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LESSONS 41-42
KALYADY
If you want to experience real joy – the joy that isn’t even spoiled by falling snow or severe frost – you should come to Belarus when “Kalyady” is being celebrated. Catholics celebrate it from December, 25 to January? 6 when the sun turns its gaze towards spring and the days begin to become longer. As for Orthodox Christians and the old calendar, the mysterious time of the year comes a bit later – it continues from January, 19. People say that “Kalyady” is God’s holiday. In Russia, all these and nights from Christmas till Epiphany are called “Svyatki” (Sacred evenings) and in Belarus – “Kalyady”. It is a jolly time when people are enjoyed themselves.
During “Kalyady” groups of merry young boys and girls in smart clothes go from house go from house to house in Belarusian villages and towns. “Kalyady” celebrations have ancient, pagan traditions. In many countries of the world, people have carnivals and masquerades to see the Near Year. Such festivals are also held in Belarus.
Each person in the processions of “Kalyadouschiki” (carol-singers) has a role according to his character and temperament: one of them beas the star, others sing carols, amateur musicians play the accordion or beat the tambourine, amateur actors are disguised as Goats, Bears, Storks, Horses, Gypsies and Old Men. Hosts and hostesses usually teat them for well – wishing and carol – singing.
“Kalyady”is the time when three ritual suppers are cooked in every Belarusian home. They are called “Kalyadnaya Kuttzya”. Our forefathers believed that “Kyttzya” (a sort of porridge (“Kasha”) mad from barley) was sacred food which could save and protect people’s lives. So “Kuttzya” was a symbol of immortality and eternity of live.
On “Kalyady” Belarusians like to visit each other, celebrate weddings and fairs. By the way, it was at the fairs in the old days when vagrant musicians and puppetters gave their performances. Small puppet theatres called “Batleika” were popular in Belarus. They aced out stories about “Batleika” originated from the word “Bethlehem” – the name of Christ’s birth – place. So we can say that our theatre has its roots in “Kalyady”.
The pagan holiday of “Kalyady” coincided later with Christmas, which was celebrated later with Christmas, which was celebrated by Christians. The main purpose of “Kalyady” is to get rid of everything bad in one’s life and to begin a new life cycle with joy and optimism.
Read, translate the text and answer the questions
1 When do Belarusians celebrate “Kalyady”?
2 What do people say about “Kalyady”?
3 What are the typical entertainments during “Kalyady”?
4 How long do “Svyatki” last?
5 What do amateur actors wear?
6 How are three ritual suppers at “Kalyady” called?
7 Our forefathers believed that “Kuttzya” was sacred food, didn’t they?
8 What is “Kuttzya” made of?
9 What do Belarusians like to do during “Kalyady”?
10 What do you know about “Batleika”?
11 What is the main purpose of “Kalyady”?