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Практичне заняття 3
Тема: Послуги працівників готелю.
Guest Service
Hotels offer a variety of services to their guests. The most traditional are laundry service (clothes washing) and valet service (shoe shining and clothes dry-cleaning and pressing), although some hotels run them on the do-it-yourself basis. A big hotel will also have a restaurant, a bar and a coffee shop, a bookstore or a newsstand, a gift shop selling a variety of souvenirs, and a drugstore providing the guests with medicine and cosmetics. At a luxury hotel one can often find a barber's shop and a beauty salon. The guests might also need the services of a car rental agency, to be able to rent a car through the hotel. Many hotels provide a free morning paper and free drinks ("cocktails") in the afternoon.
Local phone calls are usually free, long distance calls are added to the room bills, and are 2 to 3 times more expensive than from a pay-phone down in the lobby. You can also order various services from the front desk by dialing "0".
A number of hotel staff relies on tips to raise their wages. The bellman expects up to $1 per bag for taking your baggage to your room. The hotel doorman gets at least 50 cents if he summons a taxi (and of course your taxi driver should be given 15 per cent of fare!). Chambermaids usually receive a few dollars if you stay at a hotel for several days, or else you may leave a dollar note under an ash-tray as you leave the room every morning. In restaurants and nightclubs you are expected to tip 15 to 20 per cent of the bill (before taxes are added). No tipping is required for elevator operators or hotel desk clerks.
Tipping allows you to reward good service. On the other hand, if the service has been bad n у tip need be left. It is a good idea to consider all these expenses when you are anticipating the cost of your stay at a hotel.
Answer the following questions to the text
Find equivalents in the text
Прання та прасування одягу, газетний кіоск, аптека, агентство з прокату автомобілів, міжміський дзвінок, телефон-автомат, набирати номер, чайові, викликати таксі.
Граматичний матеріал: Perfect-Continuous
Ex 1. EXAMPLES:
1. Actions that started in the past and continue in the present.
a. We have been waiting for you all day.
b. She is tired. She has been working all day.
c. They have been studying since 5 o’clock.
2. Actions that have just finished, but we are interested in the results:
a. It's been raining and my hair is still wet.
b. I’ve been reading all afternoon. I’ve just finished the book.
c. Who's been sleeping in my bed?
Ex 2. Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect progressive).
He (work) in this company since 1985.
I (wait) for you since two o'clock.
Mary (live) in Germany since 1992.
Why is he so tired? He (play) tennis for five hours.
How long (learn / you) English?
We (look for) the motorway for more than an hour.
I (live) without electricity for two weeks.
The film (run / not) for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial break already.
How long (work / she) in the garden?
She (not / be) in the garden for more than an hour.
Ex 3. Fill the gaps with the verb in brackets using the past continuous or the past perfect continuous.
1 When I asked Carlos if he wanted to go out, he said he couldn't because he _____________________________________ an assignment. ( finish )
2 Scarlett came into the room panting. She _____________________________________ round the park. ( jog )
3 Scarlett wasn't in. She _____________________________________ around the park. ( jog )
4 I _____________________________________ a bath when I suddenly had a great idea. ( have )
Робота над текстом за профілем спрямування: ESTER
It has already been explained, that an ester is the product formed by the reversible reaction between an acid and an alcohol. If an acid and an alcohol are mixed a condition of equilibrium will eventually be setup when the rates of the direct reaction (esterification) and reverse reaction (hydrolysis) are equal. It follows from the law of mass action that an increase in the molecular concentration of anyone of the, re-acting substances will displace the equilibrium in the opposite direction. Any excess of water will diminish the proportion of ester present at equilibrium. Consequently, in the preparation of esters, it is necessary as a rule to use the anhydrous acid and alcohol in order to obtain good yields, and the reaction is usually carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst (concentrated sulphuric acid or dry hydrogen chloride).
An ester may be almost completely hydrolyzed if it is heat-ed with water, provided that a large enough proportion of water is used. The hydrolysis is usually slow, but is catalyzed by acids. It becomes complete if a dilute solution of an alkali is used instead of water, for the acid produced by hydrolysis is neutralized by the alkali as fast as it is formed, and so can take no further part in the reaction. Most esters of organic acids are pleasant — smelling, volatile liquids and many of them are used in perfumery and in the production of artificial flavouring agents.
Ethyl acatale is a typical example of an ester of an organic acid. It is formed when acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride acts on ethyl alcohol. Ethyl acetate is prepared by the interaction of alcohol and glacial acid in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid.
Ethyl acetate is a colorless, mobile liquid, with a pleasant fruity odour. Its weight per ml is 0.9 and it boils at 77. It is soluble in water and is miscible with alcohol, ether and chloroform, forming neutral solutions. When ethyl acetate is boiled with water under reflux condensation, it slowly undergoes hydrolysis.
Answer the question:
1) What can you say about ester and its main features?
Література:
1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповненею – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.
2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с