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МИНОБРНАУКИ РОССИИ
Филиал
федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения
высшего профессионального образования «Российский государственный
гуманитарный университет» в г. Тольятти Самарской области
Кафедра: Иностранного языка
Дисциплина: Иностранный язык
Специальности: Экономика и управление на предприятии (в городском хозяйстве)
Формы обучения: заочная
Курс: 4
Форма УМК: Вопросы к зачету
Преподаватели: Сорокин Ю.Я.,
Кириллова А.В.,
Благов Ю.В.
7 семестр.
MEASURING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
(ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ
АКТИВНОСТИ)
There are a large number of statistics produced regularly on the operation of the world's major economics. The UK's economy is no exception in this respect. You will probably have noticed that often the headlines in newspapers or important items on television news programmes relate to economic data and the implications for individuals and businesses. A prime example of this occurs when interest rates are increased: the media responds by highlighting the adverse effects on businesses with debts and householders with mortgages.
Data Ls provided on a wide range of aspects of the economy's operation. Statistics are available to show.
the level of unemployment
the level of inflation
a country's trade balance with the rest of the world
production volumes in key industries and the economy as a whole
the level of wages
raw material prices, and so forth.
The main statistics illustrating the economy's behavior relate to the level of activity in the economy. That is, they tell us whether the economy is working at full capacity using all or nearly all, available resources of labour, machinery and other factors of production or whether these resources are being under-utilized.
The unemployment figures for the economy give an indicator of the level of activity. As the economy moves towards a recession and a lower level of prosperity it is likely that unemployment figures will rise. An alternative measure of the level of activity is national income statistics, which show the value of a nation's output during a year. Economists use the term Gross National Product to describe this data. Changes in the level or trends of such key data have great significance for businesses, as we shall see later.
There are numerous sources of data on the economy of which we can make use. The government publishes much through the Treasury, Department of Trade and Industry, the Bank of England and the Department of Employment. The Central Statistical Office, which was established during the Second World War, publishes about half of the government's economic data.
Much of this is contained in its annual publication, "The Annual Abstract of Statistics". It also publishes the equally valuable "Social Trends" annually. Additionally, private organizations, such s the banks, building societies and universities, publish figures on various aspects of the
economy's performance.
Economic statistics are presented in many forms, the most common being graphs and tables.
Although these statistics can be valuable in assisting managers, they should be treated with some caution when predicting the future trend of the economy and thus helping the business to take effective decisions.
Assignments
I. Suggest the Russian equivalents
important items on TV programmes relate to economic data and the implications for individuals and businesses; a prune example; the adverse effects; householders; statistics are available to show; available resources Ы" labour; at full capacity; key industries; key data; the value of a nation's output; the Treasury; building societies; they should be treated with some caution; trend (find it in 3 sentences)
II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
a large number of, the operation of the world's major economics; headline, relate to; the implications for individuals and businesses; by highlighting the adverse effects on businesses; these resources are being under-utilized; figures give an indicator of changes have great significance for; numerous; additionally; economic Statistics are presented in many forms
III. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
1. The headlines in newspapers often _____________economic data and______for individuals and businesses.
2. The statistics tell us whether the economy is working using all or nearly all, resources of labor, machinery and other factors of production or whether these resources are being_____.
3. Economists use the term to describe the value of a nation's output during a year.
4. Although these statistics can be in assisting managers, they should with when_____the future trend of the economy.
IV Find in the text English equivalents for the following
много (многочисленные); а этом отношении; средства массовой информации; подчеркивать, выделять; закладные; объем производства; сырье; не полностью используется; уровень занятости; валовой национальный продукт; опубликовать в каких-либо источниках.
Преподаватель:
Сорокин Ю.Я.