I. Te
Работа добавлена на сайт samzan.net:
ZNTU
Department of International Tourism and Management
Tourizm in Great Britain
Student: Sorochenko I.
Teacher: Gorlachova V.
Zaporizhzhja
2013
Contents
Introduction
Climate in Great Britain
Transport
Hotels and Guest Houses
British Pubs
Shopping
Places of Interest in Great Britain
Tourism in Britain
Conclusions
Introduction
The UK is a land made up of many regions, each with a special character and cultural heritage. There are non-stop cities; festivals of music, theatre, literature and the arts; and regional countryside with rolling hills, dramatic cliffs, ancient forests, rugged mountains and tranquil lakes. There are also wonderful islands to visit including the extraordinary range of the Scottish Islands, the Isle of Man, Anglesey, the Scilly Isles, the Isle of Wight and the Channel Islands. They have different traditional cultures, delightful scenery and offer many habitats for wildlife.
To get the most of the variety on hand you could base yourself in a particular city or region. London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast and the major regional cities offer historic and modern architecture, a spectrum of culture and more choice of day and night entertainment than you can fit into a hectic schedule. Or visit the beaches and the mountains of north Wales; absorb the dramatic scenery of Scotland and the Scottish Isles, and its whisky; sail, swim, cycle and walk in the Lake District in Cumbria; visit the dramatic shores and fine countryside of Northern Ireland; take in the wildlife from a boat in the Fens of East Anglia; enjoy the cliffs, beaches, fishing and sailing resorts of Cornwall and Devon in the south-west.
There is still so much more: the Yorkshire Moors or coastal resorts; walking and mountain-biking in the Pennines; the Derbyshire towns and dales; the Welsh borders; the south coast resorts; the 'garden' of Kent; Pembrokeshire and the Gower Peninsula in south Wales.
The British Isles is visited by millions of people each year, many returning time and again. It is seeped in history and has some stunning landscapes. It is also quirky at times, so you are assured of an interesting visit!
Climate in Great Britain
The British Isles which are surrounded by the ocean have an insular climate.
There are 3 things that chiefly determine the climate of the United Kingdom: the position of the islands in the temperate belt; the fact that the prevailing winds blow from the west and south-west and the warm current — the Gulf Stream that flows from the Gulf of Mexico along the western shores of England. All these features make the climate more moderate, without striking difference between seasons. It is not very cold in winter and never very hot in summer.
So, the British ports are ice-free and its rivers are not frozen throughout the year. The weather on the British Isles has a bad reputation. It is very changeable and fickle. The British say that there is a climate in other countries, but we have just weather. If you don’t like the weather in England, just wait a few minutes.
It rains very often in all seasons in Great Britain. Autumn and winter are the wettest. The sky is usually grey and cold winds blow. On the average, Britain has more than 200 rainy days a year. The English say that they have 3 variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon, and when it rains all day long. Sometimes it rains so heavily, that they say «It’s raining cats and dogs».
Britain is known all over the world for its fogs. Sometimes fogs are so thick that it’s impossible to see anything within a few meters. The winter fogs of London are, indeed, awful; they surpass all imagination. In a dense fog all traffic is stopped, no vehicle can move from fear of dreadful accidents. So, we may say that the British climate has three main features: it is mild, humid and very changeable.
Transport
The British are enthusiastic about mobility. They regard the opportunity to travel far and frequently as a right. Some commuters spend up to two or three hours each day getting to work in London or some other big city and back home to their suburban or country homes in the evening. Most people do not spend quite so long each day travelling, but it is taken for granted that few people live near enough to their work or secondary school to get there on foot.
As elsewhere in Europe, transport in modern Britain is dominated by the motor car and here are the attendant problems of traffic congestion and pollution. These problems are, in fact, more acute than there are in many other countries both because Britain is densely populated and also because a very high proportion of goods are transported by road.
There is an additional reason for congestion in Britain. While the British want the freedom to move around easily, they do not like living near big roads or railways. Any proposed new road or rail project leads to 'housing blight'. The value of houses along or near the proposed route goes down. Every such project is attended by an energetic campaign to stop construction. Partly for this reason, Britain has, in proportion to its population, fewer kilometres of main road and railway than any other country in northern Europe.
Transport policy is a matter of continual debate. During the 1980s the government's attitude was that public transport should pay for itself (and should not be given subsidies) and road building was given priority. However, the opposite point of view, whicli argues in favour of public transport, has become stronger during the 1990s, partly as a result of pressure from environmental groups. It is now generally accepted that transport policy should attempt to more than merely accommodate the predicted doubling in the number of cars in the next thirty years, but should consider wider issues.
Hotels and Guest Houses
You will find a significant difference in both price and facilities between hotels and guest houses in the UK. Hotels usually offer breakfasts, lunches, teas, dinners, a licensed bar and a range of services and facilities to suit individuals, families and often business groups. Country house hotels will often add recreational facilities in their grounds such as golf, tennis, swimming, health spas, gyms and attended play areas for children. Top league international hotels in London and major cities offer comprehensive amenities and services for business and holiday guests, and a choice of first class and luxury accommodation. Guest houses may not have bars or offer lunch or teas, but will have television and sitting lounges.
In England and Wales the AA, RAC (the largest UK motoring organisations) and the English Tourist Council have come together to provide an overall star for hotels and diamond rating for guest accommodation, including bed and breakfast. Hotels have between one and five stars; guest accommodation between one and five diamonds. In Scotland and Northern Ireland all tourist accommodation is also graded regularly to provide a clear indication of the level of facilities you can expect.
British Pubs
A pub is a short word for "public house". It is a unique place not only because there are no similar bars or cafes in other countries, but because you won't find any public place like pub in Britain itself. It is not one of those restaurants with rather formal atmosphere. No, it will sooner be compared with a fast-food restaurant where all people are equal and there is no need to follow high manners. However, there is an essential difference — pub is not a place to come for a hamburger to satisfy one's hunger. A British pub is a place like home where you come to meet people, to learn latest news and just chat. A pub is the only public place where you won't be told off for noise, exclamations and even shouting. All this hubbub and dim make the atmosphere so unique. There are over 60 000 pubs in Great Britain. The local pub plays an important role in almost every neighbourhood.
In previous years pubs used to serve almost nothing but beer and other spirits. But nowadays you can be offered a various menu of hot dishes and snacks as well. Most pubs offer only special English meals, which is quite cheap. As for drinks, they are quite expensive. Some pubs are controlled by breweries, that is why beer may cost even higher than wine or other spirits.
British pubs have their special character appealing to the idea of tradition. Each pub has its own name painted on a signboard hanging outside. As a rule, this sign is made in a certain old-fashioned style. British pubs usually bear the names relating to their location: The Three Arrows, The Cross, The Railway, The Church. It may be ironic description of the pub itself: The Nutshell. They may be named after a noted individual (The Lord Nelson, The Emma Hamilton); after an aristocrat or a monarch (The King's Head, The Queen Victoria, The Duke of Cambridge); their names may relate to the names of some animals (The Red Lion, The Unicorn). Some pub signs are in the form of a pun or rebus.
All pubs are built in a particular style. Even if it is a newly built pub, it is often designed to look as if it were about several hundred years old. All the windows in the pub are small in order to make a cozy home atmosphere. Very few pubs have tables outside the building. This peculiarity came from the Victorians who thought that people mustn't be seen drinking. On the other hand, many pubs have a garden at the back for children because children are not allowed in most pubs. Moreover, there still exist very few pubs where it is surprising for a woman to walk in.
Another distinctive point of pubs is that there is no waiter service. Some people may consider that a bit strange way of making people feel comfortable, but British people are sure that being served at a table makes the visitors be reserved and unnaturally polite. So, when you come to a pub, the first thing you have to do is lean on the bar and wait for someone behind the bar to serve you. Eye contact and "smiling eyes" is a key to getting served faster. The staff in a pub is usually very friendly and jesting. They are expected to know all the regular customers personally, their preferences in food and drinks. It makes the atmosphere very relaxed, informal and amicable. All the staff is always ready to chat and take part in any sort of discussion.
The visitors of British pubs like to spend time playing there a wide range of games: from the well-known darts, skittles, dominoes, cards and billiards to more uncommon — Aunt Sally and ringing the bull. Many pubs also hold special Theme Nights with tournaments at the games listed above, or karaoke. A lot of pubs are equipped with large plasma panels, and many people come here to watch football or other sport game with a glass of beer in a pleasant company.
Many pubs use the name "Inn" in case they can offer lodging, besides food and drink, for a traveller.
Shopping
In Britain there are a lot of big and small shops. There is a tendency in Britain and the USA for small shops to disappear. They are eaten up by big firms, which have branches all over the country. Many people regret the disappearance of small shops.
In big shops called department stores one can buy everything: suits, dresses, coats, shoes, food and what not. In big shops the customer does not pay the shop assistant, but takes the bill to the cash desk and pays the cashier. Many people pay by check or by check card. If you want to pay by check, you don’t have to worry about holding up lines of impatient cash payers behind you. In some stores you have to go to a special desk to have your check approved before going to the checkout line.
In some shops there is a special depart¬ment where they wrap up the purchases and hand them over to customers. In many supermarkets you don’t have to sack your own groceries at the checkout. They will do it for you. You can actually have your purchases taken to your car for you. Some shops have a home delivery service. But big shops are very useful to the public. They have a large variety of goods and sell them at reasonable prices.
Harrods is the largest store in Europe with goods displayed in sixty shop windows and five hectares and a half of selling space. It was opened in 1849 and now it has 230 departments, a room where you can have a rest if you are tired and even a kennel for customers’ dogs. There are lots of escala¬tors and lifts inside the store. Harrods also offers a number of special services to its customers including six restaurants, some bars and tea rooms, a bank, an insurance department, a tra¬vel agency, London's last circulating library, a theatre ti¬cket agency and a funeral service.
There can be about 50.000 customers a day. You can buy almost everything in Harrods and you know you're getting the best. In one year over 14 million purchases are made in its departments where you can buy anything from a pin to an elephant. It is Harrods' policy to stock a wide and exciting range of goods in every department, to give the customer a choice of goods which is unique in its variety and which no other store can offer. For example, Harrods stocks 450 different cheeses, 500 types of shirts and 9000 ties to go with them, 8000 dresses and 150 different pianos, etc.
Harrods has a worldwide reputation for first-class service. It has a staff of 4000, rising to 6000 at Christmas time. Over 40 million worth of goods are exported annually from Harrods. The Export Depart¬ment can deal with any customer's purchase or order and will pack and send goods to any address in the world.
Twice a year, in January and July, Harrods has a “sale”. Some things are sold almost half price, and there are thousands of bargains. On the first days of the sale the shop is very crowded. Some people stand and wait all night so that they can be the first in the shop when it opens.
The smartest and most expensive shops like Harrods are in the district of London called Knightsbridge, but more people come to Oxford Street, London's most popular shopping centre. There are several big department stores in Oxford Street. The best known is Selfridges. It was founded by an American Gordon Selfridge in 1909.
Oxford Street, Regent Street and Bond Street are the best known shopping centers in London, but in some ways King's Road in Chelsea is more fun. This is where fashionable young Londoners buy their clothes in many small “boutiques”.
Places of Interest in Great Britain
Great Britain is the main English-speaking country in the world. It consists of England, Scotland and Wales. There are many interesting sights in each of these countries and their capitals: London, Edinburgh and Cardiff. Millions of people visit Britain every year to learn more about its places of interest. One of the most thrilling sights is the Stonehenge. It’s an ancient monument made of stones standing either in circle or in a horseshoe shape. The origin and the meaning of these stones remains a mystery. However, the scientists think that it was used as a prehistoric calendar. Another attractive sight is Stratford-upon-Avon. It’s a small city in England, where the most famous English writer Shakespeare was born. Stratford-upon-Avon is not only his birthplace. He also lived and created his plays there. Lots of people come to see the Shakespeare’s house in Henley Street and the Royal Shakespeare Theatre. Other famous cities which attract lots of visitors are Oxford and Cambridge. These cities have become well-known thanks to their educational features. The best and highly-respected universities in the world are situated here. Nearly everyone wishes to study in Oxford or Cambridge, as it’s considered to be a very prestigious education. Many British places of interest are situated in the capital-city of London. Among them, the Buckingham Palace, which is the Queen’s official residence, the Westminster Abbey, where the most prominent Englishmen are buried, Big Ben, which is the biggest clock in the world, the Tower of London, which has once been a fortress, a prison and a royal palace. Tourists, who are passionate followers of the music band “Beatles”, might want to visit Liverpool. It’s a home town of this famous band. The football fans will enjoy a trip to Manchester, which is a home city of a world-famous team Manchester United. Natural attractions of Great Britain are also interesting. For example, the Scottish Highlands, Loch Ness Lake, the Lake District and some others.
Tourism in Britain
From the peace of the countryside to the bustle of vibrant cities, from sport to shopping, from heritage to music, fashion and film, tourism in Britain is nothing if not diverse. With something to offer everyone, it's hardly surprising that Britain is one of the world's leading tourist destinations. Britain's tourism industry is big business - Ј53 billion each year - and it's growing all the time. Tourism has accounted for one in six of all new jobs created in the last 10 years.
Britain boasts a huge range of places to stay - from the simplest cottage to the five star luxury of its top hotels. Guest houses, inns, bed and breakfasts, and holiday centres help ensure that Britain can offer accommodation to suit every taste and every pocket. When it comes to eating and drinking the choice is, if anything, even wider. Britain's restaurants are now considered to be among the best in the world, and you can enjoy a drink anywhere from the most traditional of pubs to the most sophisticated of bars.
With its international airports and seaports, getting to Britain couldn't be easier. The country is situated within a couple of hours' flight of most European cities, and there are frequent, reliable links to a huge range of destinations further afield. Since the Channel Tunnel opened it has been even easier for drivers and rail passengers - travelling on Eurostar trains - to get to and from mainland Europe.
Millions of visitors from around the world come to Britain each year to enjoy its scenic countryside and coastlines and its wealth of historic towns, cities and buildings. Britain also plays host to a wide range of cultural, artistic and sporting events many of which, like the Edinburgh Festival and the Five Nations rugby tournament, are internationally renowned.
Conclusion
Britain has a great deal to offer visitors, and the tourism industry is a major asset to the country. The Government is keen to create an economic climate in which the industry can flourish. An important part of this is making sure that tourism in Britain has the high public profile it deserves. The Government-supported British Tourist Authority (BTA) promotes Britain overseas as a tourist destination, while the tourist boards for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland encourage the development of tourist facilities in Britain.
Visitors can place a great strain on an area's infrastructure. At the height of the season, places like the Lade District attract many cars and coaches filled with visitors. Problems of visitor numbers are by no means restricted to the natural environment. Historic towns such as Bath and Cambridge have also suffered as a direct result of the number of tourists.
Visitors are the lifeblood of Britain's tourism industry. It is crucial, though, to keep in mind the need to protect the very attractions that those visitors come to see. Environmental issues are at the top of the Government's agenda. And bodies like the Countryside Agency are building partnerships with farmers, landowners and local authorities to make sure that the countryside is there to be enjoyed not only now but in the future.
References
1) http://www.bestreferat.ru/referat-179057.html
2) http://revolution.allbest.ru/languages/00093234_0.html
3) http://travel.state.gov
Glossary
Occurs – происходит
Fog - туман
Extending – простирающийся
Rapidly – быстро
Avoided – избегать
Despite – несмотря
Vast majority – подавляющее большинство
Request – запрашивать
Be able to obtain – смогут получить
Souks – базары
Exceptions – исключения
Genuinely – неподдельно
Invested heavily – инвестировали средства
Offer - предложение
Essential – главный, основной
Restrictions – ограничения
Cheap – дешевый
To overtake – обгонять
Comprising – включающий в себя
Fare— плата
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