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THEORY OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR.
Seminar 1
THE Verb. Some grammatical categories.
1. Time and the category of tense. The problem of the grammatical future.
Points to be covered: the concept of time and linguistic means of its expression (lexical and grammatical); the definition of the category of tense; absolute use of tenses in English vs absolute and relative use of tenses in Russian; systems of tenses suggested for ME (three-member opposition, two-member opposition); the reasons for opposing the present and past tense to the future tense; modal and auxiliary “shall” and “will”; the problem of the future-in-the-past form; the category of posteriority (prospective time, prospect) as a second temporal category of the English verb.
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M.Я. Блох. Сс 137-141 Б.А. Ильиш. Сс 86-89, 90-98 |
А.И.Смирницкий. Морфология. Сс 332-333 Г.С.Прокопчук. Лекция 6. Сс 18-20 |
2. The category of order (correlation).
Points to be covered: different approaches to the categorization of the perfect forms; the opposition of non-perfect ~ perfect forms; individual grammatical meaning of the categorial forms and the general meaning of the category of order; interaction of the lexical and the grammatical meaning in the use of perfect forms.
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М.Я.Блох. Сс 166-176 Б.А.Ильиш. Сс 90-98 |
А.И. Смирницкий. Морфология. Сс 308-314 Г.С.Прокопчук. Лекция 6.Сс 21-22 |
3. The category of aspect. Aspect and lexical meaning of the verb.
Points to be covered: the general characteristics of the category; the opposition of non-continuous ~ continuous forms; the individual grammatical meanings of the categorial forms and the general grammatical meaning of the category; terminative (limitive), durative (unlimitive) and statal verbs; the influence of the lexical meaning of the verb on the meaning of the continuous form; neutralization of the opposition.
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M.Я.Блох. Сс 9с4-97, 158-161 Б.А.Ильиш. Сс 77-81, 83-85 |
А.И. Смирницкий. Морфология. Сс 321-327 Г.С.Прокопчук. Лекция 6. Сс 20-21 |
4. The category of voice. The problem of the number of voices in English.
Points to be covered: general characteristics of the category; syntactic significance of the category - obligatory and optional connections for active and passive forms; opposition and meanings of the members; general grammatical meanings of the category; voice and lexical meaning of the verb; the problem of the number of voices in ME; difficulties in differentiating between analytical forms and free phrases; the reflexive voice; the reciprocal voice; the problem of the middle voice - the form and the meaning; the problem of “get” and “ become” passive; the problem of the homonymy of the passive voice and the compound nominal predicate.
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М.Я.Блох.Сс 180-183 Б.А.Ильиш.Сс 119-122 |
А.И. Смирницкий. Морфология. Сс 257-264, 273-274 Г.С.Прокопчук. Лекция 7. Сс 22-26 |
5. Modality and the category of mood. The problem of the number of moods.
Points to be covered: modality and various linguistic means of its expression; mood as a grammatical means of expressing modality; difficulties in classifying verb-forms expressing modality - absence of direct correspondence of meaning and form, the problem of homonymy or polysemy of forms, difficulty in distinguishing between modal verbs and mood-auxiliaries; general characteristics of the category; the number of moods in English - indicative mood as a system of tense-forms, imperative mood, subjunctive mood as a system of forms expressing problematic and unreal actions.
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Л.С.Бархударов. Очерки … Сс 129-131 |
А.И. Смирницкий. Морф. Сс 314-316, 341-352 Г.С.Прокопчук. Лекция 8. Сс 26-30 |
Seminar 2
MAIN UNITS OF SYNTAX.
1. The phrase (word group) as a unit of syntax.
Points to be covered: a phrase as a naming unit; different definitions of a phrase; principles of classification of phrases - syntactic relations, position and morphological expression of constituents; classification of word-groups by H.Sweet and O.Jespersen; the theory of three ranks; types of syntactic relations between the components - subordination, coordination, interdependence (predicativity), apposition; classification of phrases into endocentric and exocentric; means of expressing syntactic relations.
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Л.С.Бархударов. Структура ... Сс 34-46 Д.Г.Богушевич. Сс 75-77 |
А. Смирницкий. Синтаксис. Сс 74-86 Г.С. Прокопчук. Лекция 9 |
2. The sentence. Predicativity.
Points to be covered: a sentence as a unit of language and speech (utterance); naming and communicative functions; its 3 main aspects - syntactic, semantic, logico-communicative; predicativity, its components and means of expression; primary and secondary predication; means of expressing secondary predication.
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M.Я.Блох. Сс 104, 232-233 Д.Г.Богушевич. Сс 60-66 Б.А.Ильиш.Сс 182, 188 |
А.И.Смирницкий. Синтаксис. С. 100-107 Г.С.Прокопчук. Лекция 10. Cс 36-37 |
2. Syntactic structure.The general theory of parts (members) of the sentence.
Points to be covered: functional level of sentence analysis, syntactic aspect of the sentence; different views on the theory of members of the sentence; classifications of parts of the sentence based on different principles - functional, distributional, structural; principle and secondary members of the sentences; obligatory and optional members.
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Д.Г.Богушевич. Сс 66-74 Л.С.Бархударов. Структура ... Cс15-18, 142-144 И.П. Иванова и др. Сc 183-190 |
Б.А.Ильиш. С. 205 Г.С.Прокопчук. Лекция 11. Cс 38-40 |
3. The Deep/Semantic structure of the sentence.
Points to be covered: semantic aspect of the sentence; modality and proposition; types of semantic predicates - qualitatively (material, mental, relational, etc.) and quantitatively (valency); types of semantic arguments/deep cases/semantic roles.
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Д.Г.Богушевич. Сс87-102 И.П. Иванова и др. Сc241-248 |
Г.С.Прокопчук. Лекция 12. Cс44-46 |
4. Communicative structure of the sentence (FSP-model /Actual Sentence Division).
Points to be covered: sentence as a unit of speech (logico-communicative aspect of the sentence); logico-communicative structure of the sentence - the theme and the rheme (topic and comment), means of their expression; progressive and regressive structures of the sentence; means of preserving the progressive structure (Th -> Rh) - passive constructions, conversives, formal introductory subjects, inversion; the notion of communicative dynamism.
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Д.Г.Богушевич. Сс77-86 Л.С.Бархударов. Структура ... Cс15-18, 142-144 |
И.П. Иванова и др. Сc256-260 Г.С.Прокопчук. Лекция 12. Cс46-49 |