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Английские сокращения это сокращенные формы некоторых частей речи (don't, I'm, и др.), которые широко используются в разговорной и неформальной речи и письме.
Сокращения в английском языке
В таблице ниже приведены сокращения в английском языке и примеры их использования.
Несокращенная форма |
Сокращенная форма |
Пример |
I am |
I'm |
I'm (= I am) already here. |
I have |
I've |
I've (= I have) seen that movie several times. |
I will |
I'll |
I'll (= I will) deal with this. |
I had / I would |
I'd |
I'd (= I had) done it by the time you came. |
You are |
You're |
You're (= you are) one of the best students in this class. |
You have |
You've |
You've (= you have) been such a good friend to me. |
You will |
You'll |
You'll (= you will) see him soon enough. |
You had / you would |
You'd |
You passed the test because you'd (= you had) prepared for it. |
He is / he has |
He's |
He's (= he is) a very talented actor. |
He will |
He'll |
He'll (= he will) show up, he is just running a little late. |
He had / he would |
He'd |
He'd (= he had) helped me a lot to finish the work by your arrival. |
She is / she has |
She's |
She's (= she is) standing by the window. |
She will |
She'll |
She'll (= she will) come over to our house tonight. |
She had / she would |
She'd |
She'd (= she had) called me before she came. |
It is / it has |
It's |
It's (= it is) hot today. |
We are |
We're |
We're (= we are) coming, we're almost there. |
We have |
We've |
We've (= we have) tried to get a hold of you, but failed. |
We will |
We'll |
We'll (= we will) watch over the kids. |
We had / we would |
We'd |
We'd (= we had) traveled from Germany to Spain. |
They are |
They're |
We're (= we are) going to talk about it next time. |
They have |
They've |
I hear that they've (= they have) been told everything. |
They will |
They'll |
I hope they'll (= they will) be on time. |
They had / they would |
They'd |
They'd (= they had) done their work long before I started doing mine. |
There is / there has |
There's |
There's (=there is) little time left. |
There will |
There'll |
They say there'll (= there will) be a new school in our district. |
There had / there would |
There'd |
There'd (= there had) been many people here before. |
Are not |
Aren't |
They aren't (= are not) here yet. |
Cannot |
Can't |
I can't (= cannot) do it because I am very busy. |
Could not |
Couldn't |
Why couldn't (= could not) you come in time? |
Dare not |
Daren't |
I daren't (= dare not) say it. |
Did not |
Didn't |
Helen says she didn't (= did not) know anything about it. |
Does not |
Doesn't |
He doesn't (= does not) like this book. |
Do not |
Don't |
Whatever you do, just don't (= do not) touch my antique statuettes. |
Had not |
Hadn't |
We hadn't (= had not) seen such a beatiful place before we went there. |
Has not |
Hasn't |
Sam hasn't (= has not) read that magazine yet, give it to him. |
Have not |
Haven't |
I haven't (= have not) finished working yet, give me some more time. |
Is not |
Isn't |
I don't know why he isn't (= is not) there. |
Might not |
Mightn't |
You should call him first, he mightn't (= might not) be home yet. |
Must not |
Mustn't |
You mustn't (= must not) work so hard, have a little rest. |
Need not |
Needn't |
The teacher has said that we needn't (= need not) do this exercise. |
Ought not |
Oughtn't |
Tell him that he oughtn't (= ought not) to speak with his parents like that. |
Shall not |
Shan't |
Don't come tomorrow, I shan't (= shall not) be able to help you. |
Should not |
Shouldn't |
We shouldn't (= should not) hurry, the work should be done very carefully. |
Was not |
Wasn't |
I wasn't (= was not) ready to go when you called me. |
Were not |
Weren't |
They weren't (= were not) going to come. |
Will not |
Won't |
We won't (= will not) let you down. |
Would not |
Wouldn't |
If I were you I wouldn't (= would not) underestimate him. |
Примечания:
1. В разговорном английском существует нестандартная форма ain't, которая может являться сокращением форм am not, are not, is not, have not или has not (однако данная форма имеет сильный неформальный оттенок):
He ain't going to come. = He is not going to come.
Он не придет.
Don't talk to me like that you ain't my master. = You are not my master.
Не разговаривай со мной так, ты мне не хозяин.
I ain't got anything to read. = I have not got anything to read.
Мне нечего читать.
2. Сокращения daren't и shan't очень редко используются в американском английском.
3. Сокращением от am not является форма aren't (которая, в отличие от формы ain't, не является разговорной и неформальной):
I am late, aren't I? (а НЕ … amn't I?)
Я ведь опоздал?