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АСТРАХАНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
Кафедра иностранных языков
МЕТОДИЧЕСКАЯ РАЗРАБОТКА РАЗГОВОРНОЙ ТЕМЫ
“ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИЯ”
ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ 1-ГО КУРСА
ВСЕХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ
АСТРАХАНЬ - 1998
Составитель: старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков
Жигульская Л.М.
THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
I. Read the words:
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Ireland |
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Dover |
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Channel |
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Gulf Stream |
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current |
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ocean |
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Irish |
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island |
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roughly |
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Lowland |
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Highland |
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legislative |
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Cheviot Hills |
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plateau |
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Snowdon |
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Tweed |
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Tyne |
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Thames |
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Mersey |
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Avon |
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Severn |
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iron |
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textile |
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aircraft |
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equipment |
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harbour |
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Liverpool |
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Glasgow |
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Portsmouth |
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yard |
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barley |
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oat |
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hereditary |
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measure |
II. Master the active vocabulary:
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in terms of |
с точки зрения |
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mountainous |
горный |
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temperature |
умеренный |
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aircraft |
самолет |
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maritime |
морской |
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harbour |
гавань |
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yard |
верфь |
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goods |
товары |
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farming |
сельское хозяйство, ферма |
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oats |
овес |
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barley |
ячмень |
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temporal |
временный; мирской |
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church |
церковь |
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to vote |
голосовать |
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executive power |
исполнительная власть |
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bereditary |
наследственный |
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measure |
мера |
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bill |
законопроект, билль |
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to preside |
председательствовать |
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Lord Chancellor |
лорд-канцлер |
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judiciary |
суд |
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to alternate |
чередоваться |
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to hold government office |
быть у власти |
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cross |
крест |
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background |
фон |
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anthem |
гимн |
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constitutional monarchy |
конституционная монархия |
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to command a majority |
обладать большинством |
III. Read and translate the text:
THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political name of the country which is made of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It is often abbreviated to "UK". The capital of the whole United Kingdom is London.
You should know that "the United Kingdom" is also called Britain.
Britain is one of the world’s smaller countries with an area of some 244,000 square kilometres; with some 56 million people, it ranks about 14-th in terns of population.
The United Kingdom is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles lie off the western shores, of Europe. They are separated from the Continent by the Strait of Dover, the English Channel (La Manche) and by the North Sea. A warm ocean current, the Gulf Stream, washes Britain’s western shores. In the northwest the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. The Irish Sea separates Great Britain from Ireland in the west.
The island of Great Britain can be roughly divided into two main regions - Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. The Pennine Chain extends southward from the Cheviot Hills into the Midland. England is separated from Scotland by the Cheviot Hills. Scotland has three natural topographic divisions: the Soubharn Uplands, the Central Lowlands, and the Northern Highlands which contain Ben Nevis, the highest point in the British Isles.
Wales is mountainous; North Ireland contains many plateaus and hills.
Snowdon is the highest mountain in England and Wales.
The rivers flow east Into the North Sea (the Tweed, the Tyne, the Thames) and west into the Irish Sea or the British Channel (the Mersey, the Avon and the longest river in England - the Severn).
England has no large lakes. But the lake District in the northwestern part of the country is known for its beauty. There are sixteen lakes there.
The climate is mild and temperate. This is duo to the Gulf Stream which warns its shores. Rainfall is plentiful during the whole year. The heavy fogs of England arc famous. January and February are usually the coldest months, July and August – the warmest.
The most important natural resources of England are iron and coal. Copper, zinc, lead and building atone are the principal materials taken out of the ground.
Great Britain his a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment.
Being an island Britain had to develop its fleet as a major means of transportation and communication with the rest of the world. Today Britain is one of the great maritime nations of the world. The harbours of the island serve as convenient ports among which are London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Portsmouth and others.
Great Britain is famous for its shipbuilding industry. The largest shipbuilding yards are in Glasgow.
Britain is the world’s third largest trading nation, accounting for about 11 percent of International trade in manufactured goods.
Agriculture takes an important sector in economy of the country. Britain has different types of farming; ranging from beef breeding in Scotland and sheep farming in the mountains of growing wheat, barley, oats and potatoes in the eastern counties.
Sea fishing is of great importance in Scotland and in the northeast of England.
Britain is a parliamentary democracy with a Constitutional monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, as head of State. The country is governed in the Queen’s name by the Government. The Quean la temporal head of the Church of England.
The British Parliament consists of two Houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Queen opens each new session with a speech setting out the government’s broad programme.
The House of Commons, which plays the major part in lawmaking, consists of 633 elected members of Parliament (MPs), each representing an area in England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. MPs are elected at a general election bold every five years. The minimum voting age is 18. The Government is formed by the political party, which can command majority support in the House of Commons. Its leader la the Prime Minister, who chooses ministers, of whom 20 are in the Cabinet. The executive power is exercised by the Cabinet. The House of Commons is presided over by the Speaker.
The House of Lords is made up hereditary. The House is presided over by the Lord Chancellor who is head of the judiciary in England and Wales. Legislative measures are introduced into Parliament as Bills by ministers or by other MPs.
The work of Government is carried out through the various government departments.
Since 1945 Government has alternated between two political parties, the Conservatives (the Tory) and Labour Party. The third long-established party, the Liberals, enjoyed moments of success, but no member of this Party has held government office since 1945.
Flag: Known as the Union Jack, the flag has the red cross of St. George of England, the white cross of St. Andrew of Scotland, and the red cross of St. Patrick of Ireland, all on the blue background.
Anthem: "God Save the Queen/King".
IV. Answer the questions:
1. What is the political name of the country?
2. What countries is it made of?
3. What is the capital of UK?
4. What is the area of UK?
5. What is the population of it?
6. Where is UK situated?
7. How la the country separated from the Continent?
8. What sea separates Great Britain from Ireland?
9. Where are the Cheviot Bills?
10. Which is the highest point in the British Isles?
11. Which is the longest river in England?
12. What can you say about the climate?
13. What natural resources are there in Britain?
14. Is Britain a highly developed industrial country?
15. What ports of Britain do you know?
16. What types of farming does Britain have?
17. What is Britain’s political system?
18. How many Houses does the British parliament consist of?
19. How many members of Parliament does the House of Commons consist of?
20. How is the Government formed?
21. What is made up hereditary?
22. What political parties are there in Britain?
V. Give Russian equivalents for these words and word combinations:
population, shore, ocean current, to flow, temperate, plentiful, heavy fog, natural resources, copper, navigation equipment, means of communication, to be famous for, shipbuilding yard, trading nation, manufactured goods, beef breeding, wheat, sea fishing, Queen, broad programme, law-making, to represent, to elect, voting age, majority support, legislative measures, to carry out.
VI. Find in the English equivalents for these words and word combinations:
площадь, теплое течение, простираться, северо-западная часть, свинец, уголь, экспортер, производитель, флот, гавань, судостроительная промышленность, международная торговля, картофель, глава государства, общие выборы, давно существующая партия, премьер-министр, управляться, исполнительная власть, осуществляться, консерваторы (тори), либералы.
VII. Read the sentences and translate them into Russian. Comment on the use of Tenses and Voices:
1. Great Britain lies on the Atlantic coast of Western Europe?
2. It is separated from Trance by only 34 km of water.
3. The west of the island has a higher rainfall.
4. Britain has been many centures in the making.
5. To become a law, a new bill must be approved by both houses of the Parliament.
6. Since 1945 Government in Britain has alternated between the Conservatives and Labour Party.
7. Before the United Kingdom was formed it took centures.
9. Britain lives by industry and trade.
9. British manufactured goods are sent all over the world.
10. Over 200 years ago the first industrial revolution began in Britain.
11. The British people have also been known as superior, snoblish and unsociable.
12. Since 1945 there have been 27 British scientists who have received Nobel awards.
VIII. Insert the missing words from the text:
1. The rivers ... ... into the North Sea.
2. The British Isles lie off the ... ... of Europe.
3. ... is the highest mountain in England.
4. The most important ... ... of England are iron and coal.
5. The largest shipbuilding ... are in Glasgow.
6. The House of Commons is presided over by ... ... .
7. ... ... is temporal bead of the Church of England.
8. To Britain is one of the great ... ... of the world.
9. The Severn is ... ... river in England.
10. The heavy ... of England are famous.
IX. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Соединенное Королевство состоит из четырех частей.
2. Соединенное Королевство - высокоразвитая промышленная страна, которая производит и экспортирует различную продукцию.
3. Соединенное Королевство управляется монархом (the sovereign) выборной Палатой Общин, а также наследственной Палатой Лордов.
4. Соединенное Королевство омывается Северным морем, Атлантическим океаном и теплым течением Гольфстрим.
5. Палата Общин - правящий орган Соединенного Королевства.
6. Исполнительская власть осуществляется Кабинетом министров.
7. Премьер-министр - лидер партии, которая имеет большинство в Палате Общин.
8. Страна расположена на Британских островах.
9. Британия богата углем, железом, медью, цинком и свинцом.
10. Самые крупные порты Британии: Ливерпуль, Лондон, Глазго.
11. Самые крупные города Британии: Лондон, Бирмингем, Кардиф, Манчестер, Дублин.
12. Самые известные университеты находятся в Кембридже и Оксфорде.
13. Шеффилд – крупнейший промышленный центр.
14. Члены Парламента избираются каждые пять лет.
15. Власть монарха ограничена Парламентом.
16. Британия – производитель и экспортер станков, электроники, текстиля.
17. Судостроение – главная отрасль промышленности.
X. Rend the story and analyse the use of tenses paying special attention to the Passive Voice:
:
THE STORY OF THE LOCH NESS MONSTER
In the North of Scotland there is a lake which contains one of the biggest mysteries of the 20th century. For somewhere in the deep waters of Loch Ness a Boaster is hiding. Or is it?
The story of the Loch Jess Monster begins in 1933 when it was seen for the first time/ Since then it has been seen at least once every year and. has been photographed many times. The first photograph was taken by a local man in November, 1933. On one occasion, large brown eyes were seen and horns have been reported several tines. Ears have not yet been mentioned.
The monster, however, has not been forgotten and will probably never be forgotten. It is known that it sometimes leaves the lake and a few years ago it was seen running along the main road not far from a cafe. Occasionally two monsters have been seen at the same tine. It is not known whether they are father and son, husband and wife, or perhaps monster and girl-friend. But the monster and its activities remain a mystery.
XI. Speak on the following topies:
a) the geography and climate of the U.K.
b) the economy of the U.K.
c) the state system of the U.K.
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL FOR READING
Text 1.
LONDON
London is the capital of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and. Northern Ireland. It is the largest city in the world with the population of 11 million people. It is the country’s political, business and banking centre. London has got three parts the City of London, the West End, the East End. The City is home to London’s main financial organizations. The Royal Exchange, the Stock Exchange and the Bank of England are situated here. The West End is known for its theatres, cinemas, luxurious hotels, restaurants and expensive shops. There are many sights is the West End. They are: the Houses of Parliament with Big Ben, Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace, Trafalgar Square with the status of Lord Nelson.
There are many museums, libraries and galleries in London. The British Museum is a very interesting place, its library has a lot of books.
The East End is known as the poorer residential area. There are many factories, docks. One can say that the City is the money of London, the West End is the goods of London, the East End is the hands of London.
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to be home |
быть местом нахождения чего-либо |
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the Royal Exchange |
Королевская Биржа |
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the Stock Exchange |
Фондовая Биржа |
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a luxurious hotel |
роскошный отель |
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a poorer residential area |
бедный жилой район |
Answer the following question:
What are the main parts of London?
Text 2.
ENGLISH TRADITIONS
Every country and every nation has its own traditions and customs. We cannot speak about England without speaking about its traditions and customs. Englishmen are proud of their traditions and carefully keep then up. London has preserved its old ceremonies and traditions to a greater extent than any other city in England.
Most of these traditions have been kept up without interruption since the thirteenth century.
Uniforms are rather characteristic of this fact. When one sees the warders at the Tower of London with their funny bats and unusual dresses with royal monograms, one feels carried back to the age of Queen Elizabeth I.
Even in the unromantic everyday life of English businessmen we can see the same formal traditions. In the City of London there may be seen a number of men in top-hats. These are the bank messengers who bad to put on these bats according to tradition. The same tradition makes the Eton boys (the boys of Eton College) put on a silk bat, a very short jacket and long trousers.
All of you, .of course, have seen English films and noticed official black dresses and white wigs of judges and advocates, though wigs have not been used for nearly two hundred years in other countries.
One of the most impressive and popular ceremonies is "Changing the Guard", which takes place at Buckingham Palace every day at 11.30. The uniforms of the guards are extremely coloured - red tunics, blue trousers and bearskin caps, and they always attract London sightseers.
Another formal display is the "Ceremony of Keys" which takes place every night at 9.53 p.m. when the Chief Warder of the Tower of London lights a candle lantern and carries the keys makes his way with the Escort to the gates of the gates and locks them. This ceremony takes place every night without interruption. It is said that on the night of April 16, 1941, air bombing stopped the ceremony, knocking out members of the Escort. Despite this the duty was completed.
The English are stay-at-home people. "There is no place like home" they say. And when the man is not working be is at home in the company of his wife and children and busies himself with the affairs of the home. "The Englishman’s home is his castle" is a saying known, all over the world. Englishmen are very fond of chimneys, that’s why many of then prefer the open fire to central beating. They like to live in small houses with a small garden. A typical house of this kind is built with two floors. Many British people give their house a name.
English people keep to their traditions even in meals. Porridge is the dish Englishmen are very fond of. Many of the” eat porridge with milk for breakfast. As for the Scotch they never put sugar in their porridge, they always put salt in it.
The English are tea-drinkers. They have it many times a day. They usually drink tea with milk.
The national drink in England is beer as a tradition the English people enjoy Christmas very much. They celebrate it on the 25th of December.
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warder |
Страж |
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royal |
Королевский |
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top-bat |
Цилиндр |
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messenger |
Курьер, посыльный |
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wig |
Парик |
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guard |
Караул, стража |
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bearskin |
Медвежья шкура |
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candle lantern |
фонарь со свечой |
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to lock |
запирать |
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to knock out |
сбить с ног |
Answer the question:
What English tradition do you like?
Test 3.
SCIENCS AND TECHNOLOGY IN BRITAIN
Since the first artificial splitting of the atom at Cambridge, in 1932, by Sir John Cockcroft and Dr. Walton, Britain’s nuclear scientists have made continuous progress in using atomic energy.
Today eight commercial nuclear power stations are supplying electricity for factories and homes and others are being built. Some of Britain’s top scientists are engaged in space research. Others are making vital discoveries in the laboratory into the very nature of life itself.
Britain is pre-eminent in radio astronomy and in radar for marine and aviation purposes. Much work was done in Britain on electronic computers. British advances in medicine Include penicillin and other antibiotics.
British contributions to science include many great discoveries linked with famous names - Sir Isaac Newton (theory of gravitation), Robert Boyle ("the father of modern chemistry"), Michael Faraday (whose discoveries gave rise to the electrical industry). In the present century - J. Thomson, Lord Rutherford (work on nuclear science). Sir William Bragg (X-ray analysis). Medicine owes much to such pioneers as William Harvey (circulation of the blood), Edward Jenner (vaccination).
Since 1945 there have been 27 British scientists who have received International recognition for their work by gaining Nobel . There are over 200 scientific societes in Britain.
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artificial |
искусственный |
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vital |
жизненно важный |
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pre-eminent |
выдающийся |
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owe |
быть обязанным |
Answer the questions:
1) Who made the first artificial splitting of the atom?
2) What branches of science and technology is Britain pre-eminent is?
3) What great discoveries did Britain contribute to science?
Text 4
YOUTH AND RECREATION IN BRITAIN
In Britain young people like Youth Clubs, thousand of then, for music, games, dancing or just talking.
Too Scouts and Girl Guides Association, founded in Britain more than half a century ago are still popular. In summer they camp under canvas and learn to know the countryside, to cook for and look after themselves.
Theatre. There are special performances for children and students at many theatres. There is also a National Youth Theatre, most of its actors being teenages.
Young Farmers' Clubs, with thousands of members in country areas.
The clubs visit fares and research stations and enjoy social meeting as well.
Music They enjoy folk music or pop music either on records or at clubs. They like to listen to classical music. They play in their own orchestras like the National Youth Orchestra,
Outdoor holidays with various clubs or on their own. Walking, pony trekking, climbing and sailing are very popular.
Travelling. The Youth Hostes Association provides cheap accommodation for young people travelling, often on foot, through Britain and other European countries.
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Scouts and Girl Guides Associations |
Ассоциация бойскаутов и герл-гайдов (девочек-скаутов) |
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canvas |
брезент |
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teenager |
юноша или девушка |
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pony trek |
ехать в фургоне, запряженном пони |
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Youth Hostes Association |
Ассоциация молодежных турбаз |
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accommodation |
стол и ночлег |
Answer the questions:
1) What clubs and associations do British people like?
2) What do you know about then?
Text 5.
THE BRITISH MUSEUM
The British Museum is one of the greatest and beat-known museums in the world, both in the variety of it collections and in their wide range and high quality. It was founded in 1753 by a decision of the Parliament.
It is situated in Bloomsbury, a district in central London. It is an immense, light grey building, like a greek temple.
It is difficult to answer the question "What the British Museum is?". There are 11 major departments.
First of all the British Museum is a great library, one of the largest in the world, with something like 5 or 6 million books. By law a copy of every book, periodical including maps and music published in Britain must be kept at the British Museum. Newspapers are kept in a separate building in another part of London.
The British Museum Library is a reading - room and a reference library, but not a lending library.
Secondly, the British Museum is a great scientific institution, generally known as Natural History Museum.
Lastely the British Museum has a wonderful, art gallery. It has unique collections of sculpture, ceramics, drawings and paintings of the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Chinese, Japanese, Indians and many other people.
It has unique collections of Italian (Leonardo da Vinci), English, French prints and so on.
The British Museum is the most important place of archaeological study in the world, with unique collections.
There is a notable and priceless collection of medieval objects of art from all the countries of Europe.
Answer the questions:
1) When was the British Museum founded?
2) What are the most important departments of the Museum?
Text 6.
HEATHER IN BRITAIN
British people say:
"Other countries have a climate, in England we have weather".
The weather in Britain changes very quickly. One day may be fine and the next day may be wet. The morning mау be wars and the evening nay be cool.
People talk about the weather more in Britain than in most parts of the world. When two Englishmen are introduced to each other, if they can't think of anything else to talk about, they talk about the weather. The weather is also considered a safe topic of conversation. If you do not know each other well enough to talk about personal Batters, you can at least sound friendly by talking about the weather.
Every daily paper publishes a weather forecast. Both the radio and television give the weather forecast several tines each day.
Answer the question:
What is the weather in Britain?
Supplement
MONEY
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Coins |
Монеты |
Banknotes |
Банкноты |
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a halt penny |
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1 penny |
Ј 5 pounds |
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2 pence |
Ј 10 pounds |
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5 pence |
Ј 20 pounds |
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10 pence |
Ј 50 pounds |
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20 pence |
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50 pence |
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Ј 1 (one pound) = 100 pence |
MEASURES AND WEIGHTS
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Measures of Length |
Меры длины |
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Inch (in) |
Дюйм |
1 дюйм = 2,54 см |
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Foot (ft.) |
Фут |
1 фут = 30,48 см |
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Yard (yd.) |
Ярд |
1 ярд = 91,44 см |
|
Mile (mi.) |
Миля |
1 миля = 1,609 км |
|
Millimeter |
Миллиметр |
|
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Centimeter |
Сантиметр |
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Meter |
Метр |
1 метр = 1,09 ярда = 39,37 дюйма = 3,28 фута |
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Kilometer |
Километр |
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Measures of Weights |
Меры веса |
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Ounce (oz) |
1 унция = 28,3 г |
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Pound (lb) |
1 фунт = 454 г |
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Gram |
|
|
Kilogram |
|
|
Tone |
HOLIDAY IN GREAT BRITAIN
|
New Year Day (January 1) |
Новый год |
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Gold Friday |
Страстная пятница |
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Easter Monday |
Пасхальный понедельник |
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May Day |
Первый понедельник мая |
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Spring Bank Holiday |
Последний понедельник мая |
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August Bank Holiday |
Последний понедельник августа |
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Christmas (December 25) |
Рождество |
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Boxing Day (December 26, or December 27 if December 26 is Sunday) |
2-й день Рождества – название этого праздника происходит от слова “box” (коробка) куда прячут рождественские подарки |