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Министерство путей сообщения Российской Федерации
Федеральное агентство железнодорожного транспорта
Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
САМАРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ПУТЕЙ СООБЩЕНИЯ
учебно-методическое пособие
для студентов 1 курса
железнодорожных специальностей
Часть 1
Самара
2010
УДК 420
ББК
Ж 64
Рецензенты:
кандидат педагогических наук
Самарский государственный университет путей сообщения
И.А. Зайцева;
кандидат филологических наук
Самарский государственный медицинский университет
Н.В. Гончарова
Жесткова М.В.
Английский язык : учебно-методическое пособие для студентов 1 курса железнодорожных специальностей. Часть 1. / М.В. Жесткова, С.Я. Никитина. – Самара: СамГУПС, 2010. – 75 с.
Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов 1 курса железнодорожных специальностей дневной формы обучения. Цель данного пособия заключается в том, чтобы выработать у студентов навыки чтения, адекватного понимания и перевода текстов по специальности широкого профиля, а также активного владения основами грамматической системы современного английского языка.
УДК 420
ББК
© Жесткова М.В., 2010
© Никитина С.Я., 2010
© СамГУПС, 2010
CONTENTS
Unit One. Higher Education
Text A Samara State University of Transport 4
Text B Learning at Samara State University of Transport 13
Grammar Review 19
to be, to have
there + to be
Possessive Case
Present, Past, Future Simple Active and Passive
General and Special Questions
Unit Two. Traveling by Train
Text A Mistaken Identity (after M. Twain) 27
Text B The Man Who Took Notice of all the Notices 35
Text С Eurostar 39
Text for Additional Reading 4.50 from Paddington (after A. Christie) 44
Grammar Review 47
Present, Past, Future Continuous Active and Passive
Degrees of Comparison
Modal Verbs
Equivalents of Modal Verbs
Appendix
Watch the Film and Discuss It
(A) Traveling by “White Nights” Steam Express (Russia) 57
(B) Traveling through China 58
(C) Traveling through Andalusia (Spain) 60
Краткий грамматический справочник 62
Таблица неправильных глаголов 74
UNIT ONE
HIGHER EDUCATION
Text A
SAMARA STATE UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT
(SSUT)
region, specialist, graduation, towards, company, industry, engineer, comprise, initially, faculty, construction, initiate, technical, structure, vehicle, service, install, kind, cover, event, among, various, recent, foreign, priority, intellectual, science, scientist, miniaturized;
higher educational institution, successful career, portfolio of courses and programs, extra-mural education, degree course, computing facilities, postgraduate student.
(≠ уменьшить, сокращать) increasingly – всё больше
приводить в движение, управлять (машиной, оборудованием)
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decrease, development, employee, employer, establishment, increase, participation, participant, proposal, suggestion, support, equipment, offer, operation, railway operator.
Ex. 4. Mind the translation of the words develop and development.
to develop a project, to develop speed, to develop a system, to develop industry, the development of national economy, the development of new equipment, the development of a system, the development of transport.
Ex. 6. Complete the sentences with a word from the list.
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Современный ticket-vending machines have been недавно installed at the railway station.
Railway transport is an important отрасль of industry employing thousands of people.
Our company предоставлять free technical поддержка for those buying our computer оборудование.
Professor Wilson was invited to speak about the results of his исследование.
We asked high school students to принять участие в an anti-drugs campaign.
No one wants to принимать на работу somebody who badmouths (=says unpleasant things about) their former работодатель.
Доступ to this confidential information was denied to journalists.
The company plans to увеличить its штат to 1,000 сотрудники.
Regular servicing guarantees the smooth работа of the оборудование.
Such engineers as Frolov, Yartzev and Polsunov made great contribution (вклад) to the развитие of railway transport in Russia.
Различные транспортные средства are used for transporting passengers and freight over long distances.
The first suspension bridges (подвесные мосты) were made of six strong cables, four of which поддерживать a platform and two cables served as handrails.
Siemens has won a contract to оборудовать China’s first 300km/h line with signaling and communications equipment.
At the end of the conference, all the участники were asked to fill out a questionnaire.
The track gang (путевая бригада) must inspect a railway track and track сооружения all year round.
Ex. 8. Change one word in each sentence so that it makes sense.
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academic staff |
строительство железных дорог |
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to cover interesting events |
конкурс талантов |
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department |
сетевые ПК |
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Doctorate degree holder |
университетский городок |
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intellectual contest |
кафедра |
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job market |
широкий спектр услуг |
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to maintain contacts |
перечень (разнообразие) курсов |
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networked PCs |
освещать интересные события |
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online news services |
учебный полигон |
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PhD paper |
профессорско-преподавательский состав |
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portfolio of courses |
рынок труда |
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railway construction |
КВН |
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simulation test ground |
доктор наук |
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talent show |
кандидатская диссертация |
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university campus |
поддерживать контакты |
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wide range of services |
новости в режиме онлайн |
Ex. 11. Read the sentences, replacing the Russian words/phrases with their English equivalents from the list, and translate them.
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Education Development
institution
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Ex. 13. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the constructions:
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either…or – или…или…, либо..либо… neither…nor – ни…ни… |
Ex. 14. Read the text and translate it.
Samara State University of Transport (SSUT)
Samara State University of Transport is the only higher educational institution in the Volga region, which trains specialists for railway transport. SSUT has a strong orientation towards the job market; it offers a broad portfolio of courses and programs, which meet the needs of our students and their employers. Many former students have started a successful career in the rail industry after their graduation from Samara State University of Transport. The University is playing an increasingly important role for local companies and the region’s development.
Our higher school was set up in 1973 as Kuibyshev Railway Engineering Institute. The first admission comprised 75 students. Initially, two faculties were opened: Railway Operation Faculty and Railway Construction Faculty. They were located in a building at 18 Bezymyanny pereulok.
In 2007, our higher school was granted University status. The University has branches in the cities of Orenburg, Orsk, Ruzaevka, Ufa. SSUT initiated the establishment of the University complex including railway technical schools in Samara, Orenburg, Penza, Rtishchevo, Saratov, Kazan, Ufa and other towns.
The University has three institutes – Institute for Transport Engineering1, Institute for Transport Structures and Vehicles2, Institute for Transport Economics and Management; three faculties – Transport Faculty of Electrical Engineering; Extra-Mural Faculty and Faculty of Continuing Education Development. Teaching is provided either in the full-time form or in the form of extra-mural education. There are thirty-seven departments; sixteen departments offer degree courses.
Staff and students enjoy a wide range of computing services. State-of-the-art computing facilities support teaching, learning and research activities. Over 1200 computers are installed in forty-five computer classes. Access is available to all kinds of electronic information, including bibliographic databases, electronic journals and online news services. These are also available mostly on networked PCs. The scientific library stocks over 800 thousand books and periodicals.
Samara State University of Transport runs its own website. Two University papers cover the most interesting events of the University life.
SSUT contains fourteen buildings equipped with the latest facilities. The University has a simulation test ground (miniaturized railway station operating in real time) which is the best among railway higher schools. It houses over forty most advanced vehicles.
The students’ body is over 10 thousand. The academic faculty numbers over 700 people, among them 80 are Professors and Doctorate degree holders and over 360 have PhD degree in various sciences. All education is linked to research. 85% of academic staff are research active. 200 postgraduate students write their PhD papers.
In recent years, Samara State University of Transport has been focusing on the cooperation with leading foreign universities. Close contacts are maintained with higher schools of Great Britain, Germany, Sweden, Poland, Ireland.
A large number of SSUT students come from other towns or regions. There are four students’ halls close to the University campus.
Physical development of students is a top priority for the University administration. A swimming pool and fitness centers help students to keep fit. All these facilities are only a short distance from the students’ halls. SSUT students are active participants in popular local, national and international sports competitions as well as in talent shows and intellectual contests.
Notes: 1Institute for Transport Engineering – транспортный общеинженерный институт;
2Institute for Transport Structures and Vehicles – институт транспортной техники и
сооружений;
3departments offer degree courses – кафедры являются ведущими.
Ex. 17. Using the questions below, make up stories on the following topics:
(A) The school I went to
(B) Entering the University
Самарский государственный университет путей сообщения (СамГУПС) готовит специалистов для железных дорог и предприятий (businesses) железнодорожного транспорта. Наш вуз был основан в 1973 году как Куйбышевский институт инженеров железнодорожного транспорта. Первый набор составил 75 человек. В то время институт имел два факультета – эксплуатационный факультет и строительный факультет.
В 2007 году вузу был присвоен статус университета. СамГУПС выступил с инициативой создания университетского комплекса, который включает филиалы в Оренбурге, Орске, Рузаевке и Уфе, а также техникумы в Самаре, Оренбурге, Пензе, Саратове, Казани и других городах Поволжья.
Сейчас в институте обучается 10 тысяч студентов и работает свыше 700 преподавателей. СамГУПС имеет три института, три факультета, 37 кафедр. 16 кафедр являются выпускающими. 14 корпусов университета оснащены новейшим учебным и научным оборудованием. Студенты и преподаватели имеют доступ к современным информационным ресурсам через Интернет. СамГУПС имеет 45 компьютерных классов. Учебный полигон нашего вуза является лучшим среди железнодорожных университетов России.
Вы можете узнать об университете на сайте СамГУПС или из газет, которые освещают наиболее важные и интересные события студенческой жизни.
Руководство СамГУПС уделяет большое внимание международному сотрудничеству с ведущими зарубежными вузами, например, Германии, Великобритании, Польши, Швеции и других стран.
В университете есть четыре общежития для студентов, которые приезжают из других городов. На территории университетского городка находится большой спортивный комплекс с плавательным бассейном и фитнес-центрами. Многие студенты принимают активное участие в региональных и международных соревнованиях.
Text B
LEARNING AT
SAMARA STATE UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT
Ex. 1. Practice the reading of the words and phrases.
entrance, unified, length, lecture, lecturer, allow, area, laboratory, others, dozen, discuss, variety, major, study, Mathematics, Physics, Mechanics, Chemistry, Economics, Logistics, might, choice, together, exam, final, commission, subject, term, continue, senior, regularly, recruit, control, own, integral;
digital voice recorder, general engineering subjects, foreign language.
Ex. 2. Copy the following words and phrases and memorize their meanings.
broad (= wide) – широкий
discussion – обсуждение
own – свой, собственный
предоставлять (услугу, информацию и т.п.)
skilled – квалифицированный
variety – ряд, множество
useful – полезный |
Ex. 3. Read the sentences and translate them.
Ex. 4. Complete the sentences with a preposition from the box given below.
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about after before by during in for into of under with |
Ex. 5. Read the sentences, replacing the italicized Russian words with their English equivalents.
Ex. 6. Guess the meaning of the words and phrases below.
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Ex. 8. Match the sentences in column A with the synonymous statements in column B.
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Ex. 9. Read the text and translate it.
Learning at Samara State University of Transport
Entrance to the University is on the basis of the Unified State Examinations for the secondary school.
Most courses at Samara State University of Transport are five years in length. The academic year is divided into 2 terms: from September to January and from February to July.
Teaching is carried out in various forms: lectures, seminars, group work, independent work, etc. Lectures are the most traditional form of teaching in higher education. They allow lecturers to provide information and to focus on difficult areas in some detail. The number of lectures varies from course to course. The engineering students have usually more lectures and laboratory lessons. There are many ways to make notes from lectures. Some people use digital voice recorders to record the lecture and make their notes later. Others scribble down brief notes as the lecture goes along. You will soon learn what is most useful to you. At a seminar, a group of a dozen students meets with a teacher to discuss the material of the lecture.
A wide variety of general engineering subjects as well as majors are studied, for example Mathematics, Physics, Mechanics, Chemistry, History, Transport Economics and Logistics, Railway Operation, Railway Construction, Computer Science and many others.
Railway engineer is a profession that can take you around the world. If this is your aim then you might wish to broaden your communication skills by learning a foreign language. You have the choice of learning English, German, or French together with your engineering degree. The University offers a program in foreign language professional communication. The language course gives SSUT students a chance to get a good job and to travel around the world.
Tests and exams are taken at the end of each term. The final year is devoted to working on the graduation project, which is submitted to the State Examination Commission. The subjects of diploma papers are oriented towards the needs of railway transport. For those students who want to continue their education, SSUT has a post-graduate course.
SSUT has strong links with major railways of the Russian Federation that provide work placements for our senior students and regularly recruit our graduates.
Studying at University is very different from going to school or attending college. One of the biggest changes between university and school or college is that you are in control of your own learning. Developing your study skills is an integral part of your life as a University student.
Ex. 10. Answer the following questions.
Ex. 11. Some odd words in the sentences below make the statements nonsensical. Correct the mistakes and translate the sentences into Russian.
Ex. 17. Using the questions below, make up a story on the following topic:
You are a freshman now
Do you like being a student?
Was it difficult for you to get accustomed (привыкать) to the system of lectures and seminars after the school system of classes?
What do you find more useful: lectures of seminars?
Do yon always take notes of lectures?
Is it difficult or easy for you to follow the lectures?
Some lectures are certainly more interesting than others. What does interest depend on? (It depends on the subject of the lecture or the personality of the lecturer)
Why are some lectures boring (скучный)? (the subject is boring; the subject is of no importance to you; the subject is too difficult for you to master; you find it hard to concentrate; you are not interested in the subject; you are not yet accustomed to listening to lectures every day; you get tired easily; the lecturer’s manner of speech is monotonous; the lecturer speaks too fast for you to make notes; the lecturer gives no original information; the lecturer’s arguments are too complicated for you)
What subjects are included in the first-year program at your faculty?
What subject is the most interesting; the least interesting; the one you think the most important; the one you find the most difficult?
What must you do to pass your winter exams successfully?
What marks do you expect to get?
How much time do you spend to prepare your homework?
Do you have a lot of spare time?
What do you usually do during your spare time?
Grammar Review
Ex. 1. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the verbs to be and to have. Put general and special questions to the underlined words.
to be
to have
Ex. 2. Read the sentences and translate them, paying attention to the construction there + to be.
Ex. 3. Complete the sentences with the verb to be in the required tense form and translate them.
Ex. 4. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the nouns in the Possessive Case.
Ex. 5. Give 4 forms of the following regular verbs. Mind the reading of the -ed ending.
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Ex. 6. Learn 3 forms of the following irregular verbs.
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Ex. 7. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the verb tense form. Put general questions and give short answers.
Ex. 8. Express the idea in Present, Past and Future Simple.
Ex. 9. Put special questions to the following sentences. Begin with the question-words given in brackets.
Ex. 10. Put the verbs in brackets into the required form of the Active Voice.
Ex. 11. Read the text, using the verbs in brackets in the required tense form of the Active Voice. Put five special questions to the text.
Train Model
One of Moscow designers1 (to make – Present Simple) micro models of different vehicles. This (to be – Present Simple) his hobby. His first model (to be – Past Simple) a plane. Its weight (to be – Past Simple) 0.35 gr. It (to work – Past Simple) and (to make – Past Simple) several circuits in the air.
In the last 10 years, he (to construct – Past Simple) eight unique working micro models. He (to make – Past Simple) them of wood with the help of a knife.
His collection (to include – Present Simple) a little locomotive and a car – 13 cm and 18 cm long respectively. The locomotive (to consist – Present Simple) of 2,566 separate parts and the car – of 1,035. It (to take – Past Simple) him four months to study the locomotive design and fifteen months to build this model.
The locomotive and the car (to work – Present Simple) like full-size models. There (to be – Present Simple) even a whistle2 1 mm long. You can control the whole operation from the locomotive.
Notes: 1designer – конструктор;
2whistle – гудок.
Ex. 12. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the tense/voice form of the verbs. Put general questions and give short answers.
Ex. 13. Put special questions. Begin with the question-words in brackets.
Ex. 14. Put the verbs into the required tense/voice form. Translate the sentences.
Ex. 15. Say the same, using the Passive Voice.
Model: The designers will test the new locomotive tomorrow.
The new locomotive will be tested by the designers tomorrow.
Ex. 16. Say the same, using the Active Voice.
Model: The heavy freight trains are hauled by two locomotives.
Two locomotives haul the heavy freight trains.
Ex. 17. Find grammar mistakes and correct them. The number of mistakes is pointed out in brackets.
UNIT TWO
TRAVELING BY TRAIN
Text A
MISTAKEN IDENTITY
(after M. Twain)
Ex. 1. Practice the reading of the following words.
crowd, official, vacant, would, to whisper, conductor, to realize, politeness, grateful, couple, entirely, disposal, to touch, comfortable, to bow, above, below, to burn, whole, attitude, companion, recognize.
Ex. 2. Copy the following words and phrases and memorize their meanings.
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to add – добавлять to appear – появляться to arrive in /at – прибывать в (город, страну) / на станцию (аэропорт) arrival – прибытие to change – менять, изменять to change trains – делать пересадку (с поезда на поезд) compartment – купе to depart – отправляться departure – отправление entire (= whole, total) – весь, общий, целый to fix – устанавливать; прикреплять to get on (= to board, to take) the train – заходить (садиться) в поезд to get off the train – выходить из поезда to improve – улучшать, усовершенствовать improvement – улучшение, усовершенствование luggage rack – багажная полка to notice – замечать to serve – служить, обслуживать service – обслуживание, услуга; перевозки, движение to try – пытаться, пробовать |
Ex. 3. Read the sentences and translate them.
The passengers were invited to get on the train and take their seats.
Where can I change my traveler’s cheques into dollars?
The dining car was crowded but we were served rather fast.
If you buy train tickets in advance (заранее), 1% will be added to the price.
The railway is developing a major change program to improve the quality of passenger services.
Foreign tourists are provided by AMTRAK (“American Track” – the major passenger railroad company) with the railway tickets for 14, 21 and 60 days, which allow them to go by any train in any compartment and to change trains in any place and at any time.
A luggage rack is a metal frame fixed to the roof of a car and used for carrying bags, cases and other large objects.
Travel from Berlin to St. Petersburg by direct train. It departs from Berlin on Fridays and Sundays all year round at 15:15 and arrives in St. Petersburg (at the Vitebsky terminal) at 06:15 two nights later.
One of the first things a foreigner notices about the British railways is the platforms. They are almost on a level with the floor of the carriage. This makes it easier for passengers to get on and off the car with their luggage.
The first double-deck buses appeared in London in 1851. At that time, the upper deck had no roof and the passengers were given raincoats to put on if it started to rain.
The information about the platform number and times of the train’s arrival and departure can be received in the enquiry office.
During the World War II, the underground stations served as air-raid shelters for thousands of Londoners.
When the engine driver saw the car on the track, he tried to brake but it was too late.
Ex. 4. Match the two parts of the sentences.
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Ex. 5. Guess the meaning of the italicized words, using their dictionary definitions.
airports, etc.
possessions when you travel
as a waiter or a taxi driver
Ex. 6. Read the sentences, replacing the Russian words with their English equivalents.
Увеличение in train плата за проезд has aroused public indignation (возмущение).
Проводник punched our tickets and showed us our seats.
In the US, if you take носильщик to carry your чемоданы в вагон, it is necessary to give him чаевые.
Eddy is a great попутчик – funny and sensible at the same time.
I don’t go to football games because I don’t like big толпа.
Children under 14 travel by train half-плата за проезд.
I asked in касса whether they could поменять my ticket.
The boy carried my bags up to my room and then stood waiting for чаевые.
Police Superintendent Tony Thompson said 144 passengers had bought tickets, but there could have been more or fewer в поезде.
In купе, passengers put their чемоданы into a special box under the lower полка.
Плата за проезд on the London Underground depends on the distance you travel.
If you want to become a train проводник, you can complete the course in 23 weeks. This course включать both classroom instruction and on-the-job training.
In Britain, railway stations usually have билетные кассы, ticket machines, or both, although on some lines tickets are sold в поезде.
He and his bride зашли в поезд, and проводник announced: "All aboard!"
Ex. 7. Read the text, filling the gaps with a word from the list.
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Every Friday, I drive to the station and to 1___ to London to meet my boyfriend. I 2___ the flat at 6 o’clock. The 3___ is terrible at that time and the journey takes 20 minutes. I get on a train to Cambridge first and then 4___. I listen to the announcement (объявление) about which 5___ to go to and then I 6___ to find a seat. If I haven't bought the 7___ in advance I sometimes have to (приходится) stand 8___. In London, there are usually 9___ of tourists with large 10___ waiting for tickets in front of the 11___. I squeeze (пробираться, протискиваться) past them and join the queue at the 12___ and wait for a taxi. If I’m at the back of the 13___, I feel impatient and nervous. I really hate 14___. My boyfriend always says: ‘Why don’t you 15___ ?’ but that takes even longer. The taxi 16___ from the station is £4.50. Altogether, the 17___ costs me about £30. Should I 18___ my job and work in London or should I get a new boyfriend? |
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Ex. 8. Match the verbs in column A with their Russian equivalents in column B. Consult the dictionary if necessary.
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to bother |
узнавать, признавать |
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to burn |
выворачивать наизнанку |
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to continue |
показывать, указывать |
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to disappear |
следовать |
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to interrupt |
поворачиваться, отворачиваться |
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to feel hurt |
угождать |
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to follow |
говорить шёпотом, шептать |
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to hand |
исчезать |
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to please |
гореть |
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to point |
(при)касаться, дотрагиваться |
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to realize |
давать, вручать |
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to recognize |
прерывать |
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to touch |
надоедать, беспокоить |
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to turn one’s back |
продолжать |
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to turn inside out |
понимать, осознавать |
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to whisper |
обижаться |
Ex. 9. Complete the sentences with the required verbs from Ex. 8. Four verbs should be used twice. Mind your grammar!
I ___ that you are very busy, but could I talk to you for a few minutes?
You don’t have to ___, no one can hear us.
In English the letter Q is always ___ by a U.
The plane came down so low that its wings ___ the trees.
She watched the boat sail out to sea until it ___ over the horizon.
That security guy never ___ me. I always have to show him my ID.
The teacher ___ at Marcus and told him to come to the front of the class.
An average household candle will ___ for about six hours.
Alice ___ deeply ___ that he hadn’t called back.
Sorry to ___ you, but could you help me one more time with the copier?
You should ___ the jeans ___ before you wash it.
The project’s organizers hope the government will ___ funding it next year.
She’s hard to ___. Everything has to be perfect.
We hadn’t seen each other in thirty years, but I ___ her right away.
The compass arrow always ___ north.
Train service was ___ for about ten minutes.
The patrol car ___ the BMW for a few miles and then lost it.
The letter had mysteriously ___ from the file overnight.
All the delegates entered the room; they were each ___ a name-badge.
When on stage, try not to ___ on the audience.
Ex. 10. (A) Practice the following expressions and memorize their meanings.
(We have) nothing left – (У нас) ничего не осталось.
to be in (good, bad) mood – быть в (хорошем, плохом) настроении
to be at smb.’s disposal – быть в чьём-либо распоряжении
to be of service to smb. – оказывать услугу кому-либо
to make smb. comfortable – помочь кому-либо устроиться
to make oneself comfortable – устроиться (удобно)
(B) Read the sentences and translate them.
I’ve only got a few dollars left.
There were a couple of vacant seats left at the back of the bus.
Hurry up! We don’t have much time left.
Nothing was left of the house.
Suddenly, for the first time in months, I found myself in a very good mood.
The good weather put him in an excellent mood.
The boss is in a bad mood, you’d better come some other time.
He is in a much better mood than usual.
Jasper had a lot of cash at his disposal.
The company’s car was at my disposal.
Please allow me to be of service to you.
We try to make ourselves comfortable on the hard bench, but there is no back to lean against.
Look, why don’t you sit down and make yourself comfortable?
Come in and make yourself comfortable.
Ex. 11. (A) Pay attention to the phrase:
(I) asked … if (I) could … .
(Я) спросил (поинтересовался), могу ли (я) … .
I asked the clerk in the booking office if I could change my ticket.
I asked my traveling companion if he could help me to put my suitcase on the luggage rack.
The conductor asked me if I could take the upper berth.
The old lady asked the porter if he could carry her luggage to the taxi stop.
The passenger asked the official in the information bureau if he could tell why the train was being late.
(B) Make your own sentences, using the phrase given above.
Ex. 12. Make sure you know the following words. If not, consult a dictionary.
angrily, attitude, below, bow, couple, except, expression, grateful, politeness, same, speech, suddenly.
Ex. 13. Read the story by Mark Twain part by part; translate it and be ready to do exercises 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
Mistaken Identity
(I) Several years ago I arrived in New York, where I was to change trains and take a sleeper1. There were crowds of people on the platform; they were all trying to get on the long sleeper train, which was already crowded. I asked the young man in the booking office if I could have a sleeping-berth. The answer was: “No”. I went off and asked another local official2 if I could have some poor little corner somewhere in a sleeping car. The man interrupted me angrily saying: “No, you can’t, every corner is full. Do not bother me any more”. He turned his back and walked off. I felt so hurt that I said to my companion: “If these people knew who I was, they… .” But my companion stopped me there: “Don’t talk such nonsense. If they knew who you were, do you think it would help you to get a vacant seat in a train which has no vacant seats in it?”
My friend’s words did not improve my mood, but then I noticed that the porter of a sleeping car was looking at me. I saw the expression of his face suddenly change. Pointing at me, the porter whispered something to the conductor. I realized that I was being talked about.
(II) The conductor came forward, his face all politeness.
“Can I be of any service to you?” he asked. “Do you want a place in a sleeping car?”
“Yes,” I said. “I will be very grateful to you if you can give me a place; anything will do.”
“We have nothing left except the big family compartment,” the conductor continued, “with two berths and a couple of arm-chairs in it. It is entirely at your disposal3. Here, Tom, take these suitcases aboard!” Then he touched his hat and went off.
(III) The porter made us comfortable in the compartment and then he said, with many bows and smiles:
“Is there anything you want, sir? Because you can have anything you want.”
“Can I have some hot water?” I asked.
“Yes, sir, I’ll get it myself.”
“Good! Well…, this lamp is too high above the berth. Can I have a better lamp fixed at the head of my bed below the luggage rack, so that I can read comfortably?”
“Yes, sir. The lamp you want is being fixed in the next compartment. I will get it from there and fix it here. It will burn all night long. Sir, you can ask for anything you want – the whole railroad will be turned inside out to please you.” After that he disappeared.
(IV) I smiled at my companion and said:
“Well, what do you say now? Didn’t their attitude change the moment they understood I was Mark Twain?” My companion did not answer. So I added:
“Don’t you like the way you are being served? And all for the same fare.”
As I was saying this, the porter’s smiling face appeared in the doorway and this speech followed:
“Oh, sir, I recognized you the minute I set my eyes on you.”
“Is that so, my boy?” I said, handing him a good tip. “And who am I?”
“Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” was the answer, and the porter disappeared again.
Notes: 1sleeper (train) = overnight train – ночной поезд;
2official – служащий;
3at your disposal – к вашим услугам.
Ex. 14. Answer the following questions. (Part I)
In what city did Mark Twain arrive?
Did he travel alone or did he have a companion?
Did he want to do a tour around this city?
Why were there a lot of people on the platform?
What ticket did Mark Twain want to get?
Was the clerk in the booking office helpful to him? What about another local official?
What was Mark’s mood?
Did Mark Twain want railway officials to know that he was a famous writer?
In what way did Mark’s companion react to these words? (Could this news help get tickets for the crowded train?)
Why did Mark Twain pay attention to the porter of a sleeping car? (Was anything unusual about the man?)
Could Mark hear what the porter was telling the conductor?
Why did Mark Twain realize that he was being talked about?
Ex. 15. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English. (Part II)
Проводник был очень вежлив с пассажирами купейного вагона.
Я могу быть вам чем-то полезен?
Я спросил у служащего в билетной кассе, могу ли я купить билет в купейный вагон.
Я буду вам очень благодарен, если вы покажете мне город.
Я бы хотел почитать какой-нибудь детектив. – Вы хотите книгу английского или русского автора? – Все равно (подойдет любая).
После вечеринки в холодильнике ничего не осталось.
Научная библиотека в вашем распоряжении – вы можете читать любые книги и периодические издания.
Носильщик отнес наши чемоданы в вагон.
Ex. 16. Choose the right alternative to complete the sentence. (Part III)
The porter left the compartment with many … .
According to the porter, Mark Twain and his companion could have … .
a) nothing they wanted b) something they wanted c) anything they wanted
The passengers asked for some … .
The porter was ready to … .
a) bring it himself b) boil it himself c) buy it himself
Mark Twain and his traveling companion wanted the lamp to be … .
The porter promised to take a lamp from … .
This lamp will burn … .
The porter was sure the whole railroad will be turned inside out to … .
Ex. 17. Translate Part IV of the text into Russian. Try to be as creative as possible when doing this task!
Ex 18. Mark the following statements as ‘True’ or ‘False’. Correct the false statements.
Last year Mark Twain arrived in Washington where he was to change buses.
At the railway station, there were many people trying to get on the local train.
Mark Twain asked the clerk in the booking office if he could change the ticket.
There were no tickets for the sleeper train available in the booking office.
Mark Twain asked the local official if he could help him and his companion to get the tickets for the sleeper.
The local official was very polite.
The famous writer felt deeply hurt when nobody recognized him.
The porter named Willy seemed to recognize Mark Twain.
There was only one vacant compartment aboard.
The compartment was very large and comfortable: there were two berths and a couple of chairs in it.
Twain asked the porter if he could fix the better lamp above the luggage rack.
Twain’s companion was very pleased with the way they were being served.
The porter thought Mark Twain to be Mayor of New York.
Text B
THE MAN WHO TOOK NOTICE
OF ALL THE NOTICES
Ex. 1. Match the English words and phrases in column A with their Russian equivalents in column B.
|
A |
B |
|
to take notice of smth. |
|
|
notice |
|
|
signalman |
|
|
to run the station (business, etc) |
|
|
to polish |
|
|
ticket collector |
|
|
to paint |
|
|
cleaner |
|
|
waiting room |
|
|
to remind |
|
|
to retire |
|
|
to be strict about the rule |
|
|
master |
|
|
chief |
|
Ex. 2. Read the sentences and translate them.
I didn’t convince (убеждать) the ticket collector that I had lost my ticket only some moments before.
The railway plans to modernize its wagon fleet; about 480 passenger coaches will be painted in a new livery (= color), re-painted inside and equipped with new comfortable seats.
There was a notice on the announcement board saying the flight had been cancelled.
He had run the railway station for 30 years but had to retire on medical grounds.
Passengers were reminded that no smoking was allowed on this train.
A signalman is a railroad worker responsible for operating signals and switches.
Having worked as a cleaner, painter and bus driver, Neil decided to go back to University.
After graduating from Edinburgh University, Robert Stephenson, George Stephenson’s only son, ran the Newcastle locomotive works. In 1833, he was appointed chief engineer of the London and Birmingham Railway, the first railway into London.
To avoid accidents, both drivers and pedestrians must be strict about the traffic rules.
I was so intent (сосредоточенный) on my work that I didn’t take notice of the time.
When the train is on motion, the train master communicates with passengers over a public address system.
After his demobilization from the Navy, he was accepted by the railway authorities as a signalman.
Ex. 3. Complete the sentences with the words from Ex 1. Several words should be used twice. Mind your grammar!
The tickets should not be thrown away as ___ may check them during the trip.
China is a vast country and the railways are the chief means of land transport.
James had previously worked at the depot as a wagon ___ but then he was promoted to the assistant of mechanic.
The station ___ said that no trains had arrived at the station during the night because of the heavy snowstorm in the mountains.
I just want to ___ you that your task (задание) must be completed by Friday.
A ___ passed by our train, motioning with his green flag.
He ___ the piano until the wood shone.
All the passengers should ___ of behavior aboard.
Employees can ___ at 60 if they choose.
At each railway station, there is a ___ where passengers can rest until boarding the train.
The ___ engineer ordered these devices to be repaired as fast as possible.
The ___ made two passengers get off the train because they didn’t pay fares.
We finish work at six, and then the ___ come in.
In the UK, men usually ___ in their late 50s or early 60s.
On the first railways there were no signals because trains were few and traveled at low speeds. But as trains became more frequent, the railways began to employ men known as ___ to regulate the traffic.
These glasses allow you to see the film in 3D format.
We do not allow smoking in the hall.
Railcard is a card that can be bought at train stations in Britain by students and people over 60. It allows them to buy train tickets at a reduced price for a period of one year.
Radios are not permitted in the library.
Visitors are not permitted to take photographs in the church.
We hope to visit the castle, if time permits.
The password permits access to all files on the hard disk.
Cash machines permit you to withdraw (снимать) money at any time.
I would like to go to Europe this summer, but my parents won’t let me.
Let me help you to put the suitcase on the luggage rack.
The management forbids employees to accept tips from customers.
The United States has forbidden the use of federal funds for human cloning research.
Ex. 5. Practice the phrase:
It doesn’t matter … – Не имеет значения …
It doesn't matter what you wear – you should look neat and tidy.
Does it matter what I think?
We’ve missed the train. – It doesn't matter, there’s another one in 10 minutes.
Well, what were you saying about John? – Forget it, it doesn’t matter.
It doesn’t matter if you’re a few minutes late. We’ll wait for you.
It doesn’t matter what other people think. You should do what you think is best.
Ex. 6. Listen to the tape and practice the reading of the text. Try to imitate the speaker as best as you can. Translate the text, using a dictionary, if necessary.
The Man Who Took Notice of All the Notices
My Uncle Tom worked on the railway. It wasn’t a big station. Only about two trains a day stopped there; and Tom was a station master, a chief porter, and a signalman – all in one. In fact, Tom did any work that came along, and there wasn’t a happier man in the whole England.
The chief cleaner (Tom) cleaned the waiting room of the station every day; the chief ticket collector (Tom) sold and collected the tickets – sometimes there were as many as four tickets a day – and the chief clerk1 (Tom) counted the money every evening.
Tom ran the station very well. He was very strict about the rules. He knew what a passenger was allowed to do and what wasn’t; where a passenger was permitted to smoke and where smoking was forbidden.
He was there for fifty years and then he had to retire. The representative of the Railway Company thanked Tom and gave him a small check as a present. Tom was very pleased but he said: “I don’t need money, but can I have, instead, something that will remind me of the happy days I have spent here? Could the company let me have a part of an old railway carriage, just one compartment? It doesn’t matter how old and broken it is. I want to put it into my back garden and every day I could go and sit in it.”
About a week later, a compartment was sent to him. Tom put it into his back garden, cleaned it, painted it and polished it.
One day, about a year after Tom retired we decided to visit him. It was a bad day for a visit, it was raining hard. We knocked but there was no answer. We went into the garden, sure enough, he was there, but he wasn’t sitting in the carriage, he was outside, on the step of the carriage, smoking a pipe.
“Hello, Tom,” I said, “why are you sitting there, why don’t you go inside the carriage out of the rain?” “Can’t you see?” – said Tom, “the carriage is a non-smoker!”
Note: 1clerk – зд.: бухгалтер.
Ex. 7. Choose the best alternative to complete the sentences.
Uncle Tom worked at a small station. It means that … .
a few trains left this station
a few trains made a stop on this station
no trains stopped on this station
Uncle Tom was the station master. It means that … .
he was in charge of the station operation
he was the owner of the station
he was allowed to sell tickets
Uncle Tom was the ticket collector. It means that … .
he had a great collection of train tickets
he printed tickets
he sold tickets to passengers
Uncle Tom was the chief clerk. It means that … .
he was in charge of the station’s finances
he was in charge of the station’s locomotives and carriages
he was in charge of collecting tickets
Uncle Tom was very strict about the rules. It means that … .
he knew what the train fare was
he knew what a passenger was allowed to do and what wasn’t
he knew that smoking was forbidden on board the train
After fifty years of work Uncle Tom had to retire. It means that … .
he got a bonus
he stopped working because he has reached a certain age
he left his job because he didn’t like it any more.
The representative of the Railway Company gave Tom a small check. It means that … .
he received a printed piece of paper with an amount of money written on it
he received a small box filled with all kinds of presents
he received a large box filled with all kinds of small presents
Instead of money Uncle Tom wanted to have something that would remind him of the happy days he had spent on the station. It means that … .
he wanted to have something related to railway
he wanted to have something related to his childhood
he wanted to have something related to his youth
The day Tom’s relatives decided to visit him was a bad one. It means that … .
it was raining cats and dogs
it was snowing
it was very cold and windy
Uncle Tom didn’t go inside the car because it was a non-smoker. It means that … .
he didn’t smoke
he was very strict about the rules
he wanted to welcome his guests
Ex. 8. What do you think might be the best translation of the story’s title?
Text С
Ex. 1. Practice the reading of the following words.
|
to accept – принимать to check in (baggage) – регистрировать (багаж) change machine – разменный автомат coach – междугородный автобус; вагон с сидячими местами to deposit – отдавать на хранение in advance – заранее left luggage locker – автоматическая камера хранения left luggage office – (ручная) камера хранения lorry – грузовик power socket – розетка to refurbish – обновлять, модернизировать, реконструировать refurbishment – обновление, модернизация, реконструкция to reserve (= to book) – бронировать, заказывать |
Ex. 3. Read the sentences and translate them into Russian.
Ask your travel agent about check-in times.
Tickets can be booked 21 days in advance by calling the box office at 622-2823.
A lorry driver signaled to the elderly lady to cross the road.
After considerable discussion, the clients decided to accept our offer.
Our friends went to Italy on a coach tour.
When Oxford railway station was refurbished 3 years ago, it was criticized for its lack (отсутствие) of disabled facilities.
Students accepted by Stanford Law School had very high scores on the LSAT (Law School Admissions Test)
We checked in our luggage and went to the departure lounge (зал ожидания).
Is the cable long enough to reach the power socket?
The railway will not accept responsibility (ответственность) for items lost or stolen.
At a railway station or airport, you can leave your bags or suitcases for a short time in a left-luggage office or in a locker.
It’s expected that 150,000 lorries will use the refurbished terminal every year.
Delta Airlines Inc., a US airline, offers a telephone check-in service for first and business class passengers with hand baggage.
On some tourist trains, passengers may deposit their valuables in the train safe.
The passengers were surprised by luxurious interior design of the recently refurbished carriages.
Ex. 4. Translate the words in the box and match them with the definitions below.
|
автоматическая камера хранения междугородный автобус грузовик модернизировать отдавать на хранение принимать разменный автомат розетка (ручная) камера хранения |
Ex. 5. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
Вы можете заказать билеты на поезд через Интернет.
Наше турагентство организует автобусные туры в Финляндию, Польшу и Италию.
Правое крыло железнодорожной станции закрыто на (for) реконструкцию. Там будут установлены автоматические камеры хранения и автоматы для размена монет.
Извините, но мы не принимаем дорожные чеки.
Пассажиры должны зарегистрироваться за час до отправления.
Он оставил кейс в камере хранения.
Все купе вагона первого класса оборудованы розетками для зарядки сотового телефона или ноутбука.
Поезд состоял из одного багажного и четырёх пассажирских вагонов.
What is Eurostar? (the high-speed passenger train)
What cities does this service connect? (London, Paris and Brussels)
When did it start running? (in 1994)
How many carriages are there in this train? (18)
What carriages does Eurostar contain? (both 1st class and 2nd class carriages)
How can you reserve tickets for Eurostar? (booking at the Eurostar site)
How do children under 4 travel? (free)
Whom does a special fare apply to? (children from 4 to 11 inclusive)
Where can a passenger place his/her small or medium size bags? (on the luggage racks above his/her head)
Where can passengers leave their luggage if they want to explore the city or change trains? (in left luggage offices and left luggage lockers)
Ex. 7. Read the text and translate it, using a dictionary, if necessary.
Eurostar
Eurostar is the high-speed passenger train operating from London to Paris and Brussels via the Channel Tunnel. It is run by a consortium of French railways (SNCF), Belgian railways (SNCB) and Eurostar UK Ltd. The train started running in 1994. Don’t confuse Eurostar with Eurotunnel, whose trains carry motor cars, lorries and coaches from one side of the Channel to the other. Eurostar does not carry cars, just passengers. London to Paris by Eurostar is 495 km (about 307 miles); it takes about 2 hours 15 minutes to run from centre to centre at 186 mph.
The service is operated by the eighteen-carriage Class 373 trains consisting of 2nd and 1st class cars. Eurostar is completely non-smoking. Between autumn 2004 and autumn 2005 all Eurostars were refurbished with a new interior design.
In 1st class cars the fare includes an excellent hot airline-style 3-course meal and complimentary (= free) alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks, all served at your seat. Two bar cars are at passengers’ disposal. They are located in cars 6 and 13 and serve tea, coffee, hot chocolate, beer, wine, sandwiches, crisps and hot snacks. The bar accepts credit cards as well as cash. You can eat and drink in the bar area (standing space only, there are no seats) or take your meal back to your seat.
All seats on Eurostar must be reserved in advance. If you book your ticket at www.eurostar.com, you can choose which seat in which car you want.
If you want a power socket for a mobile or laptop, choose cars 5 or 14 in 2nd class. In first class, all cars have these facilities.
If you have small children, book seats in cars 1 or 18 (2nd class). These cars are at each end of the train, so less people walk through them to the bar. These cars have bays (= compartments) of 4 seats (with or without a table, your choice), which are much better for families than face-to-back airline-style seating.
Children under 4 go free on Eurostar. A special child fare applies to children from 4 to 11 inclusive. Children aged 12 and over travel at the adult fare. All children under 12 must travel accompanied by an adult.
Unfortunately, you cannot take dogs or other pets on Eurostar, except for guide dogs.
Unlike traveling by air, you don’t check in your bags when traveling by Eurostar. You keep them with you, placing small or medium size bags on the luggage racks above your head. Larger bags are placed on the big racks at the end of the coach. Also unlike air travel, there’s no weight limit. All bags taken onto Eurostar must have a label showing your name and surname.
The London terminal has a left luggage office, where you can leave your luggage. Bags are X-rayed before deposit. The Paris terminal has left luggage lockers. A small locker costs 4.50 euros, a suitcase-sized locker about 7.50 euros for 24 hours, and a locker for two large suitcases around 9.50 euros. There’s a change machine, which can convert 10, 20 or 50 euro banknotes into the coins needed for the lockers. The Brussels terminal has both luggage lockers and a left luggage office.
If you book your ticket at www.eurostar.com, you can choose which seat in which car you want.
You should book your ticket on-line if you want to have a comfortable seat.
You can choose which car you want if you book your ticket at www.eurostar.com.
All bags taken onto Eurostar must have a label showing your name and surname.
All hand baggage taken onto Eurostar must be X-rayed and have the passenger’s name.
Both hand luggage and medium size bags must have a sticker showing the passenger’s name and surname.
At terminals, there are change machines, which can convert 10, 20 or 50 euro banknotes into the coins needed for the lockers.
If you don’t have coins for the left luggage locker, you can use a change machine available at the terminal.
Change machines are installed at every terminal operated by Eurostar trains.
There are both smoking and non-smoking carriages on Eurostar trains.
It took the Eurostar Company one year to completely refurbish all its trains with a new interior design.
Between autumn 2004 and autumn 2005, all Eurostars were refurbished with a new interior design.
A passenger in the 1st class car should pay extra for alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks.
Bar cars are located in the middle of the train to provide passengers with access to the restaurants.
In the bar, passengers may pay by credit cards or in cash.
You can eat and drink in the bar area (standing space only, there are no seats) or take your meal back to your seat.
If you haven’t reserved your ticket beforehand, you wouldn’t be allowed to take a Eurostar train.
Passengers in 1st class carriages have the privilege of using laptops and cell phones.
You don’t have to buy a ticket for your baby when traveling by a Eurostar train.
There are no special baggage cars on the Eurostar train; therefore passengers can keep their travel bags and suitcases with them.
If you are very fond of your pet and can’t leave it for a second, Eurostar train won’t be your choice.
Every Eurostar passenger is to follow strict security rules.
At the London terminal, it is cheaper to use a small left luggage locker.
At the terminal in the French capital, there’s a change machine, which can convert 10, 20 or 50 dollar bills into the coins needed for the lockers.
Eurostar is the high-speed passenger train run by a group of companies or organizations who are working together of SNCF, SNCB and Eurostar UK Ltd.
Eurotunnel trains carry motor cars, lorries and buses with comfortable seats used for long journeys from one side of the Channel to the other.
Hot airline-style 3-course meal and free alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks are included into the price you pay to travel somewhere by bus, train, plane,etc.
The bar cars serve tea, coffee, hot chocolate, beer, wine, sandwiches, very thin flat round pieces of potato cooked in oil and eaten cold and hot snacks.
The bar accepts credit cards as well as money in the form of coins or notes rather than cheques.
If you want to use a mobile or a small computer that you can carry with you on board the train, you’d better take a ticket for cars in first class.
Small children travel without payment on Eurostar.
Eurostar passengers are not allowed to take their animals, which they keep and care for at home. Dogs trained to guide blind people are an exception.
You can place small or neither large nor small size bags on the luggage racks above your head.
All bags taken onto Eurostar must have a label showing your name and the name that you share with your parents.
Have you ever read any English books in the original? Below you will find an extract from the Agatha Christie’s detective novel “4.50 from Paddington”. You are free to choose between the original variant and the adapted one.
If your choice is an original text, listen to the tape and imitate the speaker as best as you can. After that, translate the text, consulting a dictionary as little as possible.
If you prefer an adapted version, do exercise 1, read the text and give its main idea without consulting a dictionary.
Original text
4.50 From Paddington
(after A. Christie)
Mrs. McGillicuddy was going along the platform, trying to catch up with the porter who was carrying her suitcase. Mrs. McGillicuddy was burdened with a large number of parcels; the result of a day’s Christmas shopping. Platform No 1 was rather crowded; people were rushing in several directions at once, to and from undergrounds, left-luggage offices, tea-rooms, information bureaus, indicator boards, to the outside world.
Mrs. McGillicuddy and her parcels were buffeted to and fro, but she arrived at last at the entrance to Platform No 3 and deposited one parcel at her feet while she was looking her bag for the ticket that would enable her to pass stern uniformed guardian at the gate.
At that moment, a loud voice burst into speech over her head. “The train standing at Platform 3” the voice told her, “is the 4.50 for Brackhampton, Milchester and Roxeter. Passengers for Brackhampton travel at the rear of the train. Passengers for Carvil change at Roxeter”. The voice shut itself off with a click and then reopened conversation by announcing the arrival at Platform No. 9 of the 4.00 from Birmingham.
Mrs. McGillicuddy found her ticket and presented it. The man clipped it, murmured: “On the right-rear portion.” Mrs. McGillicuddy found her porter outside the door of a third-class carriage. “Here you are, lady.” – “I’m traveling first-class,” said Mrs. McGillicuddy. “You didn’t say so,” grumbled the porter. He took the suitcase and marched with it to the adjoining coach. The 4.50 was almost empty, as the first-class passengers preferred either the faster morning express or the 6.40 with a dining car. Mrs. McGillicuddy handed the porter his tip, which he received with disappointment, considering it more suitable to third-class than to first-class travel. But Mrs. McGillicuddy, though prepared to spend money on comfortable travel after a night journey from the North and a day’s feverish shopping, was at no time an extravagant tipper.
She made herself comfortable on the plush cushions with a sigh and opened a magazine. Five minutes later, whistles blew, and the train started. Three minutes later she was asleep. She slept for forty minutes and awoke refreshed. It was quite dark now. “Serving last tea now,” said an attendant, opening the corridor door. But Mrs. McGillicuddy had already had tea at a large department store. She looked up at the rack where her various parcels reposed, with a pleased expression. Her satisfied gaze returned to the window; a train traveling in the opposite direction rushed by with a screech, making the windows rattle. The train passed through a station. Then it began suddenly to slow down, probably in obedience to a signal. For some minutes it crawled along, stopped; and then began to move forward again, gathering speed. For a time two trains ran parallel, now one gaining a little, now the other. Mrs. McGillicuddy looked from her window through the windows of the parallel carriages. Most of the blinds were down, but occasionally the passengers of the carriages were visible. The other train was not very full and there were many empty coaches. Suddenly in one of the compartments of the passing train Mrs. McGillicuddy saw a man. His hands were round the throat of a woman who faced him; he was slowly, remorselessly strangling her…
Ex. 1. Match the sentences in column A with the synonymous statements in column B.
|
A |
B |
|
Mrs. McGillicuddy was going along the platform, trying to catch up with the porter. |
Mrs. McGillicuddy was carrying many small bags. |
|
Mrs. McGillicuddy was burdened with a large number of parcels. |
Mrs. McGillicuddy showed the ticket to the very strict looking conductor in the uniform. |
|
Mrs. McGillicuddy showed the ticket to the stern uniformed guardian at the gate. |
Passengers for Brackhampton travel in the end carriage. |
|
Passengers for Brackhampton travel at the rear of the train. |
Mrs. McGillicuddy was trying to walk the same speed as the porter. |
|
Mrs. McGillicuddy handed the porter his tip, which he received with disappointment, considering it more suitable to third-class than to first-class travel. |
Mrs. McGillicuddy was not poor, but she was in no mood to spend extra money for tips. |
|
Mrs.McGillicuddy, though prepared to spend money on comfortable travel after a night journey from the North and a day’s feverish shopping, was at no time an extravagant tipper. |
The porter wanted the lady to give him more money for his services because the lady was a first-class, not a third-class traveler. |
Adapted text
4.50 From Paddington
(after A. Christie)
Mrs. McGillicuddy was going along the platform, trying to catch up with the porter who was carrying her suitcase. Mrs. McGillicuddy was burdened with a large number of parcels; the result of a day’s Christmas shopping. Platforms were crowded; people were rushing in several directions at once, to and from undergrounds, left-luggage offices, tea-rooms, information bureaus, indicator boards, to the outside world.
At long last Mrs. McGillicuddy arrived at Platform No 3. She deposited one parcel at her feet and showed the ticket to the stern uniformed guardian at the gate.
At that moment, she heard a loud announcement: “The train standing at Platform 3 is the 4.50 for Brackhampton, Milchester and Roxeter. Passengers for Brackhampton travel at the rear of the train. Passengers for Carvil change at Roxeter”. The voice clicked off and then reopened by announcing the arrival of the 4.00 from Birmingham at Platform No 9.
The conductor clipped the ticket and let the elderly lady in. Mrs. McGillicuddy found her porter outside the door of a third-class carriage. “Here you are, lady.” - “I’m traveling first-class,” said Mrs. McGillicuddy. “You didn’t say so,” grumbled the porter. He took the suitcase and marched with it to the first-class coach. The 4.50 was almost empty, because the first-class passengers preferred either the faster morning express or the 6.40 with a dining car. Mrs. McGillicuddy handed the porter his tip, which he received with disappointment, considering it more suitable to third-class than to first-class travel. But Mrs. McGillicuddy, though prepared to spend money on comfortable travel after a night journey from the North and a day’s intense shopping, was at no time an extravagant tipper.
She made herself comfortable and opened a magazine. Five minutes later, the train started. Three minutes later she was asleep. She slept for forty minutes and awoke refreshed. It was quite dark now. “Serving last tea now,” said the conductor, opening the corridor door. But Mrs. McGillicuddy had already had tea at a large department store.
She looked at the window and saw a train traveling in the opposite direction. The train passed through a station, then it began to slow down and stopped. In some minutes it started to move forward again, gathering speed. For some time, two trains ran parallel. Mrs. McGillicuddy looked from her window through the windows of the parallel carriages. The other train was not very full and there were many empty coaches. Suddenly in one of the compartments of the passing train Mrs. McGillicuddy saw a man. His hands were round the throat of a woman who faced him; he was slowly strangling her…
Grammar Review
Ex. 1. Put the verbs into the correct tense form of Present Simple Active or Present Continuous Active.
As a rule, the workers to repair the track in summer.
The train to be late because the workers to repair the track.
Look! Two aircrafts to fly in the dark sky.
This overnight train always to arrive on schedule.
My TV set to work better now because we have installed the external antenna.
The arrow of compass always to point to the North.
The railways in the US to transport only 0.6 per cent of passengers.
All these passengers to wait for the suburban train arrival.
The train to London to depart from platform No 2 in 5 minutes.
Please keep the doors closed while the train to move.
Ex. 2. Put the verbs into the correct tense form of Past Simple Active or Past Continuous Active.
On the Platform
The train to stop at a small station. A passenger to look out of the window and to see two women who to sell cakes. The man to want to buy a cake. The women to stand rather far from the carriage. The man to call a boy, who to walk on the platform near the carriage and to ask him: “How much does the cake cost?” “Three pence, sir”, to answer the boy. The man to give him sixpence and to say to him: “Bring me a cake and with the other three pence buy one for yourself”. Some minutes later, the boy to return. He to eat the cake. He to give the man three pence change and to say: “There to be only one cake, sir”.
Ex. 3. Read the sentences and translate them, paying attention to the predicates in the Passive form.
The program of railway reforms is being carried out now in Russia.
When I came to Leningrad in 1957, the first underground line was still being built.
Are they ready with the parcel? – No, it is still being packed.
The bridge, which is being upgraded now, will be used for the movement of both road and railway traffic.
Newspaper correspondents arrived at the aviation plant when the new passenger airplane was being tested.
The construction of this high-speed line is being actively supported by the government because the development of heavy industry in this region requires reliable and speedy railway traffic.
The business day was in high gear (в полном разгаре): the mail was being looked through, the documents were being typed, letters were being answered, and talks were being held.
A fleet of 45 300km/h Eurotrains will operate on the 340km Taipei-Kaohsiung high-speed line, which is being constructed now in Taiwan.
Ex. 4. Put the verbs into the required tense forms.
Two passengers (to appear – Past Simple Active) on the platform too late just as the train (to pull – Past Continuous Active) out.
At present 2,500 km of high-speed lines (to construct – Present Continuous Passive) in Europe and Asia.
Paul (to catch – Future Simple Active) the train, if he (to hurry – Present Simple Active) up.
A lot of people (to wait – Past Continuous Active) for the train arrival on the platform.
Decommissioned (списанные) locomotives (to turn – Present Simple Passive) into scrap or (to leave – Present Simple Passive) to rust in a train depot. Some (to end – Present Simple Active) in railway museums or (to buy – Present Simple Passive) by railfans.
Steel rails (to use – Past Simple Passive) in the US for the first time in 1863.
The experiment (to be – Past Simple Active) very interesting, it (to watch – Past Continuous Passive) with great attention.
When the train (to move – Present Continuous Active), the doors of the carriage (to keep /always – Present Simple Passive) locked for security reasons.
At the start of the 1990s, car bodies (to make – Past Simple Passive) mostly of steel but use of aluminum (to increase – Past Continuous Passive) not only for high-speed cars.
The dealer (to provide – Future Simple Active) you with a courtesy (бесплатный) car while your vehicle (to repair – Present Continuous Passive).
The Tay Bridge (to build – Past Simple Passive) in Scotland in 1878. The bridge (to collapse – Past Simple Active) in 1879 when a train (to cross – Past Continuous Active) it. It (to be – Past Simple Active) one of Britain’s first serious rail disasters. The second rail bridge (to complete – Past Simple Passive) over the River Tay in 1888. It (to use / still – Present Continuous Passive).
Ex. 5. Choose the best alternative to complete the sentences.
The bridge ___ the island to the mainland.
a) is connecting b) connects c) is connected d) was being connected
The movement of trains was stopped on that section of the line because it ___.
a) is being repaired b) will repair c) was being repaired d) repairs
Passengers want to know what rail companies ___ to improve services.
a) are doing b) does c) were done d) are being done
Such materials as reinforced concrete (железобетон) and steel ___ for the construction of modern bridges.
a) use b) were being used c) will be used d) are used
Within five years, the railway ___ over seven million passengers a year.
a) carry b) was carrying c) will be carried d) was being carried
The train ___ Moscow; let’s start packing.
a) approaches b) is approaching c) will approach d) was approaching
A lot of foreign correspondents arrived in Japan when a new maglev train ___.
a) was testing b) tested c) was being tested d) is being tested
The train for Boston ___ from track 2.
a) is leaving b) leave c) will be left d) were leaving
The cigarette ban (запрет) ___ most troublesome for smokers on long train journeys.
a) are b) were c) will be d) isn't
The conductor ___ on good-naturedly (доброжелательно) about long train journeys but Donna scarcely (едва ли) heard what he said.
a) babbled b) will babble c) is babbling d) was babbling
Ex. 6. Put special questions. Begin with the question-words given in brackets.
The “Repin” train departs from St. Petersburg’s Finlandsky terminal. (What terminal)
A new railway line is being constructed across the desert now. (Where)
The accident happened on the level crossing. (Where)
Our train is standing at platform No 4 ready to leave. (What platform)
Fast trains stop only at large stations on their way. (What stations)
We were going to the railway station along the railway track. (Where)
Last year, train fares more than doubled because of inflation. (Why)
Passengers wait for the arrivals and departures of their trains in the waiting rooms. (Where)
The first-class cars are situated at the front of the trainset. (Where)
My elder sister is taking a course to develop her computer skills. (Why)
Ex. 7. Write the comparative and the superlative forms of the adjectives below.
|
difficult high heavy useful fast safe reliable busy |
loud comfortable slow cheap expensive quick simple accessible |
rare common low little important simple easy deep |
suitable close dirty good powerful small strict narrow |
bad dangerous early famous wide late convenient broad |
Ex. 8. Read the sentences and translate them, paying attention to the italicized adjectives and adverbs.
In the US, people prefer to use motor transport or aircrafts because traveling by train is slower than by plane and tickets are sometimes more expensive.
The earliest trains had no sleeping cars. There was no need for them because the railways were short; the longest journey lasted only a few hours, and nearly all trains went in the daytime.
In Australia, the traffic is heavier during the winter months, when many tourists travel in passenger trains.
The underground railway is the quickest, safest, the most reliable and comfortable means of city transport, which is operating in 80 cities all over the world.
It is much more convenient to go by express train because it doesn’t stop at small stations, and it takes you less time to get to your destination.
Semaphore used to (раньше) be the most common device of signaling.
Petrol engines are lighter and smaller than diesel engines; they are cheaper, less noisy and go faster; that is why they are used in cars and motorbikes. On the other hand, diesel engines use less fuel, last longer than petrol engines; this is why larger vehicles such as trucks and trains use them. They are also safer than petrol engines, because there is less danger of fire.
The Japan’s fastest trains called Hikari (which means ‘light’) cover the distance of 1,068 km from Tokyo to Hakata in less than 7 hours.
George Pullman’s sleeping car was much simpler in design than the sleeping cars of today, but it was much more suitable for long-distance travel than any other kind of cars in use at that time.
An electric train is one of the most ecologically friendly kinds of transport because it doesn’t contaminate (загрязнять) environment with exhausted gases.
Ex. 9. Read the sentences, using the italicized adjectives in the comparative or the superlative form.
The West Coast Main Line is busy mixed traffic railway in Britain.
George Westinghouse developed a system of air-braking that made travel by train much safe.
Quick and accessible form of public transport in London is the London Underground.
The rail becomes long when it’s hot and becomes short when it’s cold.
Convenient and fast way of door-to-door transport used by railways is the container.
The railway construction became easy and quick after the invention of special track-laying machines and other equipment.
Early form of railroad signal was simply a flag by day or a lamp at night.
In Europe, Asia, and Africa, the railway remains one of important carriers of both passengers and large volumes of heavyweight goods.
Although there are now fast and modern means of transport, railways still remain safe and popular form of transport.
The world’s long road tunnel links France and Italy under the Europe’s high peak Mont Blanc.
Ex. 10. Complete the sentences with an adjective from the list.
|
Statistically, it is ___ to travel by air than to drive a car. Signaling systems on high-speed railways are ___ than signal devices on usual lines. Indian Railway is one of ___ and ___ rail networks in the world that carries more than sixteen million passengers daily. Diesel and electric locos are ___ and ___ than steam locos. The engine trouble was ___ than we expected. The Konkan Railway in India crosses 2,134 bridges and viaducts. This rail line has ___ viaduct in Asia (its height is 64m) and ___ railway tunnel in India (its length is 6.5km). ___ metro system in the world is built in St.Petersburg: some stations and tunnels lie 100-120 meters below the surface. The Moscow-St. Petersburg railway is ___ and ___ mainline in our country. Broken stone (щебёнка) is ___ material for ballast. The first locomotive called “Rocket” was much ___ and ___ than modern locomotives. ___ trains in the world carry such freight as iron ore and coal. ___ passenger cars, about 5 m long and 2 m wide, were practically stagecoaches with railroad wheels. Soon ___ cars with six wheels instead of four were introduced. |
the deepest the oldest the biggest the busiest the tallest the longest the heaviest the earliest the most famous the most suitable smaller lighter safer cleaner larger more efficient more complex more serious |
Ex. 11. Read the sentences and translate them, paying attention to the modal verbs must, should, can, may.
Drivers of express and fast trains must have a rest after 3 hours of work.
The tickets should not be thrown away as conductors may check them during the trip.
What can you do while traveling by train? You can read a novel or do a crossword puzzle, you can stare out of the window or talk to your traveling companion, you just can sit back and listen to the clicking of the carriage over the rails.
This ticket may only be used by the person who has bought it.
In Metro, when the passengers get on the escalator, they should stand on the right so that people who hurry can run by on the left.
All trains must be regularly serviced, so that passengers can be sure that they are traveling in safety.
The inside body of the passenger car should be finished with materials that are easily washed.
Passengers may pay the subway fare with tokens or they may buy a pass for a specific period of time.
Additional carriages can be coupled (прицеплять) to the train as needed.
Several locomotives must be used to draw such a long and heavy container train.
A common carrier (компания грузопассажирских перевозок) may remove a passenger from its service for the refusal to pay a fare.
You should check all your electrical equipment regularly.
Ex. 12. Match the two parts of the sentences.
|
The Trans-Europe expresses are equipped with interurban telephones… A wagon must be cleaned before… Train tickets can be booked now over the Internet or mobile phones… You should be at the airport… In Hungary, students and children between the age of 6 and 14… Passengers should keep their tickets… Tobacco cannot be advertised… Special cars must be used for transporting… Passengers shouldn’t walk across the railway lines… Stephenson’s first steam locomotive could draw… |
there is a footbridge at the end of the platform. may get train tickets 50% cheaper. though this method carries an additional surcharge. on public transport. oil and other liquid goods. a small train of loaded cars at a speed of 13 mph. an hour before departure. till the end of the trip. over which the traveler can contact office or home. it will be used for another run. |
Ex. 13. Complete the sentences with a modal verb.
Passengers ___ check their tickets after buying to be sure that it is the correct ticket.
In Hungary, children under 6 years and seniors over 65 years from EU countries ___ travel by rail without charge.
On this section of the line, the trains’ speed ___ be limited to 40 mph.
___ you show me the nearest way to the station?
Baggage ___ not be left unattended in the terminal building.
Passengers ___ go by subway all day long for the same fare if they only change trains but don’t go out of the station.
You ___ call the station to enquire about train times.
Trains ___ run according to the timetable.
As Finland has the same railway gauge (ширина колеи) as Russia, high-speed trains ___ cross the border without stopping.
Such long and heavy container trains ___ be powered by several locos.
Ex. 14. Read the sentences and translate them, paying attention to the equivalents of the modal verbs. If possible, replace the equivalents with the appropriate modal verbs.
to have to
The attention of the railway authorities of all countries has to be focused on the development of high-speed passenger and freight service.
As the computer is still under guarantee, I will not have to pay for the repairs.
While building the railway in Siberia, the workers had to overcome (преодолеть) many difficulties.
Passengers traveling from Moscow to Vladivostok have to move the hands of their watches several times because the Trans-Siberian Mainline crosses several time zones.
Dining cars first appeared in the late 1870s. Until this time, the trains had to stop for meals at restaurants along the way.
There’s a direct train to Leeds. It may stop at other stations but you do not have to change trains.
As there were some defects in the train power supply system, the train had to be removed from service.
Switches are necessary where a train has to be moved from one track to another.
I will have to pay 50 rubles extra for my luggage because it is overweight.
In Japan, passengers have to go through a gate (пропускной пункт) to enter the platform area. Passengers have to show their tickets to a station clerk at the gate and they will also have to show their tickets at a ticket gate after they deboard a train and exit the platform area.
to be to
This section of the track is to be reconstructed.
We were to leave for England on Saturday, but because of the delay with our visas we had to book tickets for Monday.
All the materials used for the railway car refurbishment are to comply with (соответствовать) fire safety standards.
In England, the speed of the first cars was not to exceed 4 mph.
Modern railways are to be completely automated to provide high-speed transportation.
At the Metro terminus (конечная станция), the driver is to move to the other end of the trainset.
to be able to
If the train comes in time, I will be able to watch the football match.
The first passenger trains didn’t travel very far, but they were able to transport more passengers over longer distances than any horse-powered wagons.
At the large terminal, passengers are able to book hotel or transport, to buy tickets for sporting and cultural events, to telephone or send mail to anywhere in the world, to hold a business meeting, to obtain information of interest and so on.
The new British train will be able to develop a very high speed, as it is equipped with more powerful engines.
For more than a hundred years, railways were able to maintain their dominant position in the field of transportation.
to be allowed to
If the signal is red, the train isn’t allowed to continue its running.
At this small station, passengers will not be allowed to get off the car because the train will stop for 2 minutes only.
You are allowed to carry 20kgs of baggage unless indicated otherwise on your ticket.
According to the customs (таможня) regulations, a passenger wasn’t allowed to carry more than ten packs of cigarettes.
In some companies, the staff is not allowed to use the Internet for personal purposes during business hours.
Ex. 15. Read the sentences, replacing the modal verbs with their equivalents.
Passengers must show their tickets when they go on the train.
You may take any of these instruments; I do not need them now.
The car, which you could see at the exhibition, will be used on international railway lines.
This railway line must be converted from diesel to electric traction next year.
Passengers may have up to three pieces of hand luggage.
Thanks to wide sliding doors in Metro cars, passengers can get on and off the train quickly.
As trains are becoming heavier and longer, more powerful locos must be used.
We could not repair the car ourselves and had to take it to the auto-service station.
On weekdays, cars may not enter the centre of the city.
If you buy train tickets in advance (заранее), you must pay some extra money.
Steam locomotives could not haul very heavy trains at a high speed.
Such freight as dry chemicals, grain, sugar or mineral fertilizers (удобрения) must be transported in covered hoppers.
Ex. 16. Read the sentences, replacing the Russian words with their English equivalents.
To get to New Orleans, we придётся change trains in Birmingham.
I hope they смогли buy tickets for the last train.
German Rail пришлось stop passenger services on about 30 secondary lines in East Germany because of poor state of the infrastructure.
Any engineer может give you information on this question.
Larry приходится travel back and forth between London and Paris every week.
The train должен reach its destination in an hour.
To get to Moscow from St.Petersburg, passengers могут choose either the day- or night-time train.
I think that I смогу meet you at the station.
You придётся hurry up if you want to catch the train.
Mr. Crank не смог participate in the conference because he должен был go on business to Moscow.
At last, the passengers разрешили get on the carriage.
To lay down the track in the permafrost zone, workers пришлось use new equipment.
We можем book train tickets by phone or over the Internet.
People in large cities приходится spend a lot of money for paying the fares in public transport.
If I не смогу get the tickets for the fast train, we придётся go by the stopper.
The new passenger car должен begin its service in several months.
Ex. 17. Choose the best alternative to complete the sentences.
The conductor ___ check up tickets of all the passengers before the train departure.
a) will be allowed b) can to c) is to d) have to
It is a non-smoking carriage. You _____ smoke here.
a) must not b) should c) will be able to d) are allowed to
You ___ change trains in Moscow because there is no direct train to Minsk.
a) shouldn’t b) could c) will have to d) is be able to
Until the 19th century, people ___ travel freely between most countries without a passport.
a) are allowed to b) were to c) should d) were able to
The train ___ arrive at 5 p.m. but it detained because of track repair work.
a) should b) had not to c) was able to d) was to
The train ___ depart from the station, as the line was busy.
a) couldn’t b) isn't allowed to c) wasn’t to d) weren't able to
They ___ leave yesterday because there were no tickets available for today’s train.
a) were able to b) had to c) could d) was allowed to
Airline passengers ___ use mobile telephones during the flight.
a) are able to b) aren’t allowed to c) were to d) shouldn't
Passengers ___ keep their tickets till the end of the trip.
a) had to b) should c) are able to d) were to
Next year, the railway ___ increase the train fares because of inflation.
a) should b) won’t be able to c) can d) will have to
The suitcase was so heavy that Robert ___ change it from hand to hand all the time.
a) were to b) will be allowed to c) had to d) was able to
You ___ leave your luggage in the left-luggage office.
a) has to b) are able to c) should to d) was allowed to
Ex. 18. Complete the sentences with an equivalent of the modal verb from the list.
|
A |
|
|
You ___ change trains because there is no direct train to Boston. Passengers ___ buy train tickets on the day of departure or reserve them in advance. The London Underground ___ pump 30,000 cubic meters of water out of its tunnels each day. To stop the car, the driver ___ use the hand brake. No British high-speed trains ___ run in service above 200 km/h. Locomotives and cars for the first Russian railway ___ be ordered from abroad. On this dangerous section of the line, the trains ___ move at the speed of 60 kmh. As the train stopped for 30 minutes, the passengers ___ get off. |
had to are allowed to is to will have to are to were allowed to were to are able to |
|
B |
|
|
You ___ transfer to another line at the next Metro station. To keep a railway track in good condition, ballast ___ be regularly cleaned. As a rule, passengers ___ enter a baggage car while a train is in motion. Many railways ___ start dieselization (введение тепловозной тяги) only after World War II. To finish the journey on time, the driver ___ increase the train speed. Tomorrow, I ___ get up early to catch the 6.00 train. Several passengers missed (опаздывать) the train and ___ wait another for two hours. He ___ repair the engine himself. |
will have to was able to aren’t allowed to is to are able to was to were be able to had to |
Watch the Film and Discuss It
(A) Traveling by “White Nights” steam express
(Russian Railways)
Ex. 1. Watch the film and grasp its main idea.
Ex. 2. Choose the best alternative and translate the sentences into Russian.
The group of tourists will be traveling through ___ of Russia by “White Nights” steam express.
the middle b) the west c) the north
The trip will take ___.
two months b) two weeks c) two years
Both a departure and arrival point is ___.
St.Petersburg b) Murmansk c) Moscow
The tourists are making a tour through St.Petersburg while their ___ is being prepared for the trip.
diesel locomotive b) steam locomotive c) electric locomotive
St.Petersburg is called ___.
the Venice of the North
the Venus of the North
the Vehicle of the North
There are ___ canals in the city.
sixty-five b) fifty-six c) sixty-six
The tourists are exploring the city ___.
on foot b) by bus c) by boat
The sun doesn’t set ___ of June – these nights are called White Nights.
in the end b) in the middle c) in the center
The founder of St.Petersburg was ___.
King Peter the Great
Tsar Peter the Great
Prince Peter the Great
The Tsar’s summer residence was ___.
Peterhof b) Pavelhof c) Hofpeter
There are many ___ in Peterhof.
bridges b) lakes c) fountains
Peter’s favorite building in Peterhof was ___.
Notre-Dame de Paris b) Red Square c) Mon Plaisir
The first Russian railway was opened in the town of ___.
Pavlovsk b) Pushkin c) Gogol
According to the film, in the Soviet Union trains were used primarily for industry and ___ transport.
military b) freight c) passenger
According to the authors of the film, information about Soviet railways was ___.
available b) secret c) free
With the development of diesel traction steam locos were stored as a ___.
museum b) strategic reserve c) memory
Many historic steam locomotives are maintained by railway ___.
specialists b) managers c) enthusiasts
The first destination on the journey is ___.
Petropavlovsk b) Petrozavodsk c) Petrofactory
This is a capital of ___.
Finland b) Komi c) Karelia
This territory consists of vast forests and 60 thousand ___.
lakes b) snakes c) snacks
The largest lakes in Europe are Lake Ladoga and Lake ___.
Baikal b) Michigan c) Onega
For the first time the train ___ locomotives in Petrozavodsk.
changed b) switched c) switched off
Petrozavodsk is a ___ Russian city.
large b) small c) medium-sized
In Petrozavodsk, there is a ___ statue in the middle of the city square.
Lenin b) Peter the Great c) Stalin
In the amusement park the tourists saw ___.
camels b) horses c) donkies
There is a regular ___ connection between Petrozavodsk and Kizi Island.
boat b) ferry c) helicopter
Kizi Island is famous for its ___ architecture.
stone b) wooden c) golden
Of particular cultural importance on Kizi Island are ___.
Muslim mosques b) Russian churches c) Buddhist temples
(B) Traveling through China
Ex. 1. Watch the film and grasp its main idea.
Ex. 2. Choose the best alternative and translate the sentences into Russian.
Tourists are travelling from ___.
Beijing to Hong Kong
Hong Kong to Beijing
Beijing to Singapore
Century-old traditions go ___ with modern developments.
foot in foot b) head in head c) hand in hand
The unique old Chinese culture continues to ___ every-day life.
improve b) dominate c) save
___ point of the journey is the Chinese capital Beijing.
standing b) starting c) striking
The biggest tourists’ attraction of the country is ___ of China.
the Great Wall b) the Great Door c) the Great Floor
It was built to defend the country from attacks of ___.
enemies b) foreigners c) animals
The first brick was laid ___ years ago.
two thousand b) three thousand c) two hundred
The wall stretches ___ km.
five hundred b) five thousand c) fifty-five thousand
The construction took place under very difficult ___.
circumstances b) sentences c) spaces
In the heart of Beijing lies the Square of ___.
Heavenly Peace b) Sky Peace c) Heavenly Place
___ mausoleum is situated on this square.
Stalin b) Mao c) Lenin
From the square of ___ the tourists enter the Forbidden City.
the Forbidden Town b) the Forbidden City c) the Foreign City
It is the Chinese ___ where Chinese Emperors have ruled for 5 centuries.
imperial palace b) king palace c) internal palace
The Forbidden City is a beautiful example of the Chinese ___.
music b) art c) architecture
The most popular means of transport in Beijing is ___.
motor car b) bicycle c) scooter
The most modern and largest railway station in China is ___ in Beijing.
West Station b) South Station c) East Station
The tourists bought their train tickets ___.
on Monday b) in advance c) on the day of departure
Railway authorities didn’t allow the tourists to use their ___ for taking photos.
telephones b) cameras c) glasses
The journey goes ___ to the city of Zhengzhou [Чжэнчжоу], the capital of Henan province.
southbound b) northbound c) westbound
In socialist China the train doesn’t have a first, second or third class; passengers book a ___ seat here.
hard or soft b) high or low c) white or black
The hard section is the cheapest and the most ___ section on the train.
luxurious b) popular c) crowded
The tourists have booked soft seats because their journey is ___.
last b) long c) light
It takes ___ hours to travel from Beijing to Zhengzhou.
twenty b) twelve c) twenty-two
On the platform passengers can buy ___.
fish b) pancakes c) food
Zhengzhou is one of the most important ___ in the Chinese railway network.
connections b) junctions c) stations
When the train is leaving the station the hostess ___ people seeing off the train and people standing on the platform wave passengers leaving their city.
salute(s) b) good-buy(s) c) hello(s)
Every compartment has its own ___.
cook b) porter c) hostess
In a soft seat compartment only a ___ number of passengers can be seated.
limited b) lighted c) listed
Many Chinese take their own food and beverages with them but the staff also ___ simple meals.
gives b) serves c) steals
The railway ___ maintain order on the train. But in a soft seat coach they don’t have much work to do because there are not many passengers.
police b) army c) policy
Ex.3. Watch the film once more and tell in Russian what places the following statements refer to.
This square was transformed into a battle field when in 1989 a peaceful students’ and workers’ demonstration was suppressed by the army.
The entry to this part of the city was forbidden for guests. Any person trying to enter this part of the city was executed. It was opened to the public in 1912.
Remarkable ritual is taking place in front of this building. A pianist is welcoming guests to this building. Very rich people are regular clients here.
It is the final destination of the journey. It is a city of skyscrapers. It is one of the major financial centers in the world. Last century the English used this territory as the base for opium trade. The Chinese didn’t like it and declared an anti-opium war, but they lost this territory to Great Britain in this war. The Chinese leased this place to the British under duration of 99 years. This term ended in 1997; at present the territory is under Chinese rule. The Chinese-British declaration guarantees that this place continues its capitalist development for at least 50 years.
(C) Traveling through Andalusia
(Spain)
Ex. 1. Before watching the film, make sure you understand the following words:
autonomous community – автономное сообщество
sherry – херес
the Moors – мавры [название в средневековой Западной Европе мусульманского населения Пиренейского полуострова и западной части Северной Африки - арабов и берберов, захвативших эти территории в ходе второй волны арабских завоеваний].
Ex.2. Watch the film and grasp its main idea.
Ex.3. Choose the best alternative and translate the sentences into Russian.
Andalusia is an autonomous community of ___.
France b) Spain c) Italy
Andalusia is famous for its flamenco, fiesta, sherry and ___.
bullfights b) dogfights c) cockfights
The journey starts in ___.
Granada b) Sevilla c) Madrid
Puerto de Atocha is the ___ in Madrid.
railway terminal b) airport c) museum
In the cool marble vestibule monitors overhead ___.
point the way b) tell the way c) show the way
The tourists take a ___ train to Sevilla.
stopping b) commuter c) high-speed
The section Madrid-Sevilla is very busy, it is ___ long.
570 km b) 470 km c) 740 km
The super high train ___ this distance in 2 hours 45 minutes.
covers b) goes c) comes
What is the train’s maximum speed?
300 kmh b) 350 kmh c) 400 kmh
What is the abbreviation for Spanish Railways?
FIFA b) RENFE c) RZD
The carriages of the Spanish high-speed train are equipped with seats like those in the ___.
airplane b) motor car c) minivan
Meals and drinks are ___ at seat.
brought b) taken c) served
Passengers can enjoy video; in every carriage of the fast train there is a ___.
game console b) video c) TV set
The station in Sevillia was completely ___ for the World Exhibition EXPO 92.
removed b) renovated c) replaced
Sevilla was the gate through which ___ went to the New World.
Columbus b) Marco Polo c) Newton
What musical instrument is a street musician playing?
the piano b) the accordion c) the guitar
The most important part of the fiesta held in Sevilla is ___.
the flamenco b) the flamingo c) the domingo
Andalusia Express is a ___ hotel on wheels.
four-star b) five-star c) fine-star
As at an airport the baggage is checked in before passengers ___.
board the train b) buy the train c) bite the train
The carriages of the train are ___ in Europe.
the longest b) the brightest c) the widest
The luxury Andalusia Express is heading ___ for Granada.
west b) east c) south
The city of Granada was founded by ___.
the Moors b) the Mails c) the Means
The palace garden with lots of ___ is world famous.
apple trees b) flowers c) fiestas
After an extensive ___ to Granada the tourists board the Andalusia Express to continue their trip.
visit b) voyage c) journey
The train is hauled by a ___ locomotive.
diesel b) electric c) steam
Ex.4. Watch the film once more and tell in Russian what you have learnt about the city of Jerez.
КРАТКИЙ ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ СПРАВОЧНИК
§ 1. Личные и притяжательные местоимения
Personal and Possessive Pronouns
|
личные местоимения |
притяжательные местоимения |
|
|
именительный падеж |
объектный падеж |
|
|
I – я you – ты, Вы he – он she – она it – он, она, оно we – мы you – вы they – они |
me – меня, мне you – тебя, Вас, тебе, Вам him – его, ему her – её, ей it – его, её, ему, ей us – нас, нам you – вас, вам them – их, им |
my – мой your – твой, Ваш his – его her – её its – его, её our – наш your – ваши their – их |
§ 2. Глагол to be
Глагол to be имеет следующие формы:
|
Утвердительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
|
Present Simple |
||
|
I am he she is it we you are they |
I am not he she is not it we you are not they |
Am I? he? Is she? it? we? Are you? they? |
|
Past Simple |
||
|
I he was she it we you were they |
I he was not she it we you were not they |
I? Was he? she? it? we? Were you? they? |
|
Future Simple |
||
|
I he she it will be we you they |
I he she it will not be we you they |
I he she Will it be? we you they |
She is an engineer by profession. – По профессии она инженер.
Is she an engineer by profession? – Она инженер по профессии?
What is she by profession? – Кто она по профессии?
She is not (isn't) an engineer. – Она не инженер.
§ 3. Глагол to have
Глагол to have имеет следующие формы:
|
Утвердительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
|
Present Simple |
||
|
I we have you they he she has it |
I we do not have you they he she does not have it |
I Do we have? you they he Does she have? it |
|
Past Simple |
||
|
I he she it had we you they |
I he she it did not have we you they |
I he she Did it have? we you they |
|
Future Simple |
||
|
I he she it will have we you they |
I he she it will not have we you they |
I he she Will it have? we you they |
He has a cellular phone. – У него есть сотовый телефон.
Does he have a cellular phone? – У него есть сотовый телефон?
What phone does he have? – Какой у него телефон?
He does not (doesn't) have a cellular phone. – У него нет сотового телефона.
Примечания:
§ 4. Оборот there + to be
Оборот there + to be используется для выражения наличия (отсутствия) какого-либо предмета или лица в определённом месте или в определенное время. Переводится на русский язык при помощи слов: есть, имеется, находится, существует или близкими по значению фразами.
В этом обороте слово there не переводится, так как является формальным. Перевод предложений с оборотом there + to be следует начинать с обстоятельства места (времени), если оно указано, или со сказуемого, если обстоятельство отсутствует.
There are various types of cars. – Существуют различные типы вагонов.
There were a lot of passengers in the waiting room. – В зале ожидания было много пассажиров.
There will be a meeting tomorrow. – Завтра состоится собрание.
|
Утвердительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
|
Present Simple |
||
|
there is there are |
there is no / there isn't any there are no / there aren't any |
Is there? Are there? |
|
Past Simple |
||
|
there was there were |
there was no / there wasn't any there were no / there weren't any |
Was there? Were there? |
|
Future Simple |
||
|
there will be |
there will not be / there won't be |
Will there be? |
§ 5. Притяжательный падеж имени существительного
Possessive Case
Существительное в притяжательном падеже является определением к последующему существительному и отвечает на вопрос whose? (чей?)
В притяжательном падеже чаще всего употребляются:
Stephenson’s locomotive локомотив Стефенсона
our secretary’s office офис нашего секретаря
Russia’s Minister of Transport министр транспорта России
Great Britain’s railways железные дороги Британии
five kilometers’ distance расстояние в 5 километров
two hours’ work двухчасовая работа
company’s annual profits ежегодные доходы компании
commission’s decision решение комиссии
yesterday’s meeting вчерашнее собрание
§ 6. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
Comparison Degrees of Adjectives and Adverbs
|
Положительная степень Positive degree |
Сравнительная степень Comparative degree |
Превосходная степень Superlative degree |
|
Односложные прилагательные и наречия |
||
|
high высокий |
higher выше, более высокий |
the highest высочайший, самый высокий |
|
Двусложные прилагательные и наречия, оканчивающиеся на -y |
||
|
easy лёгкий |
easier легче, более лёгкий |
the easiest наилегчайший, самый лёгкий |
|
Многосложные прилагательные и наречия |
||
|
important важный |
more important важнее, более важный less important менее важный |
the most important наиважнейший, самый важный the least important наименее важный |
|
Исключения |
||
|
good хороший bad плохой many, much много little маленький |
better лучше worse хуже more больше less меньше |
the best самый лучший the worst самый плохой the most самый большой the least самый маленький |
Примечание:
narrower / more narrow – ýже
the narrowest / the most narrow – самый узкий.
§ 7. Основные формы глагола
Глагол в английском языке имеет четыре основные формы. По способу образования второй и третьей форм глаголы делятся на правильные (стандартные) и неправильные (нестандартные).
|
I форма |
II форма Past Simple |
III форма Past Participle |
IV форма Present Participle |
|
work (правильный) |
worked |
worked |
working |
|
begin (неправильный) |
began |
begun |
beginning |
§ 8. Времена групп Simple, Continuous, Perfect
в действительном (Active) и страдательном (Passive) залогах
|
Группа времён Simple представляет действие как факт и служит для выражения отдельных или повторяющихся действий в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем времени. |
always - всегда every day (month, year) - каждый день (месяц, год)
sometimes - иногда usually, generally - обычно
seldom, rarely - редко regularly - регулярно
often - часто as a rule - как правило
yesterday - вчера last year (month) - в прошлом году (месяце)
ago - тому назад last week - на прошлой неделе
конкретной датой (in 2004)
tomorrow - завтра next year (month) - в следующем году (месяце)
soon - скоро next week - на следующей неделе
|
Группа времён Continuous представляет действие как процесс и служит для выражения продолжающегося действия, происходящего в определённый момент в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем времени. |
now - сейчас/в данный момент still - всё ещё
at present / nowadays - в настоящее время while - пока
(а) совершавшееся в определённый момент в прошлом, который может обозначаться либо точным указанием времени (at 5 o’clock, at that moment, from…till, all day long, throughout 2007, the whole evening), либо другим однократным действием, выраженным глаголом в Past Simple.
(б) совершавшееся одновременно с другим действием.
|
Группа времён Perfect представляет действие как результат и служит для выражения действия, которое совершилось к определённому моменту в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем времени. |
(а) может быть совсем не обозначен;
(b) может быть обозначен обстоятельствами типа:
already - уже ever - когда-либо this year - в этом году
today - сегодня just - только что this month - в этом месяце
not yet - ещё не lately - недавно предлогом since - с
never - никогда recently - недавно предлогом for - в течение
Таблица временных форм глагола
|
Active Voice действительный залог |
Passive Voice страдательный залог |
||
|
Simple (простое) |
Present (настоящее) |
V1 he, she, it V1 + s |
am is + V3 are |
|
Past (прошедшее) |
V2 |
was + V3 were |
|
|
Future (будущее) |
shall + V1 will |
shall be + V3 will be |
|
|
Continuous (длительное) |
Present |
am is + V4 are |
am is being + V3 are |
|
Past |
was + V4 were |
was being + V3 were |
|
|
Future |
shall be + V4 will be |
______________ |
|
|
Perfect (совершённое) |
Present |
have + V3 has |
have been + V3 has |
|
Past |
had + V3 |
had been + V3 |
|
|
Future |
shall have V3 will |
shall have been + V3 will |
Таблица временных форм глагола to ask
|
Active Voice действительный залог |
Passive Voice страдательный залог |
||
|
Simple (простое) |
Present (настоящее) |
ask he, she, it asks |
am is asked are |
|
Past (прошедшее) |
asked |
was asked were |
|
|
Future (будущее) |
shall ask will |
shall be asked will be |
|
|
Continuous (длительное) |
Present |
am is asking are |
am is being asked are |
|
Past |
was asking were |
was being asked were |
|
|
Future |
shall be asking will |
_____________ |
|
|
Perfect (совершённое) |
Present |
have asked has |
have been asked has |
|
Past |
had asked |
had been asked |
|
|
Future |
shall have asked will |
shall have been asked will |
Примечания:
He was asked to buy tickets. – Его попросили купить билеты.
The coach was asked many questions. – Тренеру задали много вопросов.
This new project is much spoken about. – Об этом новом проекте много говорят.
Перевод глагола to write в разных временных формах:
|
Present |
Past |
Future |
|
|
Simple |
I write я пишу (вообще, обычно) |
I wrote я (на)писал (вчера) |
I will write я напишу, буду писать (завтра) |
|
Continuous |
I am writing я пишу (сейчас) |
I was writing я писал (в тот момент) |
I will be writing я буду писать (в тот момент) |
|
Perfect |
I have written я написал (уже, сегодня) |
I had written я написал (уже к тому моменту) |
I will have written я напишу (уже к тому моменту) |
§ 9. Согласование времён (Sequence of Tenses)
he works (is working) работает (одновременное действие)
He says he worked (was working) работал (предшествующее действие)
he will work (will be working) будет работать (будущее действие)
he worked (was working) работает (одновременное действие)
He said he had worked работал (предшествующее действие)
he would work (would be working) будет работать (будущее действие)
§ 10. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
|
Present |
Past |
Future |
|
must должен |
___ |
___ |
|
can может, умеет |
could смог, мог, сумел |
___ |
|
may может, можно; возможно, может быть |
might мог, разрешили; возможно, может быть |
___ |
|
should следует, должен, нужно |
___ |
___ |
All workers must follow the safety standards. – Все рабочие должны соблюдать правила техники безопасности.
They may arrive tomorrow or the day after. – Возможно, они прибудут завтра или послезавтра.
The results of the experiment should be checked once more. – Результаты эксперимента следует проверить ещё раз.
You can go by train or rent a car. – Ты можешь поехать на поезде или взять машину напрокат.
§ 11. Эквиваленты модальных глаголов
Equivalents of Modal Verbs
|
Verb |
Present |
Past |
Future |
|
must = to have to необходимость совершить действие в силу внешних обстоятельств |
have to has to должен, приходится |
had to должен был, пришлось |
will have to должен буду, придётся. |
|
must = to be to необходимость совершить действие в связи с имеющимися планами или предварительной договорённостью |
am to is to are to должен, вынужден |
was to were to должен был, вынужден был |
___ |
|
can = to be able to |
am able to is able to are able to может, умеет |
was able to were able to смог, сумел |
will be able to сможет, сумеет |
|
may = to be allowed to |
am allowed to is allowed to are allowed to может, имеет разрешение |
was allowed to were allowed to разрешили |
will be allowed to сможет, разрешат |
I missed the commuter train and I had to go by bus. – Я опоздал на электричку, и мне пришлось ехать на автобусе.
The management was to take measures to reduce the power consumption. – Руководство было вынуждено принять меры, чтобы сократить потребление электроэнергии.
You are able to go by train or rent a car. – Ты можешь поехать поездом или взять машину напрокат.
Passengers aren't allowed to smoke in the compartment. – Пассажирам запрещено курить в купе.
Примечание:
Since the tape-recorder is still under guarantee, you don’t have to pay for the repairs. – Так как гарантийный срок службы магнитофона ещё не закончился, вам не нужно платить за ремонт.
§ 12. Порядок слов в вопросительных предложениях
В английском языке существует несколько типов вопросов: (A) общие; (B) специальные; (C) разделительные; (D) альтернативные.
(A) Общий вопрос – это вопрос, который задаётся ко всему предложению и требует краткого ответа “да” или “нет”. На первое место в таких вопросах ставится вспомогательный глагол. Схема порядка слов в общем вопросе следующая:
|
Вспомогательный или модальный глагол |
+ |
подлежащее |
+ |
основной глагол |
…? |
Если сказуемое простое, то нужно использовать вспомогательный глагол to do:
do – если сказуемое в I форме без окончания –s [ask, write];
does – если сказуемое в I форме с окончанием –s [asks, writes];
did – если сказуемое во II форме [asked, wrote].
При этом основной глагол во всех случаях ставится в I форму без окончания –s.
They speak English. → Do they speak English?
She lives in London. → Does she live in London?
He bought a new computer. → Did he buy a new computer?
Если сказуемое составное, то вспомогательный/модальный глагол, входящий в состав сказуемого, переносится на первое место в предложении; при этом форма основного глагола не изменяется.
The company has designed a new car. → Has the company designed a new car?
The cars were produced in Germany. → Were the cars produced in Germany?
She can speak English. → Can she speak English?
(B) Специальный вопрос – это вопрос, который задаётся к одному члену предложения и требует полного ответа. Схема порядка слов в специальном вопросе следующая:
|
Вопросительное слово |
+ |
вспомогательный или модальный глагол |
+ |
подлежащее |
+ |
основной глагол |
…? |
Вопросительные слова:
who кто where где, куда which который из
whom кого, кому, кем where…from откуда how как
whose чей, чья, чьё what что, какой how long как долго
when когда what kind of какой how often как часто
why почему, зачем what…for для чего how many / much сколько
The train arrived at 5 p.m. → When did the train arrive?
A dispatcher controls the train movement. → What does a dispatcher control?
The devices were produced in Japan. → Where were the devices produced?
The engineers have improved the design of the car. → What have the engineers improved?
Примечания:
They study at the University of Transport. → What University do they study at?
The first computers weighed 30 tons. → How many tons did the first computers weigh?
I write. → Who writes?
I am writing. → Who is writing?
They are writing. → Who is writing?
We were writing. → Who was writing?
I have written. → Who has written?
The books are written. → What is written?
The books were written. → What was written?
The books are being written. → What is being written?
The books were being written. → What was being written?
The books have been written. → What has been written?
(C) Разделительный вопрос состоит из двух частей. Первая часть – это повествовательное предложение (утвердительное или отрицательное), вторая, отделённая запятой от первой, – краткий вопрос, который на русский язык переводится не правда ли? не так ли?
В кратком вопросе повторяется вспомогательный или модальный глагол предложения, содержащего заявление. Если сказуемое предложения выражено глаголами to be и to have, то повторяются эти глаголы.
Helen met you at the station, didn't she?
You are an engineer, aren't you?
He has a map of the London Underground, hasn't he?
Если в повествовательной части разделительного вопроса содержится утверждение, то во второй должно быть отрицание. Если в повествовательной части – отрицание, то во второй части – утверждение.
She lives in London, doesn't she?
She doesn't live in London, does she?
(D) Альтернативный вопрос – это вопрос, который предполагает выбор из двух (или более) вариантов ответа. Альтернативный вопрос начинается как общий вопрос, затем следует разделительный союз or и вторая часть вопроса.
Will we go by bus or by train? Мы поедем на автобусе или на поезде?
Do you live in London or Manchester? Ты живёшь в Лондоне или в Манчестере?
§ 14. Наиболее распространенные служебные слова
|
according to – в соответствии с, согласно ч-л. along with – наряду с already – уже although – хотя; несмотря на то, что as – так как; в качестве as…as possible – как можно as long as – до тех пор пока as soon as – как только as well – также; тоже as well as – так же, как и as to / for – что касается because of – из-за, вследствие besides – кроме того both – оба, и тот и другой both…and… – как…, так и… by means of – посредством, при помощи despite – несмотря на, вопреки чему-л. due to – благодаря; из-за; в результате during – в течение, в продолжение; во время either…or … – или… или… for – так как; для; за; в течение however – однако, тем не менее in order to/for – для того чтобы if – если |
in spite of – несмотря на instead of – вместо того, чтобы; вместо ч-л. moreover – более того, кроме того neither … nor … – ни…ни… nevertheless – тем не менее, однако no longer – уже не, больше не provided – при условии (что); если только rather than – а не since – так как; с тех пор как; с so as + Infinitive – так чтобы such as – например; такой, как the…, the… – чем…, тем… the same as – такой же как though – хотя, несмотря на through – через, посредством, благодаря throughout – через; на всем протяжении towards – к, по направлению к unless – если…не unlike – в отличие от until – до тех пор пока…не within – в; в пределах; в рамках whether – ли while – в то время как; когда |
ТАБЛИЦА НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ
|
Infinitive |
Past Simple |
Participle II |
Перевод |
|
be |
was, were |
been |
быть |
|
become |
became |
become |
становиться, делаться |
|
begin |
began |
begun |
начинать |
|
break |
broke |
broken |
ломать, нарушать |
|
bring |
brought |
brought |
приносить, привозить |
|
build |
built |
built |
строить |
|
burn |
burnt |
burnt |
гореть, жечь |
|
buy |
bought |
bought |
покупать |
|
catch |
caught |
caught |
ловить, схватить |
|
choose |
chose |
chosen |
выбирать |
|
come |
came |
come |
приходить |
|
cost |
cost |
cost |
стоить |
|
cut |
cut |
cut |
резать |
|
do |
did |
done |
делать |
|
draw |
drew |
drawn |
тянуть, везти |
|
drive |
drove |
driven |
везти, ехать; приводить в движение |
|
fall |
fell |
fallen |
падать |
|
feed |
fed |
fed |
подавать, питать |
|
feel |
felt |
felt |
чувствовать |
|
find |
found |
found |
находить, обнаруживать |
|
fly |
flew |
flown |
летать |
|
forbid |
forbade |
forbidden |
запрещать |
|
forget |
forget |
forgotten |
забывать |
|
get |
got |
got |
получать, доставать, становиться |
|
give |
gave |
given |
давать, предоставлять |
|
go |
went |
gone |
идти, ехать |
|
grow |
grew |
grown |
расти, увеличиваться |
|
have |
had |
had |
иметь |
|
hear |
heard |
heard |
слышать |
|
hold |
held |
held |
держать |
|
keep |
kept |
kept |
держать, хранить |
|
know |
knew |
known |
знать |
|
lay |
laid |
laid |
класть, положить |
|
lead |
led |
led |
вести, управлять |
|
learn |
learnt |
learnt |
узнавать, учить |
|
leave |
left |
left |
оставлять, уходить, уезжать |
|
let |
let |
let |
позволять, разрешать |
|
lie |
lay |
lain |
лежать |
|
light |
lit |
lit |
освещать, зажигать |
|
lose |
lost |
lost |
терять; проигрывать |
|
make |
made |
made |
делать, заставлять |
|
mean |
meant |
meant |
значить, означать; иметь в виду |
|
meet |
met |
met |
встречать |
|
pay |
paid |
paid |
платить |
|
put |
put |
put |
класть, ставить |
|
read |
read |
read |
читать |
|
ride |
rode |
ridden |
ездить |
|
ring |
rang |
rung |
звонить |
|
run |
run |
run |
бегать, двигаться; управлять |
|
say |
said |
said |
говорить, сказать |
|
see |
saw |
seen |
видеть |
|
sell |
sold |
sold |
продавать |
|
seek |
sought |
sought |
искать, стремиться |
|
send |
sent |
sent |
посылать, отправлять |
|
set |
set |
set |
ставить, помещать, устанавливать |
|
show |
showed |
shown |
показывать |
|
shut |
shut |
shut |
закрывать |
|
sit |
sat |
sat |
cидеть |
|
sleep |
slept |
slept |
cпать |
|
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
говорить, разговаривать |
|
spend |
spent |
spent |
тратить, проводить (время) |
|
spread |
spread |
spread |
растягивать, распространять (ся) |
|
stand |
stood |
stood |
стоять; поставить; держаться |
|
steal |
stole |
stolen |
красть, похищать |
|
take |
took |
taken |
брать, принимать |
|
tell |
told |
told |
сказать, сообщать, рассказывать |
|
think |
thought |
thought |
думать, полагать |
|
wear |
wore |
worn |
носить, изнашиваться |
|
win |
won |
won |
выигрывать |
|
write |
wrote |
written |
писать, сочинять |
БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СПИСОК
План 2010
Учебное издание
Жесткова Марина Владимировна
Никитина Светлана Яковлевна
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Учебно-методическое пособие
Подписано в печать 25.06.2010. Формат 60х84 1/16.
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Отпечатано в Самарском государственном университете путей сообщения
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