Утверждаю
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
ФАКУЛЬТЕТ МИРОВЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ
КАФЕДРА ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ
«Утверждаю»
Декан факультета мировых языков
_____________ к.ф.н. А.Х.Хайыржанова
«____» ________________ 2013 г.
ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЕ БИЛЕТЫ
По английскому языку для специальностей:
5B050700 «Менеджмент»
5В050600 «Экономика»
5В050800 «Учет и аудит»
5В050900 «Финансы»
Очная форма обучения
Первый курс
Первый семестр
Составитель: Байниева К. Т.,
к.ф.н, и.о.доцента кафедры
иностранных языков
АТЫРАУ-2013
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 1
1. Род и число имен существительных.
2. Чтение и перевод текста “Treasure Hunting”
3. My Last Day Off.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 2
1. Вопросы к подлежащему и его определению.
2. Чтение и перевод текста”Phylomel Cottage”.
3. How I Usually Spend the Week-end.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет №3
1. Оборот “ to be going to” для выражения намерения в будущем времени.
2. Чтение и перевод текста “The First Cinema Films”.
3. My Family.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 4
1. Неопределенные местоимения some, any.
2. Чтение и перевод текста “The Mythical Continent”
3. My Friend.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 5
1. Предлоги места, направления и времени.
2. Чтение и перевод текста “London”
3. My Parents.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 6
1. Специальные вопросы.
2. Чтение и перевод текста “Means of Transport”
3. My Favourite Book.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 7
1. Повелительное наклонение.
2. Чтение и перевод текста”Brown Wolf”
3. My University.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 8
1. The Past Indefinite Tense.
2. Чтение и перевод текста “Robin Hood”
3. My Flat.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет №9
1. The Present Indefinite Tense.
2. Чтение и перевод текста “Scotland”
3. My Day’s Work.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 10
1. The Present Continuous Tense.
2. Чтение и перевод текста “The United Nations”
3. My Holiday.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 11
1. Числительные (образование, произношение хронологических дат).
2. Чтение и перевод текста”A.Conan Doyle”
3. Shopping.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 12
1. Особенности фонетической системы английского языка.
2. Чтение и перевод текста ”New York”.
3. My Native Town.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 13
1. Притяжательный падеж существительных.
2. Чтение и перевод текста”Learning Foreign Languages”.
3. A Visit to a Sick Friend.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 14
1. Правильные и неправильные глаголы.
2. Чтение и перевод текста “The Norman Conquest of England”.
3. My friend’s Family.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 15
1. Простое предложение (главные члены, порядок).
2. Чтение и перевод текста “Manchester”
3. After Lessons.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 16
1. Вопросительные предложения (общий и альтернативный вопрос).
2. Чтение и перевод текста “John Constable”
3. In the Evening.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 17
1. Причастие I.
2. Чтение и перевод текста “The Adventure of the Three Students”(1)
3. My Brother (Sister).
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 18
1. Причастие II.
2. Чтение и перевод текста “The Adventure of the Three Students”(2)
3. Before Classes.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 19
1. Понятия о дополнении. Прямое и косвенное дополнение.
2. Чтение и перевод текста “English Secondary School”
3. At Home.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 20
1. Оборот there is/are.
2. Чтение и перевод текста
3. My Native Town.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 21
1. Модальный глагол can и оборот to be able to.
2. Чтение и перевод текста
3. My Friend’s Flat .
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 22
1. The Present Perfect Tense.
2. Чтение и перевод текста
3. My Grandparents.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 23
1. Глагол to have и оборот have got.
2. Чтение и перевод текста
3. My School Teachers.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 24
1. Личные и притяжательные местоимения.
2. Чтение и перевод текста
3. My Hobby.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
АТЫРАУСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ.Х.ДОСМУХАМЕДОВА
Билет № 25
1. Отрицательные предложения.
2. Чтение и перевод текста
3. Kazakhstan.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
иностранных языков
протокол № 3 от 27 декабря 2013 г.
Зав.кафедрой: / Макенова С.К./
The Mythical Continent
The most interesting legend of all is the story of the lost continent of Atlantis. According to one of the old Greek writers, it was a prosperous island country that suddenly sank under the sea so that all its cities, people and riches were lost forever. It’s supposed to be somewhere under the Atlantic Ocean. Some people have tried to dredge the ocean bottom for clues. During the last war, a pilot said he saw walls under the ocean from his plane, but no one has really was an Atlantic. It took so long to find Troy, and it is certainly more difficult to find something under the sea. Think of all the mud covering everything. Perhaps there was an earthquake, which buried all the cities of Atlantis before the sea rushed in. The cite of Pompeii was buried under lava for hundreds of years and on one knew exactly where it was. But descriptions and recollections of what happened when the two Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum were destroyed are to be found in the Latin writings of the time. After the Middle Ages, when people began to be interested in the past, the ruins were discovered. Perhaps one day explores will find Atlantis. Or perhaps there’s no such place. But a question always remains: “If it didn’t exit, how did the legend start?
The First Cinema Films
One of the first cinema films was made by Edison, but the intervals between his photographic exposures were too short- about forty-eight photographs taken (and show) to the second. The human eye could not see them so fast and the movements therefore appeared very jerky. This made the eyes tired.
When Edison’s machine was brought to France to show films, was seen there by Auguste and Louis Lumiere. These two brothers soon made a camera and projector that worked at about 16 photographs per second. This reduced the jerkiness very much, and in December 1895 the Lumiere brothers gave the world’s first real cinematograph show. Their film was called The Arrival of a Train at a Station. The film was so good that some of the audience almost expected the train to rush out at them from the screen.
The first news picture was shown in 1897; it was a documentary film about a boxing match. Other events were sometimes shown, too.
In 1903 one of Edicon’s cameramen made a new long picture. It was called The life of an American Fireman. People liked it and asked for more; and so more films of this kind were made. More cinemas were built.
These first films had no sound. When it was necessary, printed words were thrown on the screen to explain what was happening or what people what were saying. Usually music was played during the snowing of a film. If the film was snowing moonlight on the sea, the music was gentle and sweet. If there was a fight or a storm, the music was loud and noisy.
Treasure Hunting
Many people like to read about buried treasure. Give them a book about pirates trying to hide their loot away safely, and about other people trying to find it on “treasure islands” from crumbly old maps – give them a book like that and they’re happy for hours.
Of course, treasure hunts only happened in the olden days. Things like that don’t’ happen any more.
But that’s not true. They do.
For centuries ships containing treasure have been wrecked in storms in various parts of the world, particularly on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean in the North Sea. In many cases records of these wrecks remain with lists of the cargo carried. The approximate place where the ships disappeared is also sometimes known.
With modern technique divers can work for a considerable time under water, and whole ships have been raised and profits obtained from the sale of whatever was of value. Today treasure hunting still goes on and expeditions with experts divers and good equipmentsearch for treasure among the seaweed-and-shelfish-covered remainsof ancient sailing-ships. Sometimes treasure hunters are successful, but more often they are not.
Here is a story about a successful treasure hunt in the early 1960s. If you look at a map of Mexico, you’ll see that the tail end of that country turns up into a peninsula named Yucatan.
The water is clearer there than anywhere else. But more important even than the clearness of the water is the fact that the bottom of the sea there is littered with the wrecks of old Spanish galleons. This is the way they used to come, dodging the pirates of the nearby Spanish Main, on their rich trading voyages to the New World; past Jamaica and up between Cuba and Yucatan into the Gulf of Mexico. But if the storms swept them a little bit westward off their course, they went onto the reefs off the coast of Yucatan and down into the clear depths to lie there for centuries, gradually becoming so entrusted with coral that only a trained eye notices them.
London
London is the capital of Great Britain. More than six million people live in London. London lies on the both banks of the river Thames. It is the largest city in Europe and one of the largest cities in the world. London is not only the capital of the country, it is also a very port, one the greatest commercial centers in the world, a university city, and the seat of the government of Great Britain. The most important parts of London are: the City, the West End, the East and Westminster. The City is the busiest part of London. People do business there. Only about ten thousand people live there. The West End is the richest part of London. You can find the best shops, theatres, cinemas, museums, fine parks and squares there. Its houses and streets are the finest in the capital. The rich people live in the West End. The East End is the part of London where working people live. It is not so rich as other parts of London and there are fewer parks there. Westminster Abbey is one of the most beautiful building in London. There are many monuments of great English scientists lie buried there; among them Newton, Darwin and Watt. In the Poets’ Corner some of the famous English poets and writers are buried.
Means of Transport
People use various means of transport to get from one place to another/
In the old days people had to travel several days, weeks and months to get to the place they needed. They either went on foot, by coaches driven by horses or by boats and ships. Then trains, trams cars, buses, airplanes, underground and other means appeared.
Many people like to travel by air as it is the fastest way of travelling. A lot of people like to travel by train because they can look at passing villages, forests and fields through windows. Some people like to travel by car. There can stop when and where they want.
People who live in big cities use various means of transport to get from one place to another.
Do you know what means of transport Londoners use? Londoners use the underground railway. They call it “the tube”. London’s underground is the oldest in the world. It was opened in 1863.
Londoners use buses. The first bus route was opened in 1904. Today there are hundreds of routs there. The interesting thing is that some of the buses are double-decked buses.
Londoners do not use trams, though London was the first city where trams appeared. A nd now it is one of the biggest cities in the world where there are no trams. The last tram left the streets of London many years ago.
Londoners use cars. You can see a lot of cars in London streets.
When Londoners leave the town, they can use trains, ships or airplanes.
Brown Wolf
One day John Smith and his wife Mary found a dog. He was a very wild and strange dog. The dog was weak and hungry, but he did not let them touch him and ate the food they gave him when they went away.
When the dog was strong again, he disappeared.
A few months later, when Smith was in a train, he saw his dog. The dog was running along the road. Smith got off train at the next station, bought a piece of meat, caught the dog, and brought him home again. There he was tied up for a week.
At the end of the week Smith tied a metal plate to the dog with the words “Please, return to Smith, Ellen, California”, and set the dog free. He disappeared again.
This time he was sent back by the train, was tied up for three days, was set free on the fourth day and disappeared again.
As soon as he received his freedom, he always ran north. The dog always came back hungry and weak and always ran away fresh and strong.
At last the dog decided to stay with the Smiths, but a long time passed before they could touch him. They called the dog “Wolf”.
One summer day a stranger came to the place where Smith and his wife lived. As soon as the dog saw him, he ran to the stranger and licked his hands with his tongue. Then the strange said:
“His name isn’t Wolf. It’s Brown. He was my dog.”
“Oh,” cried Mary, “you are not going to take him away with you? Leave him here, he is happy.”
The stranger then said, “His mother died and I brought him up on condensed milk. He never knew any mother but me. Do you think he wants to stay with you?”
“I am sure of it.”
“Well,” said the stranger. “He must decide it himself. I’ll say goodbye and go away. If he wants to stay, let him stay. If he wants to come with me, let him come. I will not call him to come. ”
For some time Wolf watched the man. He waited for him to return. Then he ran after the man caught his hand between his teeth and tried to stop him. The man did not stop. Then the dog ran back to where Smith and his wife sat. He tried to drag Smith after the stranger. The dog wanted to be at the same time with the old master and the new one. The stranger disappeared. The dog lay down at the feet of Smith. Mary was happy. A few minutes later the dog got up and ran after the old master. He never turned his head. Faster and faster the dog ran along the road and in a few minutes gone.
Robin Hood
Robin Hood is a legendary hero of England. He lived in the twelfth century. The legend said Robin Hood lived in Sherwood Forest with his merry men. Robin Hood and his merry men took money from the rich and gave it the poor. There are many stories about them. Here is one of them. One day Robin Hood was walking through the forest with his men when he saw a young man. The young man was wearing a very fine red coat and singing merrily. The next morning Robin Hood saw the same young man without his fine coat. The young man was looking very sad. Robin Hood sent Little John to bring the young man. When the young man came to Robin Hood the latter asked him, “What is your name?” The young man answered that his name was Allan-a-Dale. Then Robin Hood asked: “Have you any money?” Allan-a-Dale answered, “I have only five shillings and ring that I went kept for seven years. I wanted to marry a nice young girl. Yesterday I went to marry her, but her father is against it. He wants to marry her to a rich old man. Now I am unhappy.” Robin Hood asked the young man: “What will you give me merry men if we help you to get your girl back again?” Allan-a-Daly had neither money nor gold, but he promised to be Robin Hood’s true servant. So Robin Hood decided to help Allan-a-Dale and they all went to the town where the girl lived. When they came to the town they saw the girl Allan loved. She was going into the church with the rich old man. Robin Hood and his men went into the church and asked the priest to marry the girl to Allan-a-Daly. When the priest refused, Robin Hood pulled off the priest’s coat and put it on Little John. So Little John married the young people and they returned together to the merry Greenwood.
Learning by Heart
Some people have good memories, and can easily learn quite long poems by heart. But they often forget them almost as quickly as they learn them. There are other people who can only remember things when they have said them over and over, but they do know them they don’t forget them.
Charles Dickens, the famous English author, said that he could walk down any long street in London and then tell you the name every shop he had passed. Many of great men of the world have had wonderful memories.
A good memory is a great help in learning a language. Everybody learns his own language by remembering what he hears when he is a small child, and some children who live abroad with their parents seem to learn two languages almost is easily as one. In school it is not easy to learn a second language, because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects as well.
The way for most of us remember things is to join them in our mind with something which we know already, or which we easily remember because we have a picture of it in our mind. That is why it is better to learn words in sentences, not by themselves; or to see, or do, or feel what a word means when we first use it.
The human mind is rather like a camera, but it takes photographs not only of what we see but of what we feet, hear, smell and taste. When we take a real photograph is finished and ready to show to our friends. In the same way, there is much work to be done before we can make a picture remain for ever in the mind.
Memory is the diary that we all carry about with us.
The United Nations
The United Nations is an organization of sovereign nations representing almost all of humanity. It has as its central goal the maintenance of international peace and security. Additionally, its purposes call for the development of friendly relations among nations based on equal rights and self-determination of peoples and, through international co-operation, the solution of problems an economic, social, cultural and humanitarian nature.
The United Nations is the meeting-place where representatives of all member states – great and small, rich and poor, with varying political views and social systems – have a voice and an equal vote in shaping a common course of action.
The United Nations has played, and continues to play, an active role in reducing tension in the world, preventing conflicts and putting an end to fighting already under way.
There are six main organs of the United Nations – the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, The Secretariat and the International Court of Justice. The Court has its seat at the Hague, Netherlands. All other organs are based at the United Nations Headquarters in New York.
Members of the General Assembly talk to each other in many languages, but officially there are only six – Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
The Secretarial services the other organs of the United Nations and administers the programmers and policies laid down by them. Over 20,000 men and women are employed by the United Nations with about one-third of them at the Headquarters and other two-thirds stationed around the globe. Staff members are recruited primarily from member states and are drawn from more than 140 nations, As international civil servants, each takes an oath not to seek or receive instructions from any government or outside authority.
Working for the United Nations, mostly ‘behind the scenes’ at the Headquarters, are linguists, economists, editors, social scientists, legal experts, librarians, journalists, statisticians, broadcasters, personnel officers, administrators and experts in all varied fields of activity covered by the United Nations. They prepare the reports and studies requested by various bodies of the United Nations; they issue press releases and produce publications, broadcasts and films giving information about the United Nations; and they perform the administrative duties needed to implement resolutions adopted by the various organs. In addition, there are stenographers, clerks, engineers and technicians, tour guides and also a body of security officers in blue-grey uniforms who are responsible for the security of the United Nations Headquarters. At the head of the Secretariat is the Secretary-General. The main Headquarters of the United Nations are based in New York. The United Nations Organization Secretariat occupies the higher building (see p. 315). The general Assembly is held in the lower building.
- Conan Doyle
(1859-1930)
With the words “Elementary, my dear Watson …”, the most famous detective of all time, Sherlock Holmes, starts to explain a crime to his friend, Dr. Watson. That phrase has now entered the English language. Sherlock Holmes first appeared in a book called “Study in Scarlet”. He became famous in “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes”, first published in the “Strand Magazine”. After that came a whole series of books about him: “The Memories of Sherlock Holmes”, “The Return of Sherlock Holmes”, “The Hound of the Baskervilles”, and many others. Many thousands of the Sherlock Holmes books are still sold every year. Who invented Sherlock Holmes? Arthur Conan Doyle was his Inventor. Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Scotland, of Irish parents. He was a doctor. In 1882 he moved from Scotland to England, to Southsea near Portsmouth, to set up a practice. One of the doctors he worked for Dr. Joseph Bell, was the model for Sherlock Holmes’s friend, Dr. Watson. Conan Doyle’s medical knowledge was a great help to him in his detective stories. Conan Doyle started the fashion goes on- with Simenon’s Inspector Maigret stories and the stories of other writers. And what sort of man is Sherlock Holmes? We learn a lot about him from the stories in which he appears. He has a thin face and intelligent eyes. He speaks when he has something to say. He smokes a pipe (he has a collection of them). He plays the violin. He lives at 221 ‘B’ Baker Street in London. If you go to London, you will not be able to find 221 ‘B’ Baker Street. But instead, you can go to a pub called “The Sherlock Holms”. In Northumberland Street (near Trafalgar Square). In that pub there is a room like Sherlock Holmes’s room at 221 ‘B’ Baker Street, as described in Conan Doyle’s stories. There is also the stuffed head of a hound. It is said to be the original “hound of the Baskervilles”!
Sherlock Holmes after more than eighty years is still the most famous detective in the world.
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the novelist, first created his famous character, Sherlock Holmes, in 1885. Six years later, when he wrote another group of stories about the detective, Sherlock Holmes was a name that everybody knew.When Conan Doyle began to get tired of writing detective stories, he decided “to kill” Holmes. He wrote a story in which Holmes meets his great enemy, Professor Moriarty, in Switzerland. Holmes and Moriarty fight, and fall over a cliff and are both killed. The public didn’t like it. Conan Doyle had to write another story in which Holmes comes back.
Conan Doyle was a famous writer. He became popular because of his love for people.
The Norman Conquest of England
The conquest of England by the Normans began in 1066 with the battle of Hastings, where the English fought against the Normans. The conquest was complete in 1086. Who were these Normans who conquered England? They were these Vikings or “Norsemen”, men from the North. Some 150 years before the conquest of England they came to a part of France, opposite England, a part which we now call Normandy.
What did the Norman Conquest do to England? It gave it French kings and nobles. The Normans also brought with them the French language. After the Norman Conquest there were three languages in England. There was Latin, the language of the church and the language in which all learned men wrote and spoke; the kings wrote their laws in Latin for some time after the Conquest. Then there was French, the language which the kings and nobles spoke and which many people wrote. Finally, there was the English language which remained the language of the masses of the people. Some men might know all these languages; many knew two; but most of the people knew only one. There were some people who understood the French language thought they could not speak it. Rich people who owned land, the landowners, often knew French and Latin. But poor people, the peasants did not understand French or Latin. They understood only English.
In time, however, came the general use of the English language. About 1350 English became the language of law; and at that time lived the first teacher who taught his boys to read and write English and to translate, not from Latin into French, but from Latin into English. Then between 1350 and 1400 lived Wyclif who made the first complete translation of the Bible into English, and Chauser, “ the Father of English poetry”. But the English language when it came into general use was not quite the same as it was before the Conquest. The grammar remained, but many words came into from the French language.
Scotland
Scotland lies to the north of England. People who live in Scotland are Scots. The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh, but Scotland has no separate Parliament, for the Scottish MPs (Members of Parliament) sit with the English ones in Westminster in London. Edinburgh is not the largest city in Scotland. Glasgow, which has a population of over one million, is twice as large as Edinburgh. Even so, Edinburgh remains the centre of the life of Scotland. Here are the administrative centres of the Navy, the Army and the Air Force, the chief banks and office; and the famous university. Edinburgh, unlike Glasgow, has no large factories. Publishing is its well-known industry. It has been famous for its printers since the early years of the sixteenth century, when the first Scottish printing-press was set up within its walls. The publishing of books is today a very important industry. Much printing is done for London publishing houses, and there are many paper-mills near Edinburgh.
Edinburgh is a beautiful city. The first thing you see in Edinburgh is the Rock-the very large hill in the middle of the city, on which stands Edinburgh Castle. The Castle looks like a castle from a fairy-tale, and parts of it are more than a thousand years old. From the top of the Castle there is a beautiful view of the hill and the sea. Besides the Castle there are many other interesting buildings, such as Holyrood Palace which is the old royal residence, the Art Gallery, the University of Edinburgh.
Edinburgh is famous for many things: its festivals (plays and music), its college of medicine, its museums and libraries, and for its writers Sir Walter Scott, Robert Louis Stevenson and others.
New York
In 1607 captain Henry Hudson left Europe to search for the famous North-West Passage. He didn’t find it, because it didn’t exist, but he reached a river to which he gave his name. Interested by the stories told them by the captain on his return, the Dutch sent other boats to take possession of the land discovered by Hudson and gave it the name “New Netherland”. Two men dominate the history of this colony. The second arrived in 1647 as governor of New Amsterdam, the capital of New Netherland. In 1664 this territory was taken over by the English and they changed the name of New Amsterdam to New York.
New York is one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is over 11 million people. New York is an industrial and cultural centre of the country. Most business is centred in Manhattan Island. The whole area is very small, that’s why the skyscrapers were invented in New York and, especially, in Wall Street. Wall Street is a narrow street with big houses, but it is well known all over the world as the busiest street in the USA. People do business there.
There are two more world-famous streets – Broadway and Fifth Avenue. Broadway is the centre of the theatres and night life. It is known as “The Great White Way” because of the electric sings which turn night into day. It is the city that never goes to sleep. Buses and subway run all night. There are many drug-stores and restaurants which never close their doors. There are cinemas with films that start at midnight. Fifth Avenue is the great shopping, hotel, and club avenue. If you go along this avenue, you come to Harlem, where the black people of New York live, the coloured workers, teachers, doctors and musicians.
New York is the largest port in America. More than half the trade of the United States goes through this city. There are many places of interest in New York. They are: the Statue of Liberty, the United Nations Building, Empire State Building, Columbia University, City Hall, New York Public Library and others.
Philomel Cottage
‘Good-bye, darling.’
‘Good-bye, sweetheart.’
Alix Martin stood leaning over the small rustic gate, watching husband as he walked down the road in the direction of the village.
Soon he was lost to sight, but Alix still stayed in the same position, absent-minded, her eyes far away and dreamy.
Alix was not beautiful, nor even, strictly speaking, pretty. In her youth, Miss Alix King had been a trim businesslike young woman, efficient, slightly brusque in manner. She had graduated in a hard school. For fifteen years, from the age of eighteen until she was thirty-three, she had supported herself (and, for seven years of those years, her invalid mother too ) by her work as a shorthand typist. It was the struggle for existence which had hardened the soft lines of her girlish face.
True, there had been romance – of a kind – Dick Windyford, a fellow clerk. Alix had always known that he cared. Outwardly they had been friends, nothing more. Dick had a younger brother to bring up and with his limited salary he could not think of marriage for the time being.
And then suddenly in the most unexpected manner, Alix inherited a fortune from a relative. A distant cousin had died, leaving her money to Alix – a few thousand pounds. To Alix it was freedom, life, independence. Now she and Dick need wait no longer.
But Dick reacted unexpectedly , he had never directly spoken of his love to Alix; and now he seemed less inclined to do so than ever. He avoided her, became morose and gloomy.
She liked him none the worse for it, and even began to think how to deal with the situation, when for the second time the unexpected happened to her.
She met Gerald Martin at a friend’s house. He felt violently in love with her and within a week they were engaged. Alix who had always considered herself “not the failing-in-love kind”, was swept clean off her feet.
John Constable (1776-1837)
John Constable was born in a small town in Suffolk, in the south of England. His father was a rich miller. He had a water mill. When the boy was seventeen, he left school and began to work for his father. John always liked drawing and now when the working day was over he studied drawing. His teacher was a landscape painter. John’s landscapes were good and his father let John go to London to study art there. John/s teacher in London was a landscape painter too. He liked John’s pictures and taught him for two years.
Then John’s father asked the young man to come back home and help at the mill. But in 1799 John Constable decided to take up painting as a profession. He became a student at the Royal Academy Schools in London. In 1802 there was an exhibition at the Academy and Constable
offered some of his landscapes. The president of Academy liked his landscapes and advised him to continue his studies in art. Constable was offered work as a teacher of drawing at a school, but the president of the Academy advised him not to take that work and Constable continued to study art.
In 1811 he sent a large landscape for the academy exhibition. For the first time in his life many lovers of art found Constable’s landscape good. The next years were most successful in his life. In 1824 some of his landscapes were a great success at the exhibition in Paris. In 1829 Constable became a member of the Academy.
John Constable died in 1837. In 1838 all his works were sold. His children bought many of the pictures and left them to England.
Manchester
Manchester is the second largest city in Lancashire after Liverpool. It is an industrial capital of the North of England. It has a good climate which is neither very cold nor very hot. The highest summer temperature is +27, the lowest winter temperature is -6.Manchester is 56 kilometers away from the sea, but it is the third largest port in Great Britain. The Manchester Ship Canal connects the city with the sea.
Manchester is a very old city. For a long time it was the centre of the cotton trade not only in Britain but in the whole world. Now it has a developed industry. At the factories of Manchester different machines, materials, clothes, food, soap and other things are made.
The population of Manchester itself is about half a million people, but there are nine other cities not far from Manchester. Together they are now Greater Manchester with a population of about three million people. Many factories are shut down now, workers and young people, after they finish school, cannot find work.
Manchester was the first city in Britain that built an airport. This was in 1929. Today the Manchester airport connects the city with many big cities in Britain and with different countries of the world.
Manchester is an important cultural centre. It has many libraries, museums, art galleries. The famous Halle Orchestra is in Manchester and it gives concerts twice a week. The city has many cinemas and theatres too. Manchester has been twin city of St. Petersburg since 1956. In June 1981, the two cities celebrated their Silver Jubilee of friendship.
We learn foreign language
My names’ s Petrov. I live in the centre of Moscow. I work at the Ministry of Foreign Trade. I’ m an engineer and I’m also a student. Many engineers in our Ministry learn foreign languages. I learn English in the morning. We are at a lesson now. Jane is standing at the blackboard. She’s writing an English sentence. We aren’t writing. We’re looking at the blackboard. We don’t often write in class. Sometimes we have dictations. During the lessons we read our text-book and do a lot of exercises. We don’t often speak Russian in class. We speak English to our teacher. We usually speak Russian after classes.
What’s your name? My name’s Smirnov.
Where d’you work? I work at an office. What d’you do? I’m an engineer.
Do you learn French? No, I don/t.
When d’you usually have your English? In the evening
Are you having a lesson now? No I’m not.
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