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(Me)- Good morning, colleagues. Today we are going to talk about family and it’s types. My name is Кристина Удалова and I'd like to introduce my colleague: Штецберг Алена
So, I’ll start with the question ( 1 )What is a family? There is no exact definition of the word “ family”. Especially speaking about Russian family. A famous American philosopher and writer George Santayana said: “The family is one of nature's masterpieces”. According to John Bowring, an English politician, “a happy family is but an earlier heaven”… Benjamin Disraeli, one of the most famous prime ministers in British history, underlines, that “Marriage is the greatest earthy happiness when founded on complete sympathy”.
( 2 )First of all, families in Russia vary considerably. /…../( 3 )There are rich families/ ….. /( 4 )and poor ones. Our country has a very small number of families which are rolling in money, and a great number of families living near or below the poverty level.
( 5)Of course, in Russia as in other countries there are close-knit families/…./ ( 6 ) and conflict families. Warm, supportive, moderately strict family environments usually produce happy and well-behaved children. And cold, rigid and overly strict families tend to cause youngsters to become rebellious, resentful and insecure.
( 7 )So, what is an average Russian family? What types of family are met in our country? Alena will tell you about it.
Alena ( 8 )Now let’s speak about different types of family. /…../ ( 9 )The first type we will talk about is the extended family. Such families are very common in Russia. An extended family consists of a mother, a father, children, aunts, uncles, cousins and grandparents. ( 10 )The members of extended families share their possessions and help each other out when it is necessary. Sometimes several generations live under the same roof.
( 11 )Nuclear family are typical of Russia too. A nuclear family consists of parents and their dependent children. In our country the nuclear family is regarded as normal. In fact, the number of households containing a nuclear family is shrinking year by year. [ 12]In most of these families both parents are employed. Such kind of family is called two-career family.[ 13 ] In Russia has been a tremendous increase in the number of married women who work outside the house. [ 14 ]The employment of married women has increased family income significantly, but research indicates that this economic gain does not necessarily bring happiness. [ 15 ]Where husbands support their wives, doing their share of cleaning and child care, the couples are usually happy in their marriages. Where husbands expect their wives to do all the housework as well as their jobs, there is frequently conflict.
[ 16 ]As a result of conflicts in Russian families there are the increased divorce rate, here has been a huge rise in the number of children growing up in households with just one parent. [ 17 ]A large majority of such families are headed by women. Unfortunately, there is a lack of social support for single mothers in Russia. [ 18 ]It is important to notice that Russian Government pays special grants to all the families having children. These payments are called the maternity allowance. One-parent families need such grants most of all, but in Russia the maternity allowance includes an extremely small amount of money[ 19 ] and a great number of one-parent families live below the poverty level. /……./A cartoon “Dwarf nose” is a good example of such a family headed by man. Now I’d like to hang over to Christina.
Me [ 20 ]Thank you alena .So,Because of the high rates of divorce and remarriage, stepfamilies have also become quite common in Russia.Because women usually win custody (that is, care and guardianship) of children in divorce cases, most stepfamilies consist of mothers, their biological children, and stepfathers.The happiness of stepfamilies depends largely on how well the stepfather gets along with the children.[ 20 ]It can be difficult because teenagers try hard to break free of adult control. They may accept parental discipline only out of love and respect. Conflict between stepparents and stepchildren is one of the main reasons that second marriages fail at a higher rate than first marriages. Cartoons and fairy-tales «Zolushka» , «Morozko”, “Rapuntsel’” , “Vasilisa Prekrasnaya” are good examples of step-families which consist of a father, his biological daughter and a stepmother.
[ 22 ]In spite of bad demographic situation in Russia, there still remains a small number of families with three or more children. Such type of family is called the large family.In some of large families in Russia all the children are biological, but there can be adopted children either. In some cases the number of children can be really big. [ 23 ] The Shishkins, who have twenty biological children, are called one of the biggest families in Russia./……/
[ 24 ]Russia is a multinational country. In different national republics which are parts of the Russian Federation the family unit exists according to local cultural and religious traditions. For example, you can see a Caucasian family[ 25 ] and a family in Chukotka. /…..…../And now Alena will tell you about problems that families face.
A:[ 26 ]Russia is not a high developed country and its economic and social situation leaves much to be desired. So, it is not surprising that a Russian family face a lot of problems. Most common problems are [ 27 ]unemployment, /………/[ 28 ]the lack of governmental support. /……./ [ 29 ]Families with two or more children are paid the special grant called the maternity capital by Russian Government , but this money is not enough at all to solve the most serious problems. [ 30 ]Other problems families in Russia face are poor living conditions [ 31 ] and, of course, the alcohol problem./……./ [ 32 ]It is a very serious problem in our country because an enormous amount of alcohol consumed by Russian men and women alike. [ 33 ]This problem, for example, often cause ending of families in divorce. In Russia there in a very high divorce rate.[34 ] Different problems within the family influence children’s school life and sometimes they have problems at school. /………/ [ 35 ] One of the most serious problems of an average Russian family is the accommodation problem. It is extremely difficult for a family to buy a house or a flat because of enormously high prices on the property market. The Government says that it is possible to buy a flat on credit, but, I am afraid, it is possible only theoretically.
[ 36 ]We also cannot avoid mentioning such pressing Russian problem as children homelessness. There are a lot of children who don’t have parents. Some of them were refused by parents, others’ parents died. [ 37 ] Most of waives or parentless children live in special institutions called orphanages. All of them dream of being adopted, but, unfortunately, dreams most of them won’t come true.
me[ 38 ]So, as you can see, it is not easy at all for a family to exist in Russia today. But, in spite of this, family remains a powerful symbol and family values are still important in our society.[ 39 ]
Thank you very much for your attention.