Theme of short story written by Ernest Hemingwy is sense of duty
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Vadim Sivukha, group 535
Text interpretation of a short story «The old man and the sea»
The theme of a short story, written by Ernest Hemingway, is a sense of duty.
The following events happen in this story.The story begins with the appearance of an old man on the pontoon bridge, that crosses the river Ebro. He sits exhausted. Then appears the narrator. His mission is to cross the bridge and to find out how far the enemy has advanced. He sees the old man and begins talking to him and learns that his native town is San Carlos. Besides the old man tells the narrator, that he is the last person to leave the town and he is anxious about animals he has domesticated. Meanwhile the narrator nervously awaits the appearance of fascist troops, and the old man clarifies the names of animals he has domesticated: two goats, cat and a pair of pigeons. However, he makes a remark, that he has no family. By the way the old man has to leave his animals and the town because of artillery fire, that embraced the town. Then he begins to explain concern about what will happen with the animals. He is sure, that his cat will remain safe, because cats can look after themselves, but he doesn’t know, what will happen with other animals. The narrator continues to ask questions. He wants to know, what the old man’s politics are, and the old man replies, that he has none. He gives the following explanation of his answer, that he is 76, has already come 12 kilometers and he hasn’t got any physical abilities to go farther. In its turn the narrator advices him to walk on the road and catch a ride on a truck to Barcelona. The old man thanks him, but continues to express his concern about the fate of his animals, he left behind. In order to calm the old man, the narrator mentions, that his four pigeons will fly away. Finally the old man intents to get up and walk, but he is too tired, that´s why he can´t move. The narrator considers, that the old man´s only luck is that the cats can look after themselves and that the day is overcast, and the Fascists won’t manage to implement their intentions.
As a matter of fact, this story was based on Ernest Hemingway’s own experience. He visited Spain in 1930-ies of the 20th century and worked there as a war correspondent. The story is told in the first person narrative, and in fact the narrator of the story is Ernest Hemingway himself. The narrator is a real witness of the events, that take place in a short story. The story itself reveals the problems of the inevitability of death, depression, alienation. The narrator is sure, that the old man is still alive, due to the fact that the day is cloudy and the Fascists can’t fulfil their plans. But nevertheless, the narrator can’t give hope to him, and the old man’s death is inevitable. However, a narrator can be biased and reveal only one side of situation, without giving details of the peculiarities implicit in the story.
There are four elements of plot structure in a short story « exposition, complications, climax and denouement» The setting of the story is clarified in the exposition, and besides it accompanies the events in the whole story. The reader gets the information about the bridge and the river in the exposition. In complications the exact geographical name of the river( Ebro) and the name of the city( Barcelona) are mentioned. These geographical names contribute to verisimilitude and serve as indicators that the story is set in Spain. The mentioning of the artillery, enemy help a reader understand, that the action takes place during the Civil War in Spain. The complications start when the narrator asks a question to the old man about his native town. The climax occurrs in the episode, when a gray overcast day is described and this day contributes to the derangement of the plans of the Fascists . The denouement appears when the narrator mentions the greatest luck for the old man is the fact that he knows that the cats are able to know how to look after themselves. The events are arranged in chronological order.
There are two characters in this short story: the narrator and the old man. The narrator is a major character and the old man is a minor one. The narrator is characterised indirectly: with the help of speech characteristics. The old man is also described indirectly with the help of the outward appearance, psychological portrayal and analysis of motive and speech characteristics. There is one predominant type of conflict in this story an internal one. Internal conflict is a conflict between the old man and himself. It is revealed in his hesitation, whether to continue his way and find his domesticated animals or not. The external conflict is between the old man and society.
The tone is ironical. It is clearly exemplified in the last remark of the narrator, where he mentiones that the fact that cats know how to look after themselves was all the good lick that old man would ever have.
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