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тема Подотрасли и конституционноправовые институты

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Конституционное право Российской Федерации.

«Общие положения»

  1.  Конституционное право как отрасль права, наука и учебная дисциплина. Источники конституционного права.
  2.  Конституционные нормы: их особенности и виды.
  3.  Конституционное право: понятие, предмет, система. Подотрасли и конституционно-правовые институты.

«Конституция РФ»

  1.  Общее учение о Конституции: понятие, содержание, виды, порядок принятия и отмены действия.
  2.  Предпосылки и причины принятия Конституции РФ 1993 г. Порядок принятия Конституции РФ 1993 г.
  3.  Юридические свойства Конституции РФ. Прямое действие Конституции РФ.
  4.  Порядок изменения гл. 1,2,9 Конституции РФ и ст. 65 Конституции РФ. Порядок изменения гл. 3-8 Конституции РФ.

«Основы конституционного строя РФ»

  1.  Основы конституционного строя РФ: понятие, содержание, правовая основа.
  2.  Характеристика РФ как государства в соответствии с гл. 1 Конституции РФ.
  3.  Организационно-политические и социально-экономические основы конституционного строя РФ.

«Основы правового положения личности»

  1.  Конституционный статус личности: понятие, структура, соотношение с правовым и фактическим положением личности в обществе.
  2.  Элементы и принципы конституционного статуса личности.
  3.  Понятие и принципы российского гражданства.
  4.  Приобретение гражданства РФ по рождению.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
  5.  Приобретение российского гражданства в результате приема и восстановления.
  6.  Приобретение и прекращение гражданства в результате оптации и по иным основаниям.
  7.  Прекращение гражданства РФ.

«Конституционные права, свободы и обязанности»

  1.  Конституционные права, свободы и обязанности человека и гражданина: понятие и юридическая природа. Классификация конституционных прав и свобод.
  2.  Конституционные обязанности человека и гражданина.
  3.  Политические права и свободы человека и гражданина.
  4.  Экономические и социальные права.
  5.  Личные права и свободы.
  6.  Гарантии реализации конституционных прав и свобод человека и гражданина. Легитимные основания ограничения прав и свобод человека и гражданина по ч. 3 ст. 55 и  ст. 56 Конституции РФ.

«Российский федерализм»

  1.  Государственное устройство: понятие, элементы, формы. Понятие и признаки конфедерации, федерации и унитарного государства.
  2.  Российская федерация как суверенное государство. Особенности России как федерации.
  3.  Предметы ведения РФ по ст. 71 Конституции РФ.
  4.  Предметы совместного ведения РФ и субъектов по ст. 72 Конституции. Предметы ведения субъектов РФ.
  5.  Государственные символы РФ: герб, гимн и флаг. Правовое закрепление, описание, порядок официального использования.
  6.  Конституционно-правовой статус субъектов РФ. Классификация субъектов РФ.
  7.  Особенности статуса республики, края, области и городов федерального значения в составе РФ.

«Избирательное право и избирательный процесс»

  1.  Выборы: понятие и виды. Избирательное право и избирательная система: понятие, виды, соотношение.
  2.  Принципы избирательного права по федеральному избирательному законодательству.
  3.  Избирательный процесс: понятие, стадии.
  4.  Избирательные округа и участки: понятие, виды, правила образования. Финансирование выборов.
  5.  Органы управления выборами: участковые, территориальные, окружные комиссии. Порядок образования, полномочия. Центральная избирательная комиссия.
  6.  Выдвижение и регистрация кандидатов в депутаты Государственной Думы и на должность Президента РФ.
  7.  Предвыборная агитация: содержание, порядок проведения. правовые ограничения.
  8.  Порядок проведения голосования. Избирательный бюллетень. Порядок подведения итогов выборов.

«Система органов государственной власти РФ»

  1.  Органы государственной власти: понятие, признаки, система. Конституционный принцип разделения властей. Система «сдержек и противовесов» в механизме разделения властей в РФ.

«Президент РФ»

  1.  Статус Президента РФ, его элементы по Конституции РФ. Срок полномочий Президента РФ, общий порядок избрания Президента РФ.
  2.  Полномочия Президента РФ по Конституции РФ. Акты Президента РФ.
  3.  Правовые основания для прекращения полномочий Президента РФ. Порядок отрешения Президента от должности по Конституции РФ.

«Федеральное собрание РФ»

  1.  Федеральное Собрание России: функциональное назначение в системе высшей власти.
  2.  Федеральное Собрание России и его палаты: срок полномочий, структура, гарантии профессиональной деятельности.
  3.  Полномочия ГД по Конституции и Регламенту ГД РФ.
  4.   Прекращение полномочий Государственной Думы РФ: виды и основания.
  5.  Полномочия Совета Федерации по Конституции и Регламенту СФ РФ.
  6.  Законодательный процесс: понятие, стадии.
  7.  Внесение законопроектов в Государственную Думу ФС РФ (законодательная инициатива) и их предварительное рассмотрение по Регламенту ГД РФ. Рассмотрение законопроектов и принятие законов Государственной Думой РФ.
  8.  Рассмотрение Советом Федерации законов, принятых Государственной Думой по Регламенту СФ.
  9.  Подписание и обнародование законов Президентом РФ. Возвращение и отклонение законов Президентом.
  10.  Статус парламентария. Парламентский иммунитет: понятие, содержание и пределы по ФЗ «О статусе депутата Совета Федерации и статусе депутата Государственной Думы Федерального собрания РФ».

«Федеральная исполнительная власть»

  1.  Правительство РФ: порядок формирования, структура и порядок деятельности по Конституции и ФКЗ «О Правительстве РФ».
  2.  Компетенция Правительства РФ. Прекращение деятельности Правительства РФ по Конституции и ФКЗ «О Правительстве РФ».
  3.  Федеральные органы исполнительной власти: виды, порядок формирования, правовые основы деятельности. Единая система исполнительной власти в РФ: содержание и правовое закрепление.

«Организация государственной власти в субъектах РФ»

  1.  Организация государственной власти в республиках, краях, областях федерального значения по ФЗ «Об общих принципах организации законодательных (представительных) и исполнительных органов государственной власти субъектов РФ»

«Конституционные основы судебной власти  в РФ»

  1.  Конституционные основы судебной власти. Судебная система РФ по ФКЗ «О судебной системе РФ»

«Конституционные основы местного самоуправления в РФ»

  1.  Конституционные основы местного самоуправления в РФ по Конституции и ФЗ «Об общих принципах организации местного самоуправления».

Перечень практических заданий

Задача 1. Дайте понятие и приведите примеры конституционно-правовой санкции.

Задача 2. Совпадают ли даты принятия и вступления в силу Конституции России?

Задача 3. Поясните, что означает категория «народ» по смыслу ст. 3 Конституции РФ 1993 г..

Задача 4. Конституция РФ говорит об осуществлении государственной власти на основе ее разделения на законодательную, исполнительную и судебную (ст. 10). К какой из этих ветвей власти относится Президент, Прокуратура, Счетная палата, Центризбирком?

Задача 5. Конституция РФ говорит об осуществлении государственной власти на основе ее разделения на законодательную, исполнительную и судебную (ст. 10). К какой из этих ветвей власти относится Банк России, Счетная палата, Центризбирком, Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания РФ?

Задача 6. Нет ли в Конституции РФ противоречия между принципами разделения властей (ст. 10) и единства государственной власти (ч. 3 ст. 5)? Что означают данные принципы при их системном истолковании?

Задача 7. Какие термины использует Конституция для обозначения субъектов основных прав, свобод и обязанностей?

Задача 8. В семье граждан РФ гражданство РФ прекращается  у отца. Повлечет ли данное обстоятельство прекращение гражданства других членов семьи?

Задача 9. Муж и жена – граждане РФ. Когда они находились в командировке в США, у них родился сын. Является ли сын гражданином РФ?

Задача 10. Укажите, какие права, свободы и обязанности, закрепленные в главе 2 Конституции РФ, распространяются на иностранцев и лиц без гражданства.

Задача 11. Существуют ли ограничения в праве граждан на информацию и в чем они выражаются?

Задача 12. Дайте развернутую характеристику Свердловской области как субъекта Российской Федерации.

Задача 13. Часть 1 ст. 129 Конституции РФ определяет Прокуратуру РФ как единую централизованную систему. Каково правовое содержание данного определения? Какова организационная структура Прокуратуры РФ?

Задача 14. Глава г. Шкуркино Московской области ввел на территории данного муниципального образования чрезвычайное положение в связи с экологической катастрофой, произошедшей на нефтеперерабатывающем заводе. Вправе ли глава муниципального образования вводить чрезвычайное положение в данном случае?

Задача 15. В Уставе Свердловской области сказано, что Свердловская область может иметь свой флаг, герб и гимн. Нет ли в данном случае нарушений федерального законодательства? Вправе ли субъекты РФ устанавливать собственную государственную символику наряду с общефедеральной?

Задача 16. Родственники тяжело больного пациента, находящегося в коме, обратились к главному врачу больницы с просьбой об эвтаназии. К заявлению прилагалось заключение консилиума ведущих специалистов медицины о безнадежном положении здоровья пациента. Главный врач в просьбе отказал. Правомерен ли отказ?

Задача 17. Является ли мэр города Екатеринбурга, Администрация города Екатеринбурга и городская дума органами государственной власти? Аргументируйте свой ответ.

Задача 18. Конституция РФ устанавливает, что Федеральное Собрание – Парламент РФ является законодательным и представительным органом. Чьи интересы представляют палаты Федерального Собрания с учетом разных способов их формирования?

Задача 19. В каких случаях Президент может распустить Государственную Думу? Вправе ли он распустить Государственную Думу после трехкратного отклонения ею кандидатуры Председателя Правительства РФ, если до начала третьего рассмотрения кандидатуры Госдума выдвинет обвинение против Президента с целью отрешения его от должности?

Задача 20. Имеет ли право Президент РФ своими актами вносить поправки и отменять конституции (уставы) субъектов РФ?




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