выберите правильный перевод выражения: Credit rate{
~условия кредита
=кредитная ставка
~обязательства по кредиту}
Выберите правильный перевод выражения: To issue smb. a credit card{
=выдавать кому-либо кредитную карточку
~предоставлять кому-либо кредит
~оплачивать по кредитной карточке}
Подберите синоним к слову: To exhaust{
=to use up
~to spend
~to pay for}
Подберите синоним к слову: To purchase{
=to buy
~to sell
~to render}
Подберите синоним к слову: To render{
=to provide
~to indicate
~to accept}
Вставьте соответствующий предлог: due … such system
for
to
–
Вставьте соответствующий предлог: … the basis of information
on
from
at
Подберите синоним к слову: a store
a shop
a café
a filling station
Подберите синоним к слову: latent
open
closed
hidden
Подберите синоним к слову: a core
a bottom
a central part
a top
Тема 18. Деньги, банки
Дополните предложение. If you get more money than you have invested, it means that you …{
~are after profit
=make a profit
~keep money in circulation}
Дополните предложение: When the Federal Reserve Bank announces a change in the prime rate level businessmen have to …{
~regulate financial well-being of the country
~invest chiefly in real estate
=reassess profitability of their business operations}
Дополните предложение. When a bank “buys” money, it …{
=borrows money from other banks
~lends money out to population
~attracts buyers}
Дополните предложение. Any bank seeks to “sell” money …{
~cheaply
~chiefly
=dearly}
Дополните предложение. Every bank is obliged to …{
~shift money of various costs from sphere to sphere of economy
=take out insurance
~cater to individual population centres}
Дополните предложение. Prime rate is looked upon as a … of the country’s financial system{
~so called annual rate
=vital component
~ramified network}
Верно ли данное утверждение: Real estate trade is a quick-paying business{
~верно
=неверно}
Подберите синоним к слову: To reduce{
~increase
~assess
=cut}
Подберите синоним к слову: To promote{
=stimulate
~compensate
~regulate}
Подберите синоним к слову: To make up for{
~stimulate
~circulate
=compensate}
Подберите перевод к слову: In the final analysis{
~в финале
=в конечном счете
~при завершающем анализе}
Дополните предложение. The main purpose of a bank is to lend money out …{
~at a certain interest rate
=at a reduced lending rate
~on the easiest terms for the borrowers}
Дополните предложение. Banks that usually borrow money from the Central bank at a prime rate are {
~local banks
=leading banks
~lending banks}
Тема 20. Предпринимательство
Дополните предложениe: When the owner of a one-person firm fails, it means that he …{
~is fired
~gets into business
=goes out of business}
Дополните предложениe: For anyone who has some trade it is easier to … entrepreneur{
=turn into
~turn down
~set up}
Дополните предложениe: When the government lowers taxes it …{
~respects flourishing business
~runs some promising business
=encourages business}
Дополните предложениe: He earns very little. So he can hardly …{
~afford to work
~work by himself
=make both ends meet}
Дополните предложениe: Jake wants to have a business of his own. He is going …{
~to have some trade
~to work for someone else
=to set up a firm}
Подберите наиболее точное соответствие данному выражению: Knowledge and skills which you acquire during all your life{
=experience
~education
~school background}
Вставьте подходящие предлоги: An entrepreneur takes … responsibility … other people{
~for … on
=on … for
~on … to}
Дополните предложение: They offered her the job, but she … an opportunity{
=turned down
~set up
~turned into}
Дополните предложение: The economy is booming and small businesses …{
=are flourishing
~are going broke
~are making both ends meet}
Дополните предложение: A 10p rise in cigarette prices is not enough …{ smokers to stop
=to encourage
~to borrow
~to expand}
Тема 23. Высшее образование в Великобритании
Дополните предложение подходящим словом или выражением:Overseas students … on-campus accommodation{
=are provided with
~are provided for
~is guaranteed}
Дополните предложение подходящим словом или выражением:Usually four students … a flat in the hostel{
~live
~accommodate
=share}
Дополните предложение подходящим словом или выражением:Part-time students … for one day a week{
~released from work
=are released from work
~get partial support}
Дополните предложение подходящим словом или выражением:In their final year undergraduates are obliged to undertake …{
=pre-employment experience
~non-credit program
~post-graduate course}
Дополните предложение подходящим словом или выражением:An American Style credit … system will be soon introduced at our institute{
~accommodation
=accumulation
~application}
Дополните предложение подходящим словом или выражением:Working hard throughout the course of studies students … knowledge and prepare themselves for their final exam{
~assess
~apply
=accumulate}
Дополните предложение подходящим словом или выражением:Continuous assessment of knowledge … students to work hard not only for their written exams{
=encourages
~requires
~supports}
Заполните пропуск соответствующим предлогом:Full-time students in the UK get a grant and apply … some loan{
=for
~from
~to}
Заполните пропуск соответствующим предлогом:Passes … 5 subjects in GCE are enough to get you to this University{
~for
=in
~on}
Заполните пропуск соответствующим предлогом:What are the requirements for admission … this institute?{
~for
~in
=to}
Заполните пропуск соответствующим предлогом:Studies … correspondence usually take longer{
~for
=by
~to}
Заполните пропуск соответствующим предлогом:What does the amount of grant depend … ?{
~for
~from
=on}
Верно ли данное высказывание: Only first-year students are provided with on-campus accommodation in the UK{
=да
~нет}
Верно ли данное высказывание: Each flat in a hostel may accommodate only one student in the UK{
~да
=нет}
Верно ли данное высказывание: In the final year all students with unsatisfactory marks have to undertake pre-employment experience{
~да
=нет}
Верно ли данное высказывание: A student who completed the 3d course of the university in the UK is called a Bachelor{
=да
~нет}
Верно ли данное высказывание: The head of HEI in the UK is Rector{
~да
=нет}
Тема 26. Безработица
Дополните предложение. A person becomes unemployed when he …{
=is laid off
~retires
~looks for a job}
Дополните предложение: Their services are free. It means that …{
=they charge nothing for their services
~they don’t have to pay for their services
~they don’t require an advance payment}
Дополните предложение. When you start your business you need to have your own clientele and establish …{
~temporary enterprise
~an operating firm
=business connections}
Дополните предложение. “A decline in business activity” means …{
~unemployment
=recession
~expansion of production}
Подберите наиболее точное соответствие выделенному слову (из предлагаемых вариантов). Some employment agencies require a deposit, and you have to pay up THE REMAINDER after you get the job{
~the advance payment
~the deposit
=the rest}
Подберите наиболее точное соответствие выделенному слову (из предлагаемых вариантов). If you try to get a job via private employment agencies you have to pay them A FEE{
~a deposit
=a charge
~in advance}
Подберите наиболее точное соответствие выделенному слову (из предлагаемых вариантов). You may ACQUIRE experience in doing business while working for somebody else{
=accumulate
~earn
~require}
Подберите наиболее точное соответствие выделенному слову (из предлагаемых вариантов). If a person is at the RETIREMENT AGE it means that …{
~he works somewhere
~he has a vacation
=he doesn’t work because of the age}
Подберите наиболее точное соответствие выделенному слову (из предлагаемых вариантов). JOB-PLACEMENT - this is what employment agencies are busy doing{
~job-hunting
=getting you a job
~looking for a job}
Подберите наиболее точное соответствие ВЫДЕЛЕННОЙ фразе (из предлагаемых вариантов).If employees ARE LAID OFF «WHOLESALE» it means that …{
~they are fired in few number
=they are fired in great number
~they are not fired}
Дополните предложение. Zoe does a bit of freelance photography as a .{
=sideline
~business connection
~vacation}
Дополните предложение. Few businesses ... in the present economic climate{
=prosper
~require
~crave}
Дополните предложение. The shoe factory is the largest ....in this area{
=employer
~employee
~employment}
Подберите наиболее точное соответствие выделенному выражению. She PUTS AT LEAST $30 A WEEK ASIDE for goods{
~she has to pay out $30
~she charges $30 for goods
=she saves up $30}
Подберите наиболее точное соответствие выделенному выражению. The car owners GIRD THEMSELVES FOR rise of petrol-price{
=prepare for
~are laid off
~look for a job}
Тема 27. Реклама
Вставьте пропущенный предлог. Funds are spent … manufacture of goods and this accelerates economic growth{
=on
of
to}
Вставьте пропущенный предлог. … time … time you receive invitations to visit exhibitions{
~Between… and
=From … to
~Either … or}
Вставьте пропущенный предлог. They suggest you to have a look … their new model{
=at
~for
~through}
Вставьте пропущенный предлог. Commercials are very expensive and not all companies can afford … them{
~for
=----
~of}
Вставьте пропущенный предлог. Sometimes producers pay … ad{
~to
----
=for}
Подберите синоним к выделенному слову. Another way of advertising is distribution of GIFTS{
=presents
~purchases
~ads}
Подберите синоним к выделенному слову. This does not mean that the goods sold at a discount are of INFERIOR quality{
~best
~good
=worse}
Подберите синоним к выделенному слову. You got a call from a company with a SUGGESTION that you have a look at their new model{
~request
~saying
=proposal}
Подберите синоним к выделенному слову. Your time to test drive a new car is COMPENSATED by a gift{
~paid
~served
=made up for}
Подберите синоним к выделенному слову. COMMERCIALS are very expensive and not all companies can afford them{
=television ad
~billboard ad
~newspaper ad}
Вставьте пропущенный предлог. The main task of advertisement is to get people into the shop and make them interested .... what you offer{
=in
~at
~with}
Вставьте пропущенный предлог. The idea is to woo customers to the shop and wait ... them to buy goods at regular prices{
=for
~to
~–}
Подберите синоним к выделенному слову. Advertising EXPENDITURES in the USA are comparable to the budgets of some countries{
~price
=costs
~goods}
Подберите синоним к выделенному слову. Free-of-charge distribution is one type of ADVERTISING{
~selling
=promotion
~producing}
Подберите синоним к выделенному слову. To attract customers, some shops organize regular sales at DISCOUNT prices{
=low
~high
~regular}
Тема 28. Оne, ones, one's
Вставьте пропущенное слово: The only items remaining on the agenda were the ... listed in the Journal for 12 April{
~one
=ones
~one's}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: If one wants to encourage private and public investment in Europe ... has to apply for the stability package{
=one
~ones
~one's}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: Every country relies on ... own resources{
~one
~ones
=one's}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: Tokyo-Japan's most serious problem - and the ... that is least discussed - is overpopulation{
=one
~ones
~one's}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: That country cannot satisfy ... own requirements in fact{
~one
~ones
=one's}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: ... this book was famous but nobody reads it today{
~Ones
=Once
~Ot once}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: Equity is the total value of a company, ... all liabilities have been paid{
~ones
~one's
=once}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: Some businessmen think that older workers are more reliable than younger ..{
~one
=ones
~once}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: It's necessary to replace this inefficient equipment with the new ..{
=one
~ones
~once}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: These transactions are similar to the ... we are planning{
=ones
~one's
~once}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: Modern computers are replacing the outdated.{
=ones
~one's
~once}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: ... you have signed the contract, you are obliged to fulfil it{
~Ones
~One's
=Once}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: Everyone must know ... duties{
~ones
=one's
~once}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: For every job created, another … somewhere else will be destroyed{
=one
~ones
~once
~those}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: The problem is still … of managing the resources of a business – material, people and money{
=one
~ones
~once
~those}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: He buys German cars rather than British …{
one
=ones
~once
~those}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: The reasons are basically economic …{
one
=ones
~once
~those}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: At least two new factors are present in greater emphasis - … is the element of time, another that of planning{
=one
~ones
~once
~those}
Вставьте пропущенное слово: For the US the priority remains … of cutting the budget deficit{
=one
~ones
~once
~those}
Тема 29. Функции «it»
Выберите точный перевод выделенных фрагментов: It is said that their company is in fashion business{
~Известно, что
=Говорят, что
~Требуется}
Выберите точный перевод выделенных фрагментов: It is known that the Earth is round{
~говорят, что
=известно, что
~было подсчитано}
Выберите точный перевод выделенных фрагментов: It turns out that he is quite right in his predictions{
~требуется
~известно, что
=кажется}
Выберите точный перевод выделенных фрагментов: It seems that this agreement is profitable{
~Говорят, что
~Бесполезно
=Похоже, что}
Выберите точный перевод выделенных фрагментов: It’s no use producing these commodities, they don’t satisfy customer needs{
~Известно
~Оказывается
=Бесполезно}
Выберите точный перевод выделенных фрагментов: It is planned to continue our negotiations{
=Планируется
~Это запланировано
~Оценивается}
Выберите точный перевод выделенных фрагментов: It is considered that this deal will bring a good profit{
=Считается
~Планируется
~Бесполезно}
Выберите точный перевод выделенных фрагментов: It should be said that in real life such situations don’t occur very often{
=следует сказать, что
~говорят, что
~нужно сказать, что}
Выберите точный перевод выделенных фрагментов: It proved to be impossible to change the situation radically{
~было невозможно
~доказано, что невозможно
=оказалось невозможно}
Выберите точный перевод данного предложения: It is easy to imagine the consequences of this step{
=Легко представить последствия этого шага
~Трудно себе представить последствия этого шага
~Вы можете легко представить последствия этого шага}
Выберите точный перевод данного предложения: I find it difficult to discuss this problem with you{
~Я нахожу трудным обсуждать эту проблему с вами
=Мне трудно обсуждать эту проблему с вами
~Мне так легко решать эту проблему с вами}
Выберите точный перевод данного предложения: It is better to have a written agreement with a manufacturer{
=Лучше иметь письменное соглашение с производителем
~Вам бы лучше иметь письменное соглашение с производителем
~Письменное соглашение с производителем – вот, что вам необходимо иметь}
Выберите точный перевод данного предложения: It is a sad story because people lost their jobs{
=Печально, что люди оказались без работы
~Это интересный случай, потому, что люди оказались без работы
~Это печальная история, потому, что люди остались без работы}
Выберите точный перевод данного предложения: It is important to note that there is no other way out of this situation{
=Важно отметить, что нет другого выхода из этой ситуации
~Должно быть отмечено, что нет другого выхода из этой ситуации
~Тот факт, что нет другого выхода из этой ситуации, очень важен}
Выберите точный перевод данного предложения: It is important that you know this rule{
~Это важно, чтобы вы знали это правило
~Важно знать это правило
=Важно, чтобы вы знали это правило}
Выберите точный перевод данного предложения: It makes no difference what you will think{
~Мне не все равно, что ты подумаешь
~Это важно, что ты подумаешь
=Не важно, что ты подумаешь}
Тема 30. Функции «that»
Какое слово заменено на “those” в следующем предложении. The functions of savings banks differ from those of commercial banks{
~differ
~banks
=functions}
Какое слово заменено на “that” в следующем предложении. The problem of setting up a new enterprise is much more difficult than that of expanding the existing firms{
=problem
~enterprise
~firms}
Какое слово заменено на “that” в следующем предложении. The yield of this crop is three times as great as that of whea{
~three times
~wheat
=yield}
Какое слово заменено на “that” в следующем предложении. Our range of goods is wider than that of our competitors{
~goods
=range of goods
~competitors}
Какое слово заменено на “that” в следующем предложении. The most complex controllable factor is that of promotion{
~complex
=factor
~promotion}
Выберите точный перевод следующего предложения. It is on this square that sports events took place last year{
=Именно на этой площади проходили спортивные соревнования в прошлом году
~Именно спортивные соревнования проходили на этой площади в прошлом году
~В прошлом году на этой площади проходили спортивные соревнования}
Выберите точный перевод следующего предложения. It was last night that they discussed the problem{
~Они обсуждали эту проблему прошлой ночью
~Именно эту проблему они обсуждали прошлой ночью
=Только прошлой ночью они обсуждали эту проблему}
Выберите точный перевод следующего предложения. It was IBM that set the standard for the PC{
~Стандарт для персональных компьютеров был установлен компанией IBM
=Именно компания IBM установила стандарт для персональных компьютеров
~Компания IBM установила именно стандарт для персональных компьютеров}
Выберите точный перевод следующего предложения. It is advertisement that helps attract buyers{
~Реклама помогает привлечь потенциальных покупателей
=Именно реклама помогает привлечь потенциальных покупателей
~Потенциальные покупатели привлекаются рекламой}
Выберите точный перевод следующего предложения. It is these conditions that he needs for testing the devices{
=Ему нужны как раз такие условия для проверки этих устройств
~Именно ему нужны такие условия для проверки этих устройств
~Ему нужны как раз эти приборы для проверки}
Выберите точный перевод следующего предложения. It is this type of computers that is in high demand on the market nowadays{
~Именно сегодня компьютеры пользуются большим спросом
~Сегодня компьютеры пользуются большим спросом
=Как раз такие компьютеры пользуются большим спросом сейчас на рынке}
Выберите точный перевод следующего предложения. It is the radical changes in the company’s strategy that he was in favour of{
~Он выступал за радикальные изменения в стратегии компании
~Именно он выступал за радикальные изменения в стратегии компании
=Он выступал именно за радикальные изменения в стратегии компании}
Выберите точный перевод следующего предложения. It is a current account that the customer gets interests on{
Именно клиент получает проценты по текущему счету
Клиент получает проценты именно по текущему счету
Клиент получает лишь проценты по текущему счету}
Выберите точный перевод следующего предложения. It is securities that are traded on the Stock Exchange{
~На фондовой бирже торгуют ценными бумагами
~Именно на фондовой бирже торгуют ценными бумагами
=На фондовой бирже торгуют именно ценными бумагами}
Заполните пропуск подходящим словом или фразой. … the market is very decentralized in America.{
~That
=The point is that
~So much that}
Заполните пропуск подходящим словом или фразой. Hundreds of thousands were unemployed, and wages of … working were cut{
=those
~that
~this}
Заполните пропуск подходящим словом или фразой. … studying economics must know about the Law of Demand{
–
=Those
~That}
Заполните пропуск подходящим словом или фразой. … all passengers survived in the crash is miraculous{
~What
~Those
=That}
Тема 31.Функции «what» и «which»
Выберите точный перевод выделенного слова. At WHAT stage is the development of this enterprise?{
~что
~то, что
=на какой}
Выберите точный перевод выделенного слова. The result of WHAT has been done by this month are very important.{
~чего
=того, что
~какой}
Выберите точный перевод выделенного слова. All products have WHAT is traditionally called “Product life cycle”{
~что
=то, что
~какой}
Выберите точный перевод выделенного слова. Marketing research helps to determine WHAT customers need{
=в чем
~какие
~каковы}
Выберите точный перевод выделенного слова. Competitiveness of domestic goods has increased, WHICH affected economic development of the country{
~который
~какой
=что}
Выберите точный перевод выделенного слова. Board members are appointed by the President, WHICH gives them independence from changes in sentiment in the Congress{
~который
~какой
=что}
Выберите точный перевод выделенного слова. The report shows WHAT results have been achieved this month{
~которые
=какие
~что}
Выберите точный перевод выделенного слова. The product must always perform the function for WHICH it is intended{
~для которой
=для какой
~для чего}
Выберите точный перевод выделенного слова. Owners of a business need some accounting information in order that they may understand WHAT the accountant is telling them{
~какой
=что
~который}
Заполните пропуск подходящим словом или фразой. One has to admit that ... we produced before isn’t profitable now{
~that
=what
~this}
Заполните пропуск подходящим словом или фразой. ... they produce is very profitable{
~Which
=What
~It}
Заполните пропуск подходящим словом или фразой. It is important to know ... needs of consumers are{
~that
=what
~whose}
Заполните пропуск подходящим словом или фразой. One should know ... forms of marketing communication promotion includes{
~that
=what
~it}
Заполните пропуск подходящим словом или фразой. Lots of plants were closed because of the economic crash, ... caused unemployment{
~so that
~who
=which}
Заполните пропуск подходящим словом или фразой. The decision was made to cardinally change monetary policy that is the way to reach the ultimate goal ... means a steady growth of economy{
=which
~what
~this}
Тема 33. Условные предложения
Дополните предложение, выбрав глагол в соответствующей форме. If the government ......... more than it receives through taxation, it can still avoid creating new money itself{
=spends
~spent
~will spend}
Дополните предложение, выбрав глагол в соответствующей форме. If we ......... together we would have saved more money{
~worked
=had worked
~have worked}
Дополните предложение, выбрав глагол в соответствующей форме. If the bank ......... the amount it spends to the amount it collects, then it would create no new money{
~could match
=can match
~could have matched}
Дополните предложение, выбрав глагол в соответствующей форме. If I .........how difficult the job was, I wouldn't have taken it{
=had known
~have know
~knew}
Дополните предложение, выбрав глагол в соответствующей форме. If the government ......... some extra money would you be prepared to create a subsidiary in our country?{
~finds
~would find
=found}
Дополните предложение, выбрав глагол в соответствующей форме. The economy can't develop if the finances ......... in a bad state{
~would be
=are
~were}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант ответа. If the ministers decided to hold an inquiry, we ......... it{
~will welcome
~would have welcomed
=would welcome}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант ответа. If the contract had been fulfilled in time, we ......... commodities long before{
~would receive
~will receive
=would have received}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант ответа. If the government spent more money on medicine, there ......... children's death{
~won't be
=wouldn't be
~wouldn't have been}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант ответа. The recession ......... avoided if the prices hadn't fallen{
~could be
~can be
=could have been}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант ответа. If I lost my job, I ......... back to university{
~went
=would go
~will go}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант перевода. If you had asked me I would have lent you my car{
=Если бы ты попросил меня, я бы одолжил тебе свою машину (в прошлом)
~Если ты попросишь меня, я одолжу тебе свою машину
~Если бы ты попросил меня, я бы одолжил тебе свою машину (в настоящем)}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант перевода. If I go to university I'll get a better job{
~Если бы я пошел учиться в университете, я бы получил хорошую работу
~Если бы я пошел учится в университет, я бы получил хорошую работу (в прошлом)
=Если я пойду учиться в университет, я получу хорошую работу}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант перевода. If your company went bankrupt, what would you do?{
~Если ваша компания разорится, что вы будете делать?
=Если бы ваша компания разорилась, что бы вы сделали?
~Если бы ваша компания разорилась, что бы вы сделали? (в прошлом)}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант перевода. If they keep to an agreement, I'll give them the money{
~Если бы они выполнили договор, я бы дал им денег (в настоящем)
~Если бы они выполнили договор, я бы дал им денег (в прошлом)
=Если они выполнят договор, я дам им денег}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант перевода. You'll be alright if you take some travellers' cheques{
=У вас будет все хорошо, если вы возьмете с собой дорожные чеки
~У вас бы было все хорошо, если бы вы взяли с собой дорожные чеки
~У вас бы было все хорошо, если бы тогда взяли с собой дорожные чеки}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант перевода: I would have taken them to court if they hadn't paid me what they owed{
=Я бы подал на них в суд, если бы они не заплатили мне то, что должны (в прошлом)
~Я подам на них в суд, если они не заплатят мне то, что должны
~Я бы сейчас подал бы на них в суд, если бы они не заплатили мне то, что должны}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант перевода. If you had to live in another country, where would you go?{
~Если вам придется жить в другой стране, куда вы поедете?
=Если вам придется жить в другой стране, куда бы вы поехали? (в настоящем)
~Если бы вам пришлось бы жить в другой стране, куда бы вы поехали? (в прошлом)}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант перевода. We might move to Moscow if Peter got the job{
~Мы можем переехать в Москву, если Питер получит работу
=Мы могли бы переехать в Москву, если бы Питер получил работу (в настоящем)
~Мы могли бы переехать в Москву, если бы Питер получил работу (в прошлом)}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант перевода. If I knew the answer to that question, I would tell you{
~Если бы я знал ответ на этот вопрос, я бы тебе сказал (в прошлом)
~Если я узнаю ответ на этот вопрос, я скажу тебе
=Если бы я знал ответ на этот вопрос, я бы сказал тебе (в настоящем)}
Дополните предложения, выбрав глагол в соответствующей форме. If we produced more goods we … more profit{
~will make
=would make
~would have made}
Дополните предложения, выбрав глагол в соответствующей форме. If we … in product development we wouldn’t have caught up with our competitors{
=hadn’t been involved
~were not involved
~are not involved}
Дополните предложения, выбрав глагол в соответствующей форме.The firm will deliver the goods in a week if you … the contract now{
~would have signed
~will sign
=sign}
Дополните предложения, выбрав глагол в соответствующей форме.We would provide some extra services for the car if you … the car in our garage{
=bought
~will buy
~had bought}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант перевода. You would have achieved your goal if you had worked harder{
=Если бы ты больше работал, ты бы достиг своей цели. (в прошлом)
~Если бы ты больше работал, ты бы достиг своей цели. (в настоящем)
~Ты достигнешь своей цели, если будешь больше работать}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант перевода. If a firm carries out a market research it will have more information about prospective customers{
Если фирма проводит исследование рынка, она имеет больше информации о потенциальных клиентах
=Если фирма проведёт исследование рынка, она будет иметь больше информации о потенциальных клиентах
Если бы фирма провела исследование рынка, она бы имела больше информации о потенциальных клиентах}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант перевода. If you borrowed some money from the bank you could buy a new car{
=Если бы ты взял деньги в банке, ты бы мог купить новую машину. (в настоящем)
Если ты возьмёшь деньги в банке, ты сможешь купить новую машину
Если бы ты взял деньги в банке, ты бы мог купить новую машину. (в прошлом)}
БЫЛО 21 стало 12
Тема 34. Функции инфинитива
Проанализируйте предложения и выберите то, в котором инфинитив следует переводить глаголом в неопределенной форме вместе с союзом "чтобы"{
~To run a company effectively became the main objective
=To raise funds for its needs an enterprise issues shares
~To get the state subsidies means to raise additional resources}
Проанализируйте предложения и выберите то, при переводе которого следует использовать слово "должен"{
=The company was to increase wages and salaries by the end of the year
~Their duty is to provide the best conditions for the work of energy systems
~The main task for the nearest future was to develop these vast territories}
Проанализируйте предложения и выберите то, при переводе которого следует использовать слово "должен"{
~The ultimate goal of any business is to generate profit
=Funds from the state budget are to be used to finance the construction of this project
~The purpose of the new agreement was to accomplish the work in time}
Подберите правильный перевод данного предложения. What does Russia have to do for this to happen?{
~Что должно случиться в России для этого?
=Что необходимо сделать России, чтобы это случилось?
~Что сделано Россией, чтобы это случилось?}
Проанализируйте предложения и выберите то, в котором инфинитив следует переводить используя слово «который»{
=We will buy the goods at a price to be fixed by special agreement
~This technology is to be introduced next year
~It was done to develop new technology}
Проанализируйте предложения и выберите то, в которых инфинитив следует переводить, используя слово “который”{
=Here is the exercise to be done by the students next time
~He is to come in few minutes
~The economy of our country has a long way to go to catch up the developed countries}
Проанализируйте предложения и выберите то, в которых инфинитив следует переводить, используя слово “чтобы”{
=To make profits they trade with foreign firms
~The contract was to be signed next week
~These are the shares to be sold}
Проанализируйте предложения и выберите то, в котором инфинитив следует переводить, используя слово “должен”{
~To be effective the company made its budget realistic
~She is the best employee to report managers
=This problem is to be solved by the end of the year}
Проанализируйте предложения и выберите то, в которых инфинитив следует переводить, используя слово “который”{
~We improve the quality of goods to be more competitive
~The results of market research are to be taken into consideration immediately
=It was the question to be answered by Sales Manager}
Проанализируйте предложения и выберите то, в котором инфинитив следует переводить, используя слово “должен”{
~This is the best idea to be discussed at the meeting
=The method is to be used in the production
~To achieve this goal the company established strategic priorities}
Проанализируйте предложения и выберите то, в которых инфинитив следует переводить, используя слово “который”{
~To reduce costs they use new technology
=These are the key strategic decisions to make as soon as possible
~The annual meeting of shareholders is to begin at 10 o’clock}
Проанализируйте предложения и выберите то, в которых инфинитив следует переводить, используя слово “чтобы”{
~My children need someone to go to school with
~We are to purchase all the materials necessary for production
=Funds from the state budget were used to finance the realization of this project}
Тема 35. Инфинитив сложном дополнении, в сложном сказуемом
Выберите наиболее точный вариант перевода. Do you want your product to be advertised in this journal?{
=Хотите ли вы, чтобы ваш товар рекламировался в этом журнале?
~Вы хотите рекламировать ваш товар в этом журнале?}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант перевода. We WOULD LIKE these documents to be attached to the registration form{
=Мы хотели бы, чтобы эти документы были приложены к регистрационному бланку
~Мы хотели бы приложить эти документы к регистрационному бланку}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант перевода. You ARE UNLIKELY to see fast rises in these share prices{
~Вам не понравится наблюдать за быстрым ростом цен на эти акции
=Вряд ли вы увидите быстрый рост цен на эти акции}
Дополните предложение. The director was expected ... present at the meeting
be{
=to be
~have been}
Дополните предложение. Do you want the work ... today?{
~to finish
~finishing
=to be finished}
Дополните предложение. This internal reform is supposed ... the company back on its feet{
=to put
~to be put
~put}
Дополните предложение. I consider these qualities ... the most important for a good manager{
~be
=to be
~were}
Дополните предложение. What makes foreign businessmen ... about discrimination?{
~to speak
=speak
~speaking}
Дополните предложение. They want their business ... much bigger{
=to be
~was
~has been}
Дополните предложение. I would like you ... at some interesting statistics{
~look
=to look
~looked}
~Они хотят продавать свои товары
=Они хотят чтобы их товары были проданы}
=Вы наверняка обсудите главную стратегическую цель
~Вам понравится обсуждение главной стратегической цели}
=Ожидается, что отдел будет вести все записи
~Отдел ожидает, что записи будут вестись}
~Мы хотим оплатить услуги наличными
=Мы хотим, чтобы услуги были оплачены наличными}
Тема 37. Типы коммерческих предприятий
Подберите продолжение к данному предложению. The Chairman of the Board of Directors is …{
~responsible for recruitment and selection of personnel
=in overall control and may not be the head of any one department
~in charge of a department's day-to-day running}
Подберите продолжение к данному предложению: The manager of a department is …{
~responsible for strategic planning and for making decisions
~in overall control of the company
=in charge of department's day-to-day running}
Подберите продолжение к данному предложению: Marketing Department …
reports to Sales Manager{
~keeps a record of all payments made and received
=carries out market research}
Подберите продолжение к данному предложению: Personnel Department is …{
~responsible for strategic planning and for making decisions
=responsible for recruitment and selection
~in charge of department's day-to-day running}
Подберите продолжение к данному предложению: Accounting Department …{
~reports to Sales Manager
~advises on corporate regulations
=keeps a record of all payments made and received}
Подберите синонимы к выделенному слову: If you go into business alone, it is called one-person business{
~limited involvement
=sole proprietorship
~leadership}
Подберите синонимы к выделенному слову: Partnership is an association of two or more people to carry on business for profit{
~to run business
=to go into business
~to get down to business}
Подберите синонимы к подчеркнутому слову: The owner’s liability in the sole proprietorship is greater than in any other forms of ownership{
~interest
=responsibility
~profit}
Подберите синонимы к подчеркнутому слову: The company’s manager makes a lot of important decisions concerning hiring and firing employees, distributing duties among them, evaluating the company’s activities{
~profits
~taxes
=responsibilities}
Подберите синоним к подчеркнутому слову: Limited liability is sure to be one of the major advantages of any corporation{
~factors
=benefits
~needs}
Подберите синонимы к выделенному слову: To run a business properly one should hire a professional manager{
=employ
~lay off
~control}
Подберите синонимы к подчеркнутому слову: It is easy to set up a sole proprietorship, as one has only to purchase a license{
~to fix
=to establish
~to introduce}
Заполните пропуск подходящим по смыслу предлогом: Like sole proprietorship, partnership is easy to establish, and its profits are not subject … federal corporation taxes{
=to
~on
~for}
Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу предлогами: In corporations investors can limit their personal liability … the amount of money they have invested{
~by
~for
=to}
Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу предлогами: The major advantage … corporate form of ownership … sole proprietorship and partnership is limited liability of its owners{
=of…over
~of…from
~for…over}
Заполните пропуск подходящим по смыслу предлогом: Higher interest rates will force small firms go out … business{
~for
~from
=of}
Заполните пропуск подходящим по смыслу предлогом: Corporations are jointly owned by different people who receive shares of stock in exchange … an investment of money in the company{
~of
=for
~by}
Заполните пропуск подходящим по смыслу предлогом: To get down… business one needs to purchase a license{
~in
~for
=to}
Определите, какому из видов коммерческой деятельности соответствует данное утверждение. The owner provides complete control over the business, its loans, capital and policies{
=sole proprietorship
~partnership
~corporation}
Определите, какому из видов коммерческой деятельности соответствует данное утверждение. Having bought a share in business, one risks to lose only the sum of money invested in it{
~sole proprietorship
~partnership
=corporation}
Определите, какому из видов коммерческой деятельности соответствует данное утверждение. The officers supervise daily management, stockholders having the final authority{
~sole proprietorship
~partnership
=corporation}
Определите, какому из видов коммерческой деятельности соответствует данное утверждение. It needs at least two partners each of them providing the capital{
~sole proprietorship
=partnership
~corporation}
Определите, какому из видов коммерческой деятельности соответствует данное утверждение. The owners of this business unit do not directly control its operations{
~sole proprietorship
~partnership
=corporation}
Определите, какому из видов коммерческой деятельности соответствует данное утверждение. It’s a cheap form of business ownership, the purchase of license being the first step for starting it{
=sole proprietorship
~partnership
~corporation}
Определите, какому из видов коммерческой деятельности соответствует данное утверждение. There is unlimited liability of each partner for the debts of the business, that is complete financial responsibility for losses{
~sole proprietorship
=partnership
~corporation}
Подберите продолжение к данному предложению. Research and Development department …{
=creates new products
~works with the factory unit
~brings the firm’s goods and services to the attention of customers}
Подберите продолжение к данному предложению. Legal department …{
=advises on corporate regulations
~organizes quality control
~orders all supplies needed by the firm}
Тема 38. Совместное предприятие
Выберите наиболее точный вариант, чтобы дополнить предложение: Two or more companies agreed to work on a project. It means that they have set up.{
~acquisition
=a joint venture
~a takeover}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант, чтобы дополнить предложение: After the procedure of registration the joint venture can be named as. {
=a juridical person
~legislative body
~an individual}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант, чтобы дополнить предложение: … is formed by way of annual deductions from the profits of a joint venture.{
~Charitable fund
=Reserve fund
~Authorized fund}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант, чтобы дополнить предложение: The Board of Directors of a joint venture.{
=sets up the strategy of a company
~determines day-to-day management
~reports to all company departments}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант, чтобы дополнить предложение: If the company pays out part of money it earns, such company is.{
~tax deductable
~exempt from tax
=subject to a tax}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант, чтобы дополнить предложение: Some joint venture has broken up or ceased to exist. It means that it has been ... ...{
=dissolved
~established
~repatriated abroad}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант, чтобы дополнить предложение: Joint venture may open a bank account and conclude agreements and contracts.{
~on its own name
~at its own name
=in its own name}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант, чтобы дополнить предложение: One of the main features of interest to Russian participant is to ... foreign technology{
=attract
~reject
~сreate}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант, чтобы дополнить предложение: The foundation documents and the Feasibility Study are needed for the ... procedure{
~retirement
=application
~producing}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант, чтобы дополнить предложение: The authorized fund may be ... from the profits of a joint venture{
~established
~deducted
=supplemented}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант, чтобы дополнить предложение: The company decided to ... to the third party court{
~appear
=appeal
~appoint}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант, чтобы дополнить предложение: He earns about $800 a month after tax and insurance...{
=deductions
~contributions
~constructions}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант, чтобы дополнить предложение: The ... fund is created to develop production{
~authorized
~reserve
=research and development}
Выберите синоним к выделенному слову: Russian enterprises have the right to SET UP joint ventures with foreign firms on the territory of Russia{
~include
~cover
=establish}
Выберите синоним к выделенному слову: Feasibility study covers the OBJECTIVES of a company{
~accounting records
=goals
~assets}
Выберите синоним к выделенному слову: Joint-stock companies were established with the view to realizing export-import TRANSACTIONS
=deals
~deans
~dealers
Выберите синоним к выделенному слову: Some Russian companies PARTICIPATE in the European projects{
~carry out
~negotiate
=take part}
Выберите синоним к выделенному слову: There are several MAIN features of interest to Russian participants of a joint venture{
~principle
=principal
~political}
Выберите синоним к выделенному слову: Our government is trying to improve the DOMESTIC market{
=national
~overseas
~foreign}
Тема 39. Маркетинг
Закончите предложение. The four controllable factors in marketing are...{
~the consumers opinions and interests, hobbies, favourite sports
~introduction, growth, maturity and decline
=price, product, place and promotion}
Закончите предложение. Industrial goods are…{
=products bought by corporations or institutions
~products bought by individual consumers
~products bought by households}
Закончите предложение. Demand analysis is...{
=determining the needs of prospective customers
~developing techniques / methods for marketing research
~part of market segmentation}
Закончите предложение. The stages of the product life cycle are...{
~product, price, place and promotion
~introduction, production, growth and promotion
=introduction, growth, maturity and decline}
Закончите предложение. "Distribution" means...{
=the movement of goods and services from producers to consumers
~determining the needs of prospective customers
~the satisfaction of customer needs and profitability}
Закончите предложение: An important role of marketing is...{
~to manufacture something and make another person want it
=to find out what the needs of customers are and to undertake necessary actions to satisfy those needs
~to be constantly engaged in product development}
Закончите предложение. The ultimate objective of a business corporation is…{
~to negotiate the sale and purchase
~to supply goods reliably
=to generate profits}
Закончите предложение. In marketing it is customary to organize different marketing sectors into broad groups:{
~product, price, place and promotion
=consumer goods, industrial goods and services
~soft drinks, detergents, pharmaceuticals, electric appliances}
Закончите предложение: The product must always perform the function for which it is intended and...{
=meet quality standards
~cover costs
~supply reliably}
Закончите предложение. Promotion includes ... ... . {
~product planning, marketing research, pricing
~transporting , storing and selling goods
=advertising, direct mail, customer service, special events}
Подберите синоним к слову: rival{
=competitor
~supplier
~marketer}
Подберите синоним к слову: rapid{
~good
=fast
~quite}
Подберите синоним к слову: wide range{
=multiple choice
~supplies
~overheads}
Подберите синоним к слову: items{
~stages
~levels
=commodities}
Подберите синоним к слову: advantage{
=benefit
~drawback
~feature}
Подберите синоним к слову: to be engaged in{
~to diversify
~to choose
=to be involved in}
Подберите синоним к слову: complex{
~easy
=complicated
~main}
Подберите синоним к слову: delivery{
=supply
~development
~sale}
Подберите синоним к слову: to promote{
~to choose
~to move
=to facilitate}
Подберите синоним к слову: prospective (customer){
=potential
~constant
~necessary}
Подберите синоним к слову: current{
=present
~previous
~modern}
Подберите синоним к слову: diversity{
~demand
=variety
~delivery}
Подберите синоним к слову: to determine (the price){
=to set
~to deliver
~to cost}
Подберите синоним к слову: method{
~supply
=technique
~analyses}
Вставьте пропущенный предлог: In order to win the market the company should be constantly engaged … product development{
=in
~at
~on}
Вставьте пропущенный предлог: If you want to succeed you should be guided … four controllable factors{
~from
=by
~for}
Вставьте пропущенный предлог: Up-market goods are usually sold … a very high price{
~in
~on
=at}
Вставьте пропущенный предлог: Prices … industrial goods are usually decided by large companies{
~at
=for
~in}
Вставьте пропущенный предлог: The length of the product life cycle depends on the extent … which the product is an innovation or a modification{
=to
~in
~at}
Вставьте пропущенный предлог: To be successful the newcomer must have a compelling offer to make the customer switch … his product{
~for
~on
=to}
Тема 40. Менеджмент
Дополните предложение: Personnel manager …{
~directs and controls people effectively
=deals mainly with human activities
~looks at the business objectively as a whole}
Дополните предложение: Top management includes …{
~top management, middle management, operating management
=president, vice-president, general manager
~directing, controlling, staffing, innovating}
Дополните предложение. Management functions include …{
~the ability to direct and control people effectively
~top management, middle management, operating management
=directing, controlling, staffing, innovating}
Дополните предложение. Management levels include …{
=top management, middle management, operating management
~president, vice-president, general manager
~directing, controlling, staffing, innovating}
Дополните предложение. The process of finding the right person for each job is …{
=staffing
~organizing
~firing}
Дополните предложение. A lack of ... leads to misunderstanding between managers and employees{
~foreign language skill
~stamina
=communicative skill}
Дополните предложение. Systematic decision making can be hard work, particularly if you're ... complicated situations{
=dealing with
~planning
~innovating}
Дополните предложение. The ability to generate new ideas and perspectives which lead to the success of the company is …{
=creativity
adaptability
leadership}
Дополните предложение. To make people think that your may is right means to ... them{
=persuade
respect
follow}
Дополните предложение. When you simply can't do all tasks, you may pass some of them to the other people, in other words you. {
~seek new way
=delegate responsibilities
~force your staff}
Дополните предложение. The overall responsibility ... decision making contains some managerial functions{
~of
=for
~to}
Дополните предложение. One of the problems of any specialist is learning how to look ... the business objectively, as a whole{
=at
~for
~out}
Дополните предложение. You have to rely ... information given to you by local businesses and by your local reps{
~for
=on
~with}
Подберите синоним к выделенному слову. This report summarizes the results of a survey CARRIED OUT by the consumer magazine{
=implemented
~started
~finished}
Подберите синоним к выделенному слову: Companies should hire or APPOINT people especially for this kind of work{
~fire
~communicate
=choose for a position}
Подберите синоним к выделенному слову: This new job requires good management ABILITY{
=skill
~effort
~task}
Подберите синоним к выделенному слову: Who IS RESPONSIBLE for monitoring the activities of travel agents?{
=is in charge of
~is engaged in
~is busy with}
Подберите синоним к выделенному слову: Language AFFECTS negotiating strategy more than cultural considerations{
=influences
~changes
~helps}
Подберите синоним к выделенному слову: A good manager is someone who knows how TO HANDLE staff well{
=to manage
~to control
~to accept}
Дополните предложение: The oldest organizational structure is called…{
~matrix structure
=line structure
~geographical structure}
Дополните предложение: The management function, that refers to monitoring of results is…{
~innovating
~staffing
=controlling}
Дополните предложение: The management function, that refers to finding new approaches to work is…{
=innovating
~staffing
~controlling}
Дополните предложение: The management function, that refers to organizing the process of implementing is called…{
~planning
=organizing
~innovating}
Дополните предложение: The management function, that refers to motivation is called…{
=directing
~controlling
~staffing}
Дополните предложение: The management function, that refers to setting goals is called…{
~organizing
=planning
~directing}
Тема 41. Биржи БЫЛО 29, СТАЛО 28
Подберите синоним к слову: Dealings{
~categories
~regulations
=transactions}
Подберите синоним к слову: Short-fall{
=deficit
~abundance
~investment}
Подберите синоним к слову: Variety{
~personality
=diversity
~security}
Подберите синоним к слову: Overseas{
~domestic
=foreign
~incorporated}
Подберите синоним к слову: To entitle{
~to conduct
~to issue
=to give the right}
Подберите синоним к слову: Commitment{
~spending
=obligation
~opportunity}
Заполните пропуск подходящим по смыслу словом. The process of taking part in a capital market begins with a corporation selling...{
goods
wealth
=stocks}
Заполните пропуск подходящими по смыслу словами. The market value of the ... is about $ 120 billion{
~share index
~borrowers
=securities}
Заполните пропуск подходящими по смыслу словами. As a shareholder you are ... of the company{
=an owner
~an intermediary
~an agent}
Заполните пропуск подходящими по смыслу словами. ... earn a fixed income{
~Ordinary shares
=Preference shares
~Equities}
Заполните пропуск подходящими по смыслу словами. You can also buy ... which are a form of long-term borrowing{
~goods
=bonds
~commitments}
Заполните пропуск подходящими по смыслу словами. Generally a share price ... according to interest rate movements{
~sets
~gets stability
=fluctuates}
Заполните пропуск подходящими по смыслу словами. Some guilts are undated, with no fixed...{
~exchange rate
=redemption date
~circulation date}
Заполните пропуск соответствующим по смыслу словосочетанием. … manage the combined assets of many investors, both large and small{
~Share holders
=Holding company
~Individual investors}
Заполните пропуск соответствующим по смыслу словом. Two prices are always quoted: the … price and the … price{
~listed … issued
=offer … bid
~listed … bid
~offered … issued}
Заполните пропуск соответствующим по смыслу словом. A broker on the NYSE trading floor executes the trade … the customer{
~in the opinion of
=on behalf of
~due to
~for the sake of}
Подберите соответствующее определение к вырaжению: to raise capital{
~to build a city
=to attract funds
~to invest money
~to fail in saving capital}
Подберите соответствующее определение к вырaжению: bear market{
~stocks or shares not bearing fixed interest
=a market with a tendency to fall
~a part of the common stock
~a market with a tendency for rise}
Подберите соответствующее определение к вырaжению: exchange member{
=a person or a security house which trade on an exchange
~specialist responsible for funds entrusted to them
~shareholder}
Подберите соответствующее определение вырaжению: bull market{
=a market with a tendency for rise
~a public building or place where bull are sold
~a market with a tendency to fall
~a shadow market where illegal goods are sold}
Подберите соответствующее определение к вырaжению: blue chips{
~stocks or shares not bearing fixed interest
=shares of secure and successful companies
~ordinary shares
~securities issued by the government}
Подберите соответствующее определение к вырaжению: share index{
~last reported price at which a security was sold
=number indicating how prices of shares have fluctuated
~an offer for sale
~different kinds of investments}
Соответствует ли содержание данного предложения действительности. Stockbroker is a person who only buys shares in companies for other people{
~да
=нет}
Соответствует ли содержание данного предложения действительности. Commodity exchange is the marketplace where listed securities can be traded efficiently{
~да
=нет}
Соответствует ли содержание данного предложения действительности. Market indexes are indicators used to measure and report value changes in representative stock groupings{
=да
~нет}
Соответствует ли содержание данного предложения действительности. Companies should apply for a place on the “Official list” to be admitted to the stock exchange{
=да
~нет}
Соответствует ли содержание данного предложения действительности. Stock exchange usually deals in raw materials and some items of produce{
~да
=нет}
Соответствует ли содержание данного предложения действительности. The Exchange is a business corporation run by a Managing Director{
~да
=нет}
Тема 42. Банки
Выберите подходящее по смыслу словосочетание, чтобы завершить предложение. If a person signs a standing order, the bank .{
~keeps enough money on his account
~issues cheques regularly to him
=sees that his regular bills are paid every month}
Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово или словосочетание, чтобы завершить предложение. Bank customers who need capital are .{
~depositors
~lenders
=borrowers}
Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово или словосочетание, чтобы завершить предложение. When you put money into a bank account, you .{
~accept money
=deposit money
~withdraw money}
Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово или словосочетание, чтобы завершить предложение: British banks dealing mainly with businesses are .{
~savings banks
~commercial banks
=merchant banks}
Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово или словосочетание, чтобы заполнить пропуск. The value of the money of the country compared to that of another is shown by the ... rate{
~interest
~growth
=exchange
Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово или словосочетание, чтобы заполнить пропуск. By using debit or purchases cards customers ... money directly from their bank account to the shop's account{
~withdraw
=transfer
~transform}
Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово или словосочетание, чтобы заполнить пропуск. Having a ... account, a bank customer can issue personal cheques{
~credit
=current
~deposit}
Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово, чтобы заполнить пропуск. Borrowers wish to ... capital{
~allocate
=obtain
~provide}
Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово или словосочетание, чтобы заполнить пропуск. Traveller's cheques are ... by shops in almost every country in the world{
~arranged
~allocated
=accepted}
Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово или словосочетание, чтобы заполнить пропуск. To obtain cash from the bank at which one has an account means ... cash{
~to transfer
~to carry
=to withdraw}
Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово или словосочетание, чтобы заполнить пропуск. Interest rate determines the sum which ... pay to creditors for the use of their money{
~lenders
=borrowers
~depositors}
Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово или словосочетание, чтобы заполнить пропуск. By ... borrowers more than they paid to depositors, bankers made a profit{
~lending
=charging
~paying}
Подберите соответствующий предлог. Credit card-holders can pay ... all their purchases with one cheque{
~out
~-
=for}
Подберите соответствующий предлог. You may ask a bank clerk about the interest you might get ... your money{
=on
~for
~from}
Подберите соответствующий предлог. This bank's charges ... all services are rather high{
~on
=for
~in}
Подберите соответствующий предлог. He would like to change roubles ... dollars{
~on
=for
~to}
Подберите соответствующий предлог. This is a cheque for 100 dollars ... my name{
~on
~to
=in}
Подберите соответствующий предлог. If you don't have a credit card with you, you may pay ... cash{
~for
=by
~out}
Подберите соответствующий предлог. Travellers' cheque can be exchanged ... cash{
~to
~by
=for}
Подберите соответствующий предлог. … a current account a customer can issue cheques{
~For
=With
~To}
Подберите соответствующий предлог. A lot of people have accounts … banks{
~by
~for
=with}
Подберите соответствующий предлог. Commercial banks receive money from savers … current and deposit accounts{
~from
=on
~to}
Подберите синоним к выделенной фразе. One of the functions of a bank is to make loans{
=to lend money
~to borrow money
~to deposit money}
Подберите синоним к выделенной фразе. Any minute you can draw money out from your account{
=take money from your account
~put money into your account
~deposit money in your account}
Подберите синоним к выделенной фразе. If a customer wants to buy something he can issue a cheque{
~cash a cheque
~accept a cheque
=make out a cheque}
Подберите синоним к выделенной фразе. No interest is paid on current accounts{
=checking accounts
~deposit accounts
~loan accounts}
Подберите синоним к выделенной фразе. All I want to do is to make out a cheque{
=to issue a cheque
~to withdraw a cheque
~to sing a cheque}
Подберите синоним к выделенной фразе. It is easier to use cheques to pay for things than to move cash around{
~to pay in cash
=to carry cash
~to be short of cash}
Подберите синоним к выделенной фразе. If you run out of cash you can use a credit card{
=are short of cash
~cash a cheque
~carry cash}
Подберите синоним к выделенной фразе. My friend made interest on savings deposits and set up a sole proprietorship{
~took interest
~put interest
=earned interest}
Тема 43. Бухгалтерский учет
Выберите верное определение предложенного термина. Liquid assets{
=Wealth that can easily be changed into cash
~Property that cannot be easily changed into cash
~Stocks and shares in drinks companies}
Выберите верное определение предложенного термина. To go into liquidation{
~To have a lot of money, especially cash
=To go bankrupt and stop trading
~To be taken over by another company}
Выберите верное определение предложенного термина. Fixed assets{
~Assets which can be used to make immediate payments
~Working capital
=Property, land and equipment which is not normally intended for immediate sale}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант, чтобы закончить предложение. Most general term for money we receive for our work or investments is .{
=income
~revenue
~earnings}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант, чтобы закончить предложение: The total annual income of the state from taxes is called .{
~earnings
=revenue
~receipts}
Выберите наиболее точный вариант, чтобы закончить предложение. Increase in wealth is …{
~returns
~revenue
=gains}
Выберите наиболее верный термин к предложенному определению. What, in financial terms, a business hopes to make{
=profit
~margin
~interest}
Выберите наиболее верный термин к предложенному определению. The name for all the property, equipment, investments and money, owned by a company{
=wealth
~assets
~income}
Выберите наиболее верный термин к предложенному определению. The total amount of sales in a year{
~profit
=turnover
~cashflow}
Выберите наиболее верный термин к предложенному определению. The name for everything that a company owes{
~debtors
~creditors
=liabilities}
Выберите наиболее верный термин к предложенному определению. What a company has to prepare every year for presentation to its owners and to the relevant authorities{
~forecast profit
~net sales
=financial statements}
Выберите наиболее верный термин к предложенному определению. Money owed to the government by any company{
~sales costs
~capital costs
=taxes}
Тема 44. Международная торговля
Вставьте наиболее подходящее слово в предложение: An official paper giving permission to take items in or out of the country is known as an import or export .{
~certificate
=licence
~agreement}
Вставьте наиболее подходящее слово в предложение. Customs ... are imposed on imported as well as exported goods{
=duties
~fees
~penalties}
Вставьте наиболее подходящее слово в предложение. As soon as one's luggage is cleared through the ... special stamps are put on it{
~tax department
=customs
~export-import department}
Вставьте наиболее подходящее слово в предложение. To declare a commodity means to name an item, stating its ... and other details{
~cost
=value
~margin}
Вставьте наиболее подходящее слово в предложение. Invoice, bill of lading and ... policy are the main documents necessary for carrying on any export-import transaction{
~security
=insurance
~safety}
Какому слову наиболее точно соответствует данное определение. The people responsible for transporting cargo{
=clearing and forwarding agents
~intermediaries
~stockists}
Какому слову наиболее точно соответствует данное определение. A list of bills of lading covering all the cargo on the vessel{
~a certificate
=a manifest
~a price-list}
Какому слову наиболее точно соответствует данное определение. The form of international trade which is used for long-term contracts and supported with huge credits{
~counterpurchase
~barter
=buyback}
Какому слову наиболее точно соответствует данное определение. A supply of raw materials or finished goods kept for sale by a firm or a shop{
reserves
sources
=stocks}
Какому слову наиболее точно соответствует данное определение. A direct sale of goods in exchange for commodities, with little or no money used in the deal{
~buyback
=barter
~counterpurchase}
Какому слову наиболее точно соответствует данное определение. The government department responsible for collecting taxes on imported goods and making sure that illegal goods are not imported or exported{
~tax ministry
~foreign agency firm
=customs authorities}
Какому слову наиболее точно соответствует данное определение. A person or business that buys things in order to sell them to someone else or helps to arrange business deals for other people{
~clearing agent
=middleman
~merchant}
Вставьте подходящий предлог из предложенных. Nowadays, countries specialize in producing some commodities and exchange them ... those produced by other countries{
~to
=for
~on}
Вставьте подходящий предлог из предложенных. The governments sometimes put restrictions ... imported goods{
~for
~to
=on}
Вставьте подходящий предлог из предложенных. This year we've had a surplus of grain and have a great amount of it ... stock{
=in
~at
~on}
Вставьте подходящий предлог из предложенных
- How are you going to market these goods?
- I'm planning to get in touch with my foreign agent and send goods ... consignment{
~for
~in
=on}
Вставьте подходящий предлог из предложенных. Russia and most East-European countries have a long experience of trading. They have been carrying ... trade in many sectors of economy for decades{
~for
=on
~of}
Вставьте подходящий предлог из предложенных. If you don't agree to the delivery of this make of cars, could we send you something ... equal value?{
=of
~for
~in}
Вставьте подходящий предлог из предложенных. Selling ... middlemen takes a much shorter period, for they know the structure of home market in foreign countries better than producers do{
~by
~with
=through}
Вставьте подходящий предлог из предложенных. It took me about two hours to be cleared ... the customs{
~with
~at
=through}
Вставьте наиболее подходящее слово в предложение. The fragile cargo got damaged during the shipment but the … company covered the loss{
~security
~licensing
=insurance}
Вставьте наиболее подходящее слово в предложение. Profit … is the difference between how much money you get when you sell something and how much it costs you to buy or make it{
~limit
~gains
=margin}
Какому слову наиболее точно соответствует данное определение. The people arranging for the loading and unloading of the goods{
~intermediaries
=clearing and forwarding agents
~foreign agents}
Какому слову наиболее точно соответствует данное определение
A big building where large amounts of goods are stored{
=warehouse
~wholesaler
~stock}
Тема 46. Бессоюзное подчинение
Выберите из трех предложений то, которое содержит бессоюзное присоединение придаточного предложения{
~When money is borrowed, the amount to be repaid next year is measured in units of national currency (pounds of sterling for the UK, for example)
=Money can be used to buy things we wish to consume
~Money is a store of value, for it can be used to make purchases in future}
Выберите из трех предложений то, которое содержит бессоюзное присоединение придаточного предложения{
=The information the economist relied upon was outdated
~It is desirable that as much information as possible about consumer demand should be obtained before planning business strategy
~The number of people who are using the internet is growing, so this is a company with a great future}
Выберите из трех предложений то, которое содержит бессоюзное присоединение придаточного предложения{
~On a pay-day, government is taking that money out of circulation for a while
=There are four methods the government can use to control the money supply
~If at any one time the government wants to borrow a lot of money, it will have to offer a higher rate of interest in order to attract that money}
Выберите из трех предложений то, которое содержит бессоюзное присоединение придаточного предложения{
~The goods bought in this country consisted of traditional export commodities
=The country the goods were exported to was in the tropical climate
~The increased international demand for goods results in greater production and more extensive use of raw materials and labour, which means the growth of domestic employment}
Выберите из трех предложений то, которое содержит бессоюзное присоединение придаточного предложения{
=The output of an agricultural commodity this year depends on decisions the farmer made last year
~There are not enough resources to produce sufficient quantities of commodities to satisfy human needs
~The central economic problem for society is how to reconcile demand for goods and services and the resources which can be allocated for the production of these goods and services}
Выберите из трех предложений то, которое содержит бессоюзное подчинение придаточного предложения{
=Armed with this basic data you are now ready to get the software you need
~There are plenty of things that the authorities must do before serious negotiations can begin
~A peak moment was when the agreement was signed in August}
Выберите из трех предложений то, которое содержит бессоюзное подчинение придаточного предложения{
=This is exactly the kind of product they excel at
~It is impossible for companies hit by fraud to keep it secret
~Quality assurance programs run by manufacturers range from excellent to nonexistent}
Выберите из трех предложений то, которое содержит бессоюзное подчинение придаточного предложения{
=The fact he is against the merger does not rule it out
~The railway strike caused many workers in other trades to be idle
~One-fifth of the population is known to be gardeners}
Выберите из трех предложений то, которое содержит бессоюзное подчинение придаточного предложения{
=You don’t have to talk to everybody in the group you want to poll
~A distrust of projects that are too simple is important
~Optimum planning enables a firm to arrive at the best possible deployment of its resources}
Тема 48 Проверка усвоения лексики нейтрального научного стиля
In law, nuisance is an act that has no legal justification and that interferes with the safety or comfort of other people. Public nuisances, those that are injurious to the community, may be prosecuted as crimes.
Choose the word or phrase that completes the sentence that follows it.
A public nuisance is{
~protective law
=an injurious act
~a legal justification
~a safety precaution}
Waste that has been made useful is said to have been recycled. Empty bottles can be returned and used again. Other things that can be recycled are paper, plastic, and metals. Besides the aesthetic value of recycling, there are many environmental reasons to do so.
Choose the word or phrase that completes the sentence that follows it.
Recycled material is{
~strewn garbage
~common waste materials
~paper, glass, and coffee
=reused waste}
17th century attempts to preserve anatomical specimens brought about modern techniques of embalming, the preservation of the body tissue after death by artificial chemical means. The most common agent used today is formaldehyde, which is infused to replace the body fluids.
Choose the word or phrase that completes the sentence that follows it.
Embalming is{
~death by a chemical means
=the preservation of the body tissue
~a common agent related to formaldehyde
~the replacement of body fluids}
At the age of 19, Galileo has discovered isochronism – the principle in which oscillation of pendulum takes the same time despite changes in amplitude.
Choose the word or phrase that completes the sentence that follows it.
Isochronism is{
=a principle
~an oscillation
~a pendulum
~an amplitude}
The nervous system of an insect is not a simple electrical circuit. When a signal gets to one end of a nerve cell, the cell sprays various molecules out for the next cell to pick up. The central nervous system of grass hoppers, fruit flies, and other insects includes both the brain and the chain of simplier segmental ganglia, or groups of nerve cells.
Choose the word or phrase that completes the sentence that follows it.
Ganglia are{
~nervous system
~electrical circuit
=groups of nerve cells
~the molecules the cells sent out}
Much can be done to halt the process of desertification. For example, an asphalt-like petroleum can be sprayed onto sand dunes, and seeds of trees and shrubs can then be planted. The oil stabilizes the sand and retains moisture, allowing vegetation to become established where the desert had previously taken over.
Choose the word or phrase that completes the sentence that follows it.
Desertification is the{
~spraying of oil onto sand dunes
~planting trees and shrubs
~vegetation becoming established
=desert taking over a fertile area}
How complicated the preparations for a camping trip are depends on the duration of the trip as well as the isolation of the area in which the camper intends to be. If a camper intends to stay at one of the new commercial campsites, most needs are provided for. However, for outdoor enthusiasts who want to get far from civilization, choosing camping paraphernalia such as tents, sleeping bags, cooking implements, and other supplies should be done with care.
Choose the word or phrase that completes the sentence that follows it.
Paraphernalia is{
=equipment
~food supplies
~sleeping bags
~campsites}
The coyote resembles a medium-sized dog with a pointed face, thick fur, and a black-tipped, bushy tail. Although its main diet consists of rabbit and other rodents, it is considered dangerous to livestock. Consequently, thousands of coyotes are killed yearly. In recent years, nonlethal techniques, those that do not kill coyotes, have been developed to protect sheep and other livestock while allowing the coyote to remain in the wild.
Choose the word or phrase that completes the sentence that follows it.
Nonlethal techniques are those that{
~are dangerous to livestock
~injure thousands of coyotes yearly
~allow livestock to live wild in the world
=are not deadly to wild animals}
At least 50 different weed species fight off competitors by emitting toxins from their roots, seeds, or leaves. These poisons do their work in a variety of ways, such as inhibiting germination of seeds and destroying photosynthesis abilities.
Choose the letter of the word or phrase that completes the sentence that follows it.
Toxins are{
~roots
~leaves
~seeds
=poisons}
While the methods used at other learning institutions are based on the theory that children need a teacher, the Montessori method is based on the theory that a child will learn naturally if placed in an environment rich in learning materials. These materials are suited to children’s abilities and interests, and learning takes place as the child plays. Children following this method are autodidactic, and only when child needs help does the teacher step in.
Choose the word or phrase that completes the sentence that follows it.
Autodidactic is{
~playful
=self-taught
~able to learn
~dependent on teachers}
The much larger hull of the multidecked round ship allowed to carry more supplies, more men, more guns, and more sails, all of which were necessary for long voyages of commerce and discovery.
Choose the word or phrase that completes the sentence that follows it. A hull is{
=storage place
~deck
~kind of sail
~type of commerce}
Vitamin D is called the sunshine vitamin because it is absorbed through bare skin. The body uses it to form strong bones, and therefore, it is essential for growing children. People who are not exposed to the sun can become deficient in vitamin D and may develop the bone disease rickets.
Choose the word or phrase that completes the sentence that follows it.
Deficient is{
~overexposed
~infected
=lacking
~improved}
The horse has played a little-known but very important role in the field of medicine. Horses were injected with toxins of diseases until their blood build up immunities. Then a serum was made from their blood. Serums to fight both diphtheria and tetanus were developed in this way.
The word “serum” is closest in meaning to{
~ointment
=antitoxin
~blood
~acid}
The incorporation of broken-down scarp tires into asphalt to produce a blend suitable for construction of road surfaces is becoming widespread. The resulting material, asphalt-rubber, has several advantages over customary road-building materials. It can be applied in a reduced thickness, and this means that less material has to be mined and transported to the road site. Furthermore, roads constructed with this material require less maintenance than more conventional roads. Another benefit is the abatement of traffic noise, a serious issue in urban areas. Perhaps most important, the reduction and possible eventual elimination of waste tires with all their attendant environmental problems may one day become a reality.
The word “scarp” is closest in meaning to{
=waste
~outdated
~rough
~broken}
The incorporation of broken-down scarp tires into asphalt to produce a blend suitable for construction of road surfaces is becoming widespread. The resulting material, asphalt-rubber, has several advantages over customary road-building materials. It can be applied in a reduced thickness, and this means that less material has to be mined and transported to the road site. Furthermore, roads constructed with this material require less maintenance than more conventional roads. Another benefit is the abatement of traffic noise, a serious issue in urban areas. Perhaps most important, the reduction and possible eventual elimination of waste tires with all their attendant environmental problems may one day become a reality.
The word “elimination” is closest in meaning to{
~revision
~fulfillment
~reduction
=eradication}
The incorporation of broken-down scarp tires into asphalt to produce a blend suitable for construction of road surfaces is becoming widespread. The resulting material, asphalt-rubber, has several advantages over customary road-building materials. It can be applied in a reduced thickness, and this means that less material has to be mined and transported to the road site. Furthermore, roads constructed with this material require less maintenance than more conventional roads. Another benefit is the abatement of traffic noise, a serious issue in urban areas. Perhaps most important, the reduction and possible eventual elimination of waste tires with all their attendant environmental problems may one day become a reality.
In stating “Another benefit is the abatement of traffic noise”, the author means that the traffic noise has{
=subsided
~become beneficial
~become a serious issue
~benefited from the constriction}
Although originally formed to prevent illegal trade in whiskey, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, or “Mounties” as they are informally called, now enforce all federal laws throughout Canada. Their diverse duties also include participating in peacekeeping efforts and supplying expertise in areas like forensics to Canadian and international police forces. About 1,000 members of the force are assigned exclusively to the task of controlling the spread of illicit drugs.
In stating “About 1,000 members of the force are assigned exclusively to the task of controlling the spread of illicit drugs” the author means that these members{
=deal only with work involving drug control
~are excluded from the task force assigned to drug control
~work with those who are assigned to the task of drug control
~are assigned all law enforcement tasks excluding that of drug control}
Astronomers have recently gained new knowledge of the behavior of galaxies. It has been discovered that spiral galaxies sometimes collide with each other. The huge forces created in such a cosmic event can tug long trails of stars and create new ones from compressed gases. After repeated collisions, galaxies may eventually merge, forming a single elliptical shape. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is on a collision course with the nearby Andromeda Galaxy. Hundreds of millions of years from now, these tow star systems may combine to form one giant configuration.
In stating that “the Milky Way is on a collision course” the author means that{
~the Milky Way is going to crash into our own galaxy
=the Milky Way is heading toward the Andromeda Galaxy
~the Milky Way is the result of an impact that created one giant configuration
~the Milky Way will crash into two star systems in hundreds of millions of years}
Christmas Island, discovered by Captain James Cook on Christmas Eve in 1777, was once populated by a wide variety of bird species. In recent years, at least 18 species of birds – a total of 17 million birds – have been observed to leave or to perish on the island. It is suspected that the cause of the disappearance may be related to a cyclical weather phenomenon in the Pacific that alerts winds, salinity, and ocean currents. These variously repeating conditions have resulted in higher water temperatures, which may have caused the fish and squid that the birds live on to die.
In stating that “the cause of the disappearance may be related to a cyclical weather phenomenon” the author means that the cause is related to{
~hurricanes and cyclones
=recurring climatic conditions
~a succession of environmental patterns
~a combination of wind, salt, and ocean currents}
The historic centers of the American sister cities Savannah, Georgia, and Charleston, South Carolina, have fortunately been saved from demolition or neglect and now attract tourists eager to view the gracious old houses. Of particular interest for the visitor is the exquisite decorative ironwork found throughout the older parts of both cities, especially on porch and stair railings and banisters.
In stating that “The historic centers of the American sister cities… have fortunately been saved from demolition” the author means that the city centers have{
=been kept intact
~remained neglected
~been elegantly restored
~saved the tourist industry}
Differences in the way men and women process language is of special interest to brain researches. It has been known that aphasia – a kind of a speech disorder – is more common in men than in women when left side of the brain is damaged in an accident or after a stroke. However, women are more likely than men to suffer aphasia when the front part of the brain is damaged. This clearly indicates that the brains of men and women are organized differently in the way they process speech.
The word “they” in the passage refers to{
~men
~women
=brains
~researches}
Traditionally, America’s fast-food companies have hired teenagers. While teenagers provide cheap labor, they are sometimes unreliable. Consequently, fast-food companies often use another source of cheap labor – the elderly. Older people are less likely to skip a day work or quit without giving a notice, but because they have not been brought up with computers, they view the high-tech fast-food counter with terror. Training centers have opened in order to teach “mature workers” how to operate computerized cash registers. These students are put into classrooms with their peers and, since mental arithmetic is a thing of the past, are taught how to use a calculator.
The phrase “These students” in the passage refers to{
~teenagers
~fast-food employers
=the elderly
~peers}
Complete the sentence by choosing the phrase or clause that would most likely to complete it
Children dress up in witches’ hats or ghost costumes to play pranks when celebrating the fun October holiday of Halloween. In contrast,{
~Thanksgiving is a traditional holiday
~Thanksgiving is always celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November
=families dress more formally and set elegant tables for the more serious occasion of Thanksgiving
~children enjoy Thanksgiving}
Complete the sentence by choosing the phrase or clause that would most likely to complete it
Everything from chairs and fishing poles to rope and paper can be made from bamboo. Equally important,{
~this giant grass grows in warm climates
~fresh spring bamboo shoots take longer to cook than winter ones
=a variety of food can be made from this giant grass
~preserved bamboo shoots can be used in soups instead of fresh ones}
Complete the sentence by choosing the phrase or clause that would most likely to complete it
Glass was precious to Egyptians, who used it interchangeably with gemstones, but{
~it is over 4,000 years old
~its novelty as an artist’s material prevents its being taken seriously
~today it has come out of factories and into the workshops
=today it is so commonplace that it is seldom given a second thought}
2 часть экзамена - ТЕКСТЫ
1. Even in a bad economy, one truth about marketing stands: you have to spend more to make more. When business drops off, many entrepreneurs listen to their accountant's advice and cut back on advertising and promotion. That's the worst thing you can do. When times get tough, your job is to promote more, not less.
Promotion is a six-week cycle. That means if the company promotes today, business increases six weeks later. Many businesses violate the six-week cycle. They promote for, say, four weeks, and because nothing happens, they stop. Two weeks later, there's a sudden increase in business. For four weeks, business remains strong. Then, just as suddenly, business drops off, because six weeks earlier, the entrepreneur had stopped promoting.
It is very important to never stop promoting: promote whether the economy is strong or weak; promote even when you may not have the money. If you have no money, stand on a street corner at lunchtime with a sign hanging around your neck promoting your product or service. Not only will you meet new customers, but you might also save money on lunch, lose some weight and get a suntan.
Obviously, it takes more than just promotion to do well. To be successful, a business also requires strong fundamentals and a desirable product or service. During tough economic times, though, even some good businesses fail; some businesses shrink and others grow. When a business closes, its customers migrate to the business that fights hard and stays open. Businesses that promote while others cut their ad budgets have a better chance of getting bigger even if the economy is shrinking.
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации}
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации }
Businesses should always be engaged in promotion{
=3
~1
~4
~2}
The way the promotion cycle is organized{
=2
~1
~4
~3}
=It gives them a chance to have the place in the market
~They will have a desirable product
~They will have loyal customers
~It will bring them profit}
~When the economy is shriking there should be no advertising
~Promotion has a six-week cycle
~If you have a good business there is no need to promote it
=Promotion and advertising is an essential element of any business}
2. All too often, day-to-day responsibilities get in the way of making a business more successful. In today’s highly competitive, ever-changing world market, small to midsize manufacturers that want to continue their success need to do more than just build a product and hope people will come. They need to utilize advanced technologies and good business practices, such as market assessments. Manufacturers need to revaluate their marketing efforts, groom customer lists, and revisit old customers to see about new projects.
Manufacturers Resource Center, a nonprofit organization created to help small and midsize manufacturers grow and remain competitive, recommends an independent market assessment. According to MRC, a market assessment is not just for challenging times; manufacturers should look at doing an assessment on a frequent and ongoing basis to open their eyes to opportunities for growth.
MRC, which is affiliated with Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, conducts its research in three segments. They interview management team members independently about the company’s core competencies, strengths, and weaknesses, in many cases learning what one team member would never share with another. The consultants then interview trusted advisors such as the corporate lawyer or accountant or even family members who influence corporate decisions. In the second segment, the consultants interview the manufacturers’ current customers, former customers, and customers it wants to secure. The third segment focuses on secondary database research.
With this information, the MRC consultants look for common points of alignment, for opportunities that match up with the manufacturer’s core competencies. Then the consultants provide recommendations to help the manufacturers discover new opportunities, in new markets, sales distribution, and existing or new product lines. An outside, third-party assessment can quickly pay for itself by helping manufacturers keep to a successful path.
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации}
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации}
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации }
~3
~1
=4
~2}
MRC is associated with one of the Higher Educational Istitutions in Pensilvania{
~2
~1
~4
=3}
~To help the manufacturers to split profits
~To provide the government with the information on financial affairs of the small and midsize businesses
=To help manufactures to understand the importance of market assessment
~To help manufacturers to set new products lines}
~There are three basic issues of the marketing research
=Every manufacturer must understand the importance of making ongoing market assessment
~The MRC consultants undertake new projects
~In this fast changing world manufactures want to continue their success}
3. Brand is a collection of images and ideas that represents a business. When we see a logo, slogan or design and we know immediately what the product is, then the branding is successful. The slogan should be short, a maximum of six words, and easy to understand. We instantly associate the product with ideas such as quality, reliability or performance.
Companies have to identify the qualities associated with their product. They find a name linked to the identity and design a logo and slogan. Packaging is extremely important for communicating brand identity and they must create a marketing strategy and advertisements.
In many cases a brand is the same as a manufacturer, for example GAP or L’OREAL. In other cases the brand is the name of a product e.g. Crest – not a manufacturer. The first case allows the company to promote different products. Some companies, such as Coca Cola or Mc Donald’s, have an international brand, built up over many years. Their message is the same for every product and in every market around the world.
Most branded goods are expensive, so stores’ own brand goods can compete by offering a lower price. Smaller firms make clones of branded products such as computers and clothes. And there is an illegal global trade in pirated copies of branded goods such as DVDs. Negative information about a company, such as unethical behavior, can have a devastating impact on the brand.
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации}
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации}
~3
~1
~4
=2}
Branded goods and their clones{
~2
~1
=4
~3}
~Packaging and advertisement
=Quality,reliability and performance
~A manufacturer
~A consumer}
~Nowadays an illegal trade in pirated copies of branded goods is increasing rapidly
=Different sorts of branding and the best way to brand
~Marketing strategy and advertisement of products
~The most successful brand names}
4. 1998 was undoubtedly the year of the merger. More companies than ever before joined together in deals that totaled $2.25 trillion and created the world's largest ever bank and the world's biggest oil company. Faced with plummeting oil prices, oil giants Exxon and Mobil sought to achieve economies of scale through a $250bn merger.
There are several factors behind the increase in mergers and acquisitions. Firstly, the accelerated rate of globalisation has left companies desperately seeking overseas acquisitions in order to remain competitive. Another factor behind the increase in merger activity is the record performance of stock markets, which has enabled companies to finance major acquisitions on the strength of their inflated share prices.
Not all mergers, however, are the result of global economic trends, political change or technological innovation. BMW's takeover of the Rover Group injected much needed investment into the struggling UK car manufacturer whilst extending BMW's product range. And when the UK pharmaceutical firm Zeneca merged with Swedish drug company Astra, the new company started life with strong combined R&D capabilities, further strengthened by the world's best selling drug Losec in its portfolio of products.
Despite all these potential benefits and their promise of competitive advantage, mergers and acquisitions are not risk-free ventures. Such alliances are more than just financial agreements; they also involve the coming together of different corporate and, in many cases, national cultures. This can have a destabilising effect on a workforce and may mean projected efficiencies are not delivered. A further destabilising effect is the prospect of redundancies.
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации}
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации}
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации }
~3
~1
~4
=2}
The company may merge with another one to increase its product range{
~2
~1
~4
=3}
~Bad performance of the stock market
~Decreased competitiveness
~Economy of scale
=Problems with corporate and national cultures and redundancies}
~In most cases mergers and takeovers are initiated by changes inside the company
~The largest takeovers and mergers of the 20th century
=Mergers and takeovers are contradictory phenomena with their pros and cons
~Mergers and takeovers are the result of global economic trends , political change or technological innovation}
5. Many businesses as well as political organizations are international, that is to say their activities cover several countries, rather than just one. International business organizations which operate in many countries are called ‘multinationals’. A multinational is a parent company with branches or subsidiaries in several countries. It arranges its production, finance and commercial operations in an international way. For example, multinationals can switch production or new projects away from one country which has strong trade unions and a bad history of industrial relations, to another country in which they operate and which may have weaker trade unions.
The operations of multinationals are often harmful to the economic independence of countries in which they have subsidiaries. Some of them are very large, especially in the oil and motor-car industries. Moreover, their activities are very difficult to control and can cause great economic problems to economies which, in some cases, they dominate. They do, however, have vast financial resources and are able to achieve the economies of large-scale production.
Multinationals are a relatively recent phenomenon, and so are international political and economic organizations. In fact, they really began with the end of the Second World War. In 1944 the representatives of many nations gathered to consider solutions to the economic problems which had existed before the war – unstable and limited international trade. The meeting, the Bretton Woods Conference, led to the creation of the International Monetary Fund. The object was to achieve international economic stability, international monetary cooperation, the stabilization of exchange rates and the expansion of world trade.
The IMF operates by lending funds to member countries which have balance of payments difficulties so that they can stabilize their exchange rates. Each of its members pays into a fund in proportion to the importance of international trade in its economy. Members can borrow from the fund. However, there is a limit to the size of the loan and the period of time in which the loans, dictating the way in which the country should attempt to manage its economy.
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации}
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации }
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Unstable and limited international trade was the reason of the International Monetary Fund creation{
=3
~1
~4
~2}
The aim of any multinational is to arrange its production, finance and commercial operations in an international way{
~2
=1
~4
~3}
~To provide economic independence of member countries
~To limit commercial activity of some foreign countries
~To advise the ways in which the country should develop the agriculture and oil production
=To achieve international economic stability, international monetary cooperation and stabilization of exchange rates}
~The creation of the International Monetary Fund was the necessity after the Second World War
~The possibilities of borrowing from the IMF by its member countries
~Multinationals are created to have vast financial resources and are able to achieve the economies of large-scale production
=The role of multinationals in the economies of the countries and international economic stability}
6. Demand is the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy at any price. Other things equal, at low prices the demanded quantity is higher. Supply is the quantity of a good that sellers wish to sell at any price. Other things equal, when prices are high, the supplied quantity is high as well.
The market is in equilibrium when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers. When prices are not so high as the equilibrium price, there is excess demand (shortage) raising the price. At prices above the equilibrium price, there is excess supply (surplus) reducing the price.
There are some factors influencing demand for a product, such as the prices of other goods, consumer incomes and some others. As consumer income is increased, demand for a normal product will also increase but demand for an inferior one will decrease. A normal product is a one for which demand increases when incomes rise. An inferior product is a one for which demand falls when incomes rise.
As to supply, some factors are assumed as constant. Among them are technology, the input price, as well as degree of government regulation. An improvement in technology is as important for increasing the supplied quantity of a good as a reduction in input prices. Government regulates demand and supply, imposing ceiling prices (maximum prices) and floor prices (minimum prices) and adding its own demand to the demand of the private sector.
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации }
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
=3
~1
~4
~2}
=2
~1
~4
~3}
=The highest possible price for something
~A price that includes all charges, for example packaging and transportation costs
~The lowest price a particular product can be sold for
~The price the product is bought by consumers}
~Factos that determine a consumer’s demand
~Governmental regulation of demand and supply
=Demand and supply and their interdependence
~Market regulation of supply and demand }
7. Inflation is a steady rise in the average price and wage level. The rise in wages being high enough to raise costs of production, prices grow further resulting in a higher rate of inflation and, finally, in an inflationary spiral. Periods when inflation rates are very large are referred to as hyperinflation.
The causes of inflation are rather complicated, and there is a number of theories explaining them. Monetarists, such as Milton Friedman, say that inflation is caused by too rapid increase in money supply and the corresponding excess demand for goods. Therefore, monetarists consider due government control of money supply to be able to restrict inflation rates. They also believe the high rate of unemployment to be likely to restrain claims for higher wages. People having jobs accept the wages they are being paid, the inflationary spiral being kept under control. This situation also accounts for rather slow increase in aggregate demand.
On the other hand, Keynesians, that is, economists following the theory of John Maynard Keynes, suppose inflation to be due to processes occurring in money circulation. They say that low inflation and unemployment rates can be ensured by adopting a tight incomes policy.
The longer inflation continues, the more the economy learns to live with it. Indexation is a means to reduce the costs of some inflation effects. Indexed wages or loans mean that the amount to be paid or repaid will rise with price level. Indexation has already been introduced in countries that had to live with inflation rates of 30 or 40 percent for years. And the more countries adjust their economies to cope with inflation, the closer they come to hyperinflation. Indexation means that high rates of inflation are much more likely to continue and even to increase.
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации }
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
~3
~1
~4
=2}
~2
~1
=4
~3}
=A rapid increase in money supply and the excess demand for goods
~Processes occurring in money circulation
~The high rate of unemployment
~A rapid increase in money supply and the excess supply for goods}
~The ways to adjust to inflation
~Different approaches control prices
=Inflation and the ways to cope with it
~The causes of inflation}
8. Many people argue that globalization has served to bring the world closer together creating a more cooperative environment. The impact of new Information and Communication Technologies has changed the way people learn, work and live. Despite these advantages, the reality is that many people work hard and are underpaid for their labor. The current form of globalization primarily serves the interests of powerful nations and corporations who shape the terms of world trade. Many factory workers and field laborers are exploited by large companies and paid pennies for products that are sold for large profits.
Globalization has opened new possibilities for both employers and job seekers. One off-shoot of this is the practice of outsourcing jobs (hiring lower-paid service workers in foreign countries to do work previously done by higher-paid workers) has been a contentious issue in high-income countries, especially the United States. Many American citizens dispute this industry trend because it takes away jobs for Americans, while others dispute it for the ethical implications of exploiting overseas workers. But even in high-income countries like the United States, millions of workers earn minimum wage at full-time jobs and still cannot afford basic necessities. And when people are forced to work for low wages in poor working conditions, workplace safety and health is severely compromised.
Another facet of this phenomenon is the need for creation of sustainable livelihoods which has become an important factor in the present day world, especially in developing countries and among disadvantaged populations. Sustaining the progress calls for an explicit consideration of future generations. Youth will inherit many of the environmental, economic and social problems created over the past decades and incorporating their opinions and concerns into policies at all levels is critical for a country’s progress.
Globalisation also stands as a major cause for unequitable distribution of Resources. Women and children are the major sufferers and are the most economically disadvantaged of all groups. Women’s work makes up a large component of the informal economy – work that does not receive compensation, but that is integral to a functioning economy. The Millennium Development Goals (UN campaign to eliminate extreme poverty by 2015) is an international response to improve economic and social conditions including access to early education, gender equality, sustainable development, and extreme poverty.
Определите, является ли утверждение « Nowadays globalization serves mainly in the interests of powerful nations and corporations»:{
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение « Outsourcing jobs is an approved issue in high-income countries»:{
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение « Elderly people are the most economically disadvantaged of all groups »:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации}
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: Many workers are underpaid for their labour {
~3
=1
~4
~2}
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: Globalisation introduced new opportunities for both employers and job seekers{
=2
~1
~4
~3}
Ответьте на вопрос: What is outsourcing?{
=Hiring lower-paid service workers in foreign countries to do work previously done by higher-paid workers
~Hiring higher-paid service workers in foreign countries to do work previously done by lower-paid workers
~Providing physically and economically disadvantaged people with a job
~Hiring blue-collar workers to do the job}
Определите основную идею текста.{
~It is not ethical to exploit overseas workers
~Women and childrenare the major suffers from globalization most
~Globalization creates a more cooperative environment
=The role of globalization in the world economy}
9. One of the most important concepts in sales management and marketing is product life cycle. This is a historical record of the life of a product, showing the stage the product has reached at a particular time. By identifying the stage that a product is, companies can formulate better marketing plans. All products have ‘lives’ where they are created, sold with varying profitability over a period of time, and then in the end are replaced or simply no longer produced. A product’s sales position and profitability can fluctuate over time. So, at each stage in the product’s cycle, it is necessary to adopt different tactics.
The two main features of the product life cycle are unit sales and unit profit. The unit sales figures usually jump on introduction. This is generally followed by a leveling off – the length of this period depends on the use to which the product is put. Then, unit sales rise steadily through the growth phase to the maturity phase, and so on to saturation level. Eventually, the product’s sales decline when better versions enter the market and competition becomes too strong.
Most firms know what happened to their products from launch to withdrawal. They can get this information from the records of unit sales. Unfortunately, unit sales are not the complete story and the decisive factor is the unit profit. At launch, the product is accurately priced on the basis of production costs plus selling costs. When a competitor appears, the original firm has to respond to similar products in order to maintain its market position. It can run special sales promotions or sales. Often extra expenditures are not accurately charged to the product. The result is that, long before unit sales are noticeably falling, the unit profit has already fallen.
The product life cycle presents a picture of what happened in the product’s ‘lifetime’ and how can this help management decision-making. Every sales manager has a chart on which the progress of sales is marked and this can be used as a guide to the stage of development each product is currently in. An essential management skill is to be able to interpret sales results and to decide where each stage begins and ends.
Определите, является ли утверждение « product life cycle can help the company to make up marketing plans»:{
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение « Production costs are accurately charged at all stages of product life cycle»:{
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение « Lots of companies need to improve their sales concepts »:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации }
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: The sales approach should change with each phase of the product life cycle{
~3
~1
=4
~2}
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: Unit sales are not enough to calculate profit level{
~2
~1
~4
=3}
Ответьте на вопрос: Why should every sales manager review the chart regulary?{
~Managers should review policy when a sharp fall in sales is indicated
=Managers can see where one phase finishes and another begines
~Managers may see the company’s market position
~Managers should get confirmation of the data they observe on the sales charts}
Определите основную идею текста.{
=The ability to interpret product’s life cycle correctly can enable managers to develop efficient marketing strategies
~The two main features of the product life cycle are unit sales and unit profit
~Marketing mix includes product price, place and promotion
~A good marketing strategy means taking into account both profit information and sales statistics}
10. The amount of money sent home by migrant workers to their families in Latin America has reached more than $62bn. According to the Inter-American Investment Bank, the figure could reach $100bn in four years' time.
Money from migrant workers now exceeds the combined total of all direct foreign investment and foreign aid to Latin America - sixty-two-point-three billion dollars. Twenty-three billion dollars of that was sent back to Mexico, mostly from workers living in the United States. It now ranks along with oil and tourism as Mexico's biggest foreign currency earner.
The Inter-American Development Bank, which supports the region with aid and other help, says the remittances, as they're known, will increase by about fifteen percent a year during the next four years, topping one-hundred billion dollars by 2010. The bank describes the money as a very effective poverty reduction programme because it keeps between eight and ten million families above the poverty line. But it says it also means the economies of the region are not generating enough jobs to keep workers from leaving in the first place.
Another problem is that as much of the money is sent back in small amounts, it's difficult to track. The average is between a hundred and a hundred-and-fifty dollars a month. That in turn makes it an unpredictable source of revenue for governments to tap into. The bank says it wants people to get away from what it calls cash to cash flows and into account to account transfers but the bank says the recent crackdown on illegal immigrants by the American authorities could hinder efforts to get migrants to use banks.
Определите, является ли утверждение « In Mexico, more money comes from migrants who are working abroad than from the oil and tourisim industries»:{
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации}
Определите, является ли утверждение « The amount of money sent home by migrant workers will go up the next years»:{
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение « Due to the illegal status immigrants are underpaid »:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации }
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: Many local economies fail to create enough work for their populations{
=3
~1
~4
~2}
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: It is difficult for the governments to identify and use the money that people send home{
~2
~1
=4
~3}
Ответьте на вопрос: What does International American Development Bank think about migrants remitrances?{
~It is a legal way of transferring money.
~It is the way to control banks revenue.
=It is an instrument to reduce poverty in Mexico.
~It is a source of profit for US.}
Определите основную идею текста.{
=Money coming from migrants is one of the sources to replenish the Mexican state treasury
~The amount of foreign investment and aid coming Latin America has to be increased
~Illegal immigration is crucial political issue now days
~It is poverty in Mexico that makes people break the law}
Задача 11. Oil and the Economy
Some of the largest economic fluctuations in the U.S. economy have originated in the oil fields of the Middle East. Crude oil is a key input into the production of many goods and services, and much of the world's oil comes from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and other Middle Eastern countries. When some event (usually political in origin) reduces the supply of crude oil flowing from this region, the price of oil rises around the world. U.S. firms that produce gasoline, tires, and many other products experience rising costs.
The first episode of this sort occurred in the mid-1970s. The countries with large oil reserves got together as members of OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. OPEC was a cartel—a group of sellers that attempts to prevent competition and reduce production in order to raise prices. And, indeed, oil prices rose substantially. From 1973 to 1975, oil approximately doubled in price. Oil importing countries around the world experienced simultaneous inflation and recession. In the United States, the inflation rate exceeded 10 percent for the first time in decades. Unemployment rose from 4.9 percent in 1973 to 8.5 percent in 1975.
Almost the same thing happened again a few years later. In the late 1970s, the OPEC countries again restricted the supply of oil in order to raise the price. From 1978 to 1981, the price of oil more than doubled. Once again, the result was stagflation. Inflation, which had subsided somewhat after the first OPEC event, again rose above 10 percent per year. Unemployment rose from about 6 percent in 1978 and 1979 to about 10 percent a few years later.
The world market for oil can also be a source of favorable shifts in aggregate supply. In 1986 the disagreement took place among members of OPEC. Member countries refused to restrict oil production. In the world market for crude oil, prices fell by about half. This fall in oil prices reduced costs to U.S. firms. As a result, the U.S. economy experienced the opposite of stagflation: output grew rapidly, unemployment fell, and the inflation rate reached its lowest level in many years.
Определите, является ли утверждение « Some US industries are affected by oil prices»:{
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение « When the supply of crude oil decreases, oil prices decline»:{
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение « The oil prices have significant impact on the work of the stock exchange »:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации }
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: Oil exporting countries joined together to keep oil prices high{
~3
~1
~4
=2}
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: Disputes among OPEC countries can cause decline of oil prices{
~2
~1
=4
~3}
Ответьте на вопрос: What can oil price rise bring about?{
=Oil importing countries face unemployment and inflation
~Output of oil importing countries grows
~Strategic industries of oil importing countries are subsidized
~Oil production in oil exporting countries is restricted}
Определите основную идею текста.{
=Oil prices influence the economy of the USA
~When the economy is shrinking,oil prices double
~Only several countries in the world determine oil price policy
~The USA is the greatest economy of the world}
Задача 12. Talking about my generation.
Do you think you are an individualist? That no one else is quite like you? Well, you may be in for a surprise. You’ll find that market researchers and trend spotters have been studying your generation’s habits and they have given it a name! If you were born last century between 1978 and 2000 then you belong to Generation Y. You are addicted to all technological things.
Marketers have been identifying groups of people for a long time. The first generation to get a name was the “baby boomers” born in the 1950s, and Generation X, born between 1960 and 1980. And the term Yuppie (young urban professional) appeared in the 1980s to describe a generation of high earning young people who liked to spend money.
So what is Generation Y like? We asked university student, Lauren, “What have you been doing this afternoon?” She replied, “I’ve been doing a quiz online for my coursework in advertising, I’ve been writing to classmates on a message board and I’ve been downloading some new music. But at the same time I’ve also been watching my favorite soap, and keeping up with my text messages, so I know where to meet my friends later”. Lauren is part of a new digital generation which experts have recently called the MySpace generation. They chat together in a huge virtual world on site such as MySpace. They learn about new music from the Net rather than from magazines, TV or shops. For Generation Y there is no real distinction between online and real world interactions. They enjoy socializing on the net as much as face to face. And they multitask on a variety of media at the same time, like Lauren.
Generation Y prefers to find out about things on the Internet. The pop group Arctic Monkeys became famous before they released an album through online file sharing. Even before songs were released officially, fans sang along with the songs at concerts! Big companies are worried by this trend. They use the blog site YPulse, which does market research, to get updates about the most popular websites. And multinationals such as Apple and Coca-Cola are now trying to reach the MySpace generation through a very old technique – word of mouth.
Определите, является ли утверждение « Generation Y likes to find out about the things through a very old technique-word of mouth»:{
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение « Generation Y usually doesn’t differ an online world from a real one »:{
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение « Generation X prefers surfing the net rather than doing home tasks »:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации }
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: Doing two or more things at the same time{
=3
~1
~4
~2}
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: The way big companies try to reach Generation Y{
~2
~1
=4
~3 }
Ответьте на вопрос: What are the names given to the generation born between 1978 and 2000? {
~The “baby boomers”, Generation Y, MySpace
~Yuppie,MySpace,Arctic Monkeys
~YPulse,Yuppie, Generation Y
=Generation Y, Yuppie, MySpace}
Определите основную идею текста.{
~The difference between generations of the past and today’s ones
~Generation Y’s addiction to the technological world
~Generation Y’s likes and dislikes
=Generation Y’s way of life}
Задача 13. Employment in manufacturing industry
Factory owners have been adding jobs slowly but steadily since the beginning of the year, giving a lift to the fragile economic recovery. And because they laid off so many workers — more than two million since the end of 2007 — manufacturers now have a vast pool of people to choose from. Yet some of these employers complain that they cannot fill their openings. Plenty of people are applying for the jobs. The problem, the companies say, is a mismatch between the kind of skilled workers needed and the ranks of the unemployed.
Manufacturers who want to expand find that hiring is not always easy. During the recession, domestic manufacturers appear to have accelerated the long-term move toward greater automation, laying off more of their lowest-skilled workers and replacing them with cheaper labor abroad. Now they are looking to hire people who can operate sophisticated computerized machinery, follow complex blueprints and demonstrate higher math proficiency than was previously required of the typical assembly line worker. Makers of innovative products like advanced medical devices and wind turbines are among those growing quickly and looking to hire, and they too need higher skills. But the problem is the people that are out of work just don’t match the types of jobs that are here, open and growing.
A number of manufacturers say that even if demand surges, they will never bring back many of the lower-skilled jobs, and that training is not yet delivering the skilled employees they need. Employers say they are looking for aptitude as much as specific skills. They are trying to find people with the right mindset and intelligence. A significant portion of applicants fail tests and companies are disappointed by the quality of graduates from training programs.
Employers are worried that the skills shortage now will be exacerbated once baby boomers start retiring. About 30 percent of manufacturing workers will be eligible for retirement by 2016.
Определите, является ли утверждение « There are a lot of applicants for manufacturers to choose from»:{
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение « Employers try to hire cheap labor locally»:{
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение « Manufacturers say they have changed the way they pay workers »:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации }
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: Graduates have unsatisfactory skills and training{
=3
~1
~4
~2}
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: The deficit of skilled workers will continue to grow.{
~2
~1
=4
~3}
Ответьте на вопрос: why do some of the manufacturers complain that they cannot find workers for empty positions(vacancies){
=They need high-skilled workers who can perform sophisticated job
~Manufacturers constantly expand their production and there is a shortage of workers
~They laid off too many people in the past and now the workers do not want to work for them
~Most of manufacturers’ employees require early retirement}
Определите основную идею текста.{
=Employers find skills shortage in manufacturing industry
~Bright future for manufacturing industry
~Problems of training good specialists for manufacturing industry
~The move of manufacturing industry towards automation}
Задача 14. Inspirational leadership
Firstly, good leaders have to be trustworthy and honest – they earn respect by being fair. Secondly, they must really like people and be good at communicating – they need to have emotional intelligence and be able to listen to their staff.
Good leaders are committed to excellence and believe that their staff can deliver it. They must be enthusiastic so that they become a source of inspiration, and calm in a crisis. They work as a part of the team, and encourage all their staff to work towards the same goal, asking their employees’ opinions and actively involving them. However, good leaders must be confident about their decisions – it is difficult to follow someone who seems unsure. And they must also be able to take risks without being afraid.
Good leaders give their staff the freedom to make their own decisions, but also create a sense of structure and order. They are good at delegating. They praise people’s achievements - this is essential to getting good results and motivating people. Staff enjoy what they are doing, and are willing to do extra to make the company a success.
Bill Gates believes that leaders have to develop their staff so the staff do their jobs better than their managers. This can be threatening for managers, but gets great results. A leading basketball coach, Pat Summit, advises, ‘See in others more than they see in themselves. Your job as a manager is to identify the potential of others and make sure they fulfil it.’
Определите, является ли утверждение « Good leaders should never praise their employees for their achievements»:{
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение « It is very important for good leaders to get a balance between freedom and structure»:{
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение «Informal communication between the company employees helps them to work as a part of the team»:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации }
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: Good leaders are the source of inspiration for their employees{
~3
~1
~4
=2}
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: A good leader is not afraid of his employees’ development{
~2
~1
=4
~3
Ответьте на вопрос: What is the essence of delegating?{
~To be confident in one’s own decisions
~To show respect to employees
~To develop emotional intelligence
=To allow staff to make their own decisions}
Определите основную идею текста.{
~Leadership is a human activity that comes from the heart
=The most important characteristics of an inspirational leader
~The way to identify leadership potential
~Examples of good leaders}
Задача 15. The Global Money Market
Foreign exchange trading in Britain is centered in London. The London foreign exchange market is a telephonic market consisting of 3 groups: authorized banks, 11 foreign exchange brokers and the Bank of England. British opera tions are to some degree overseen and controlled by the Bank of England, which limits outstanding positions and calls regular returns. Sterling is thereby protected against unde sirable speculations. This control has never prevented the involvement in world money operations necessary to strengthen the commercial base.
Continuous contact between dealers in banks in many cit ies around the world is, in essence, the international mar ket. They fix the international conversion value of one cur rency against another and conflicting opinions are swiftly ironed out by the movement of funds. At any one moment of time, the value of sterling against the American dollar is the same, whether you deal in London, Germany, Tokyo or San Francisco.
The major controlling factors that affect exchange rates are speculation, interest rates and the balance of payments. In the past, speculation against the dollar in favour of other currencies has led to the sale of dollars and the consequent purchase of other currencies. Interest rates dictate the flow of money from one foreign centre to another as money seeks higher yields. So the impact of a bal ance of payments surplus or deficit is quite apparent. It fol lows that the currency of a country with a constant surplus will always be in demand. But other things quite apart from financial factors affect the foreign exchange market. Political events can move the market quite significantly.
At one point exchange rates were controlled and moni tored by the central banks under the Bretton Woods Agree ment. This affected member countries of the International Monetary Fund, which meant simply that all such countries would have a parity for their currency against the American dollar, itself tied to gold, and their currency would be protected against the dollar to a maximum spread of 3/4 per cent either side of this parity. All commercial companies work ing on a wider commercial profit margin could rely on the rate movement staying within agreed boundaries.
Определите, является ли утверждение « The Bank of England limits all British operations »:{
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение « The value of sterling against the American dollar is the same at any time the transaction takes place in London,Germany,Tokyo or San Francisco»:{
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение «Natural disasters affect the market more significantly than any other factors »:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации }
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: International market is seen as an interaction of many dealers{
~3
~1
~4
=2}
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: The impact of exchanges rate control on the member countries of the International Monetary Fund{
~2
~1
=4
~3}
Ответьте на вопрос: Where could the speculation against the dollar in favour of other currencies lead to ?{
~The brokers’ yield will grow
~It could lead to the conflicts in international markets
=The currency of the country with a constant surplus will be in demand
~There could be money flows from one foreign centre to another }
Определите основную идею текста.{
=The major factors that control global money market
~Differences in interest rates
~The policy of major financial centers of the world
~Tight control strengthens the world money operations}
Задача 16. Bullying
Has anyone ever criticized you all the time, ignored you or made you feel small in front of other people? Then you have experienced bullying. We often think that bullying only happens in school, but it is very common in the workplace as well. In fact studies show that about one in five people have been bullied at work. Bullies are often managers but they can be co-workers. They make their victims look incompetent, feel a failure and lose all belief in themselves.
Bullying consists of threatening or offensive behaviour, constant criticism, unrealistic or changing goals and not being included in work and social events. It is a form of psychological and emotional violence which affects people’s health and career prospects and can cause depression.
Bullying reduces companies’ profits. There are huge losses each year due to absenteeism and resignations, all the result of bullying. Eighty-two percent of people who are bullied leave their workplace. Companies need to make sure they have policies to fight bullying.
Firstly, you need to get support from a colleague or a trade union. Secondly, keep a written record of what is happening to you. Then you need to confront the person and say you don’t like the way you are being treated. This is best done with someone else present or in writing. Nowadays bullying is recognized as a problem, and there are many organizations that can help. So if you are bullied, just remember you are not alone.
Определите, является ли утверждение « Bullying is not a serious issue and company employees can easily cope with it »:{
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение « Bullying can seriously affect company’s performance »:{
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение «There is a special training programme helping to resist bullying »:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации }
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: Three steps to cope with bullying in the workplace{
~3
~1
=4
~2}
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: The essence of bullying{
=2
~1
~4
~3}
Ответьте на вопрос: What is bullying ?{
~It is when an employee is ignored in social situation
~It is when an employee is unfairly criticized
~It is when an employee feel incompetent
=It is when an employee is offended, criticized and excluded from social events}
Определите основную идею текста.{
~Bullying has a serious effect on businesses
~Bullying affects people’s health and career prospects
=Bullying and the way to stop it
~Companies’ performance and bullying}
17. Franchising and how you can benefit from it
Franchising is a system of business that has grown steadily in the last 50 years and is estimated to account for more than one-third of the world’s retail sales. There are few of us now who are not touched by the results of franchising. Franchising is not restricted just to fast food outlets and gardening contractors. There are now franchises for mentoring managers and sportspeople and franchises for internet shopping. Why, over the last 10 to 20 years, has franchising become the fastest growing way of doing business in just about every country in the world?
Franchising may be defined as a business arrangement which allows for the reputation (goodwill), innovation, technical know-how and expertise of the innovator (franchisor) to be combined with the energy, industry and investment of another party (franchisee) to conduct the business of providing and selling of goods and services. In franchising, a franchiser by building a successful brand through marketing, good practice and innovation creates goodwill which is utilised by the franchisees to further add value to the business. The franchisor in order to successfully impart his knowledge and to assist franchisees will communicate his methods via basic operating procedures manual, quality assurance manuals and training manuals. The franchisee will undoubtedly pay for this attractive force and the immediate customer recognition that it brings to a “new” business in the franchise arrangement.
There are a number of reasons why franchises have become the fastest growing way of doing business but the most worthy explanation is that franchising and franchises are simply filling a market need. The 1980’s and 1990’s brought radical changes to the employment market and the way people worked. A series of oil-shocks and severe stock market corrections, a freeing up of the world economy, reduction in subsidies, government deregulation and downsizing has thrust into the job market capable, energetic and resourceful people who want to work for themselves.
The main advantage of owning a franchise is the feeling of freedom that being self-employed brings. Owning a franchise should also provide a semi-monopoly environment in which to conduct business in a particular area. Generally, there is also a ready-made customer base. Besides, you usually have exclusive rights in your territory. The franchisor won't sell any other franchises in the same territory. And financing the business may be easier. Banks are sometimes more likely to lend money to buy a franchise with a good reputation. A franchise also offers the franchisee the ability to capitalise on the know-how and systems that have been proven to be successful. The quality of the product or service provided is therefore in many ways guaranteed.
Определите, является ли утверждение « Financial crises changed the structure of employment »:{
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение « The franchisor doesn’t help you setting up the business»:{
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение «Franchising will continue to be most popular way of doing business »:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации }
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: Benefits that a franchise may offer to a franchisee{
~3
~1
=4
~2}
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: Franchises have become so popular because they have satisfied the requirements of the market{
~2
~1
~4
=3}
Ответьте на вопрос: What does a franchisor mean ?{
=It’s an organization that sells its knowledge and business practice to another party
~It’s someone who pays a royalty and often an initial fee for the right to do business
~It’s the bank that lends money to buy a franchise
~It’s someone who has a trademark or a business system}
Определите основную идею текста.{
~Things to be aware of when choosing a franchise
~What makes a good franchise
~The difference between License and Franchise agreement
=Benefits from a franchise}
20. Leadership Styles for a good leader.
Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. One of the ways for leaders to carry out this process is to use leadership styles. Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. Kurt Lewin (1939) led a group of researchers to identify different styles of leadership. This early study has been very influential and established three major leadership styles:
1) Authoritarian or autocratic
2) Participative or democratic
3) Delegative or Free Reign
Authoritarian (autocratic)
This style is used when leaders tell their employees what they want to be done and how they want it to be accomplished, without getting the advice of their followers. Some of the appropriate conditions to use it is when the leader has all the information to solve the problem, he is short of time, and his employees are well motivated. Some people tend to think of this style as a vehicle for yelling, using demeaning language, and leading by threats and abusing their power. This is not the authoritarian style, rather it is an abusive, unprofessional style called “bossing people around.”
Participative (democratic)
This style involves the leader including one or more employees in the decision making process (determining what to do and how to do it). However, the leader maintains the final decision making authority. Using this style is not a sign of weakness, it is rather a sign of strength that employees will respect. This is normally used when the leader has part of the information, and employees have other parts. A leader is not expected to know everything — this is why he employs knowledgeable and skillful employees. Using this style is of mutual benefit — it allows subordinates to become part of the team and allows the leader to make better decisions.
Delegative (free reign)
In this style, the leader allows the employees to make the decisions. However, the leader is still responsible for the decisions that are made. This is used when employees are able to analyze the situation and determine what needs to be done and how to do it. The leader must set priorities and delegate certain tasks. This style can be used when the leader fully trusts and is confident in people below. A good leader uses all three styles, depending on the situation.
Определите, является ли утверждение « Leadership is a process by wich a person influences others to accomplish an objective »:{
=Истинным
~Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение « Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education,training and experience»:{
~Истинным
~Ложным
=В тексте нет информации }
Определите, является ли утверждение «If a leader wants to get some advice from his employees,he should use the authoritarian (autocratic) style »:{
~Истинным
=Ложным
~В тексте нет информации }
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: This strategy is used in companies where employees are highly knowledgeable and have the confidence to make right decisions{
~3
~1
=4
~2}
Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея: This approach is used when the leader involves some of his subordinates in decision making process{
~2
~1
~4
=3}
Ответьте на вопрос: What is a leadership ?{
~It is the process of motivating people
~It is the process of delegating responsibility
~It is the process of making things done
=It is the process of influencing the group of people to achieve certain objective}
Определите основную идею текста.{
~There are as many different leadership styles as there are leaders
~The only way for a good leader to run his business in proper way is to use one of the leadership styles
=A good leader uses the right leadership style according to the situation
~Good leaders are made not born}
Ко всем 20 текстам относятся следующие типовые вопросы (задания):
1. определите, является ли утверждение:
2. определите, является ли утверждение:
3. определите, является ли утверждение:
4. укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея:
5. укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая идея:
6. ответьте на вопрос
7. определите основную идею текста.