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варианта. Глагол во Future Simple используется- для предсказаний относительно будущего обычно с глаголами think.html

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Future Forms

Мы можем выразить будущее действие при помощи глагола в Future Simple/выражения be going to, а также при помощи глаголов, стоящих в Present Continuous, Present Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect, (Future Perfect Continuous).

Часто возникает вопрос – использовать для выражения будущего действия глагол во Future Simple или выражение be going to? Сравним эти два варианта.

Глагол во Future Simple используется:

- для предсказаний относительно будущего, обычно с глаголами think, believe, expect и т.д. с выражениями be sure, be afraid и т.д., а также с наречиями perhaps, certainly, probably и т.д.

His parents think he will become an artist one day.

- для решений, принятых внезапно, в момент речи.

Since it’s your birthday, I’ll pay for lunch.

- для действий, событий, ситуаций, которые точно произойдут в будущем, и воздействовать (или изменить) которые мы не можем.

Kate will be two years old next month.

- для обещаний (обычно с глаголами promise, swear, guarantee etc.), для угроз, предостережений, просьб или надежд (обычно с I hope).

I hope pollution levels will drop soon (hope).

Factories must stop polluting the air or else we won’t be able to breathe (warning).

 Выражение Be going to используется:

- для планов или намерений, которые мы имеем на будущее.

I’m going to expand my company. I’m going to employ more staff. (намерение/план)

- для предсказаний относительно действия, которое произойдет в ближайшем будущем, если в данный момент есть очевидные предпосылки для его совершения.

Look at him! He’s gong to win the race! (есть тому предпосылки – он бежит впереди всех участников гонки).

ВНИМАНИЕ:

Мы используем will, когда делаем предсказание, основанное на том, что мы думаем, считаем или представляем себе.

In the year of 2050 there will be colonies on Mars.

Мы используем be going to, когда делаем предсказание, основанное на том, что мы видим или знаем.

Look! The acrobat is going to walk along the tightrope.

Глагол во future simple и выражение be going to используются со следующими выражениями:

tomorrow, the day after tomorrow,

next week/month/year, tonight, soon,

in a week/month/year, etc.

**********************************************************

Future simple не используется в придаточных предложениях времени и условия. Это предложения, вводимые союзами when, while, before, until, as soon as, after, by the time, as or if. Вместо future simple используется глагол в present simple или present perfect. В главном предложении используется future simple.

I’ll wait until you finish/have finished.

Что касается слова when, то если оно используется как вопросительное слово в значении «в котором часу», за ним может следовать глагол во future simple. Если when выступает в роли союза, вводящего придаточное предложение дополнительное, за ним может использоваться глагол во future simple. Например,

When will I know the results? (здесь when – вопросительное слово).

I can’t tell you when it will be ready. (здесь when – вопросительное слово, в так наз. косвенном/встроенном вопросе, который с точки зрения грамматики можно также рассматривать как придаточное предложение дополнительное).

НО: He’ll call us when he gets there. (здесь when - союз, вводящий придаточное предложение времени, отвечающее на вопрос «когда?»).

******************************************************

Present Continuous для выражения будущего действия.

Глагол в Present Continuous используется для выражения заранее составленных планов на ближайшее будущее.

He is leaving for Amsterdam in an hour. (Все было подготовлено для путешествия, сейчас он в аэропорту).

Present Simple для выражения будущего действия.

Глагол в Present Simple используется для описания будущего действия, когда речь идет о программе (концерта, показа кинофильмов) или расписании (занятий, движения транспорта).

The film starts in ten minutes. (cinema programme)

***********************************************************

Future Continuous для выражения будущего действия.

Образование: I/he/they will (‘ll) be working.

Will I/he/they be working? Yes, I/he/they will./ No, I/he/they won’t.

I/he/they will not (won’t) be working.

Использование.

1) для действия, которое будет выполняться на протяжении какого-то времени в определенный момент в будущем.

This time next week, I’ll be skiing in Austria.

2) для действия, которое обязательно произойдет в будущем, как результат какого-то плана или договоренности.

- Shall I inform the rest of the team?

- No, I’ll do it. I’ll be seeing them at the meeting anyway.

3) когда мы хотим вежливо спросить о чьих-то планах на ближайшее будущее (чтобы узнать, вписываются ли наши собственные планы в планы этого человека).

 - Will you be going out later?

- Yes, why?

- Could you get me a sandwich, please?

        *********************************************************

Future Perfect и Future Perfect Continuous для выражения будущего действия.

Future Perfect

Образование:

He/She/They will (‘ll) have left.

Will he/she/they have left? Yes, he/she/they will.

No, he/she/they won’t.

He/She/They will not (won’t) have left.

Использование.

1) для действия, которое произойдет (и завершится) раньше, чем другое действие в будущем или к определенному моменту в будущем.

They will have finished their meeting by the time you come.

They will have finished their meeting by four o’clock this afternoon.

Имеем два действия в будущем. Сначала они завершат встречу, а потом ты придешь (или наступят четыре часа).

Future Perfect Continuous

Образование:

I/You/We will (‘ll) have been working.

Will I/you/we have been working? Yes, I/we will.

No, I/we won’t.

I/You/We will not (won’t) have been working.

Использование.

1) как и Future Perfect, Future Perfect Continuous выражает действие, которое произойдет раньше, чем другое действие в будущем или к определенному моменту в будущем, однако, акцент делается на ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ этого действия.

By the time Rick retires, he will have been working for the same company for thirty years.

The future perfect continuous is used with: by …… for.

ВНИМАНИЕ: После выражений by the time, until, before мы используем глагол в Present Simple. потому что они вводят придаточные предложения времени. Главное предложение с глаголом в Future Perfect или Future Perfect Continuous может идти раньше или следом за придаточным времени.

Например,

  1.  I will have tidied up by the time you get back.
  2.  By the time she finishes work, we will have been waiting for more than an hour.


Practice

Exercise 1. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of will or be going to and the verb in brackets.

  1.  A: Why are you buying flour and eggs?

    B: Because I’m going to make a cake.

  1.  A: I have decided what to buy Mum for her birthday.

    B: Really. What ………………………….. (you/buy) for her?

  1.  A: Did you ask Jackie to the party?

    B: Oh no! I forgot! I …………………………………… (ask) her tonight.

  1.  A: Could I speak to Jim, please?

B: Wait a minute. I ……………………….    (get) him for you.

  1.  A: What are your plans for the weekend?

B: I ………………………….. (spend) some time with my friends.

  1.  A: What are you doing on Friday night?

B: Oh, I …………………………… (probably/stay) at home with my family.

  1.  A: Have you tidied your room yet?

    B: No, but I promise I …………………. (do) it this afternoon.

  1.  A: Look at that boy!

         B: Oh yes! He ……………………… (climb) the tree.

  1.  A: Tim is very clever for his age.

         B: Yes. He says he ………………… (become) a doctor when he grows up.

  1.  A: I’m too tired to cut the grass.

    B: Don’t worry! I …………………… (cut) it for you.

  1.  A: Have you seen Lucy recently?

B: No, but I ………………………… (meet) her for lunch later today.

  1.  A: Have you done the shopping yet?

         B: No, but I ………………… (probably/do) it tomorrow, after work.

Exercise 2. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of will or be going to and the verb in brackets.

  1.  ‘We’ve run out of sugar.”

‘Oh, have we? I ………………. (go) and get some.

  1.  I’m afraid I can’t come to dinner on Saturday – I …………………. (meet) Tim.
  2.  It’s raining – we …………………(have to) take an umbrella.
  3.  My cousins …………………. (come) to stay with us at the weekend.
  4.  Look at that car! It’s ………………………. (hit) that tree!
  5.  I promise I …………………….. (not do) that again.
  6.  Did you hear that the company …………………. (open) a new factory?
  7.  You look tired. Sit down and I ……………… (make) you a cup of tea.
  8.  ‘I think there’s someone at the door.’

     ‘OK, I …………….. (go) and answer it.

  1.  I’m sorry you are leaving. I hope you ……………. (come back) and see us soon.
  2.  ……………………….(you/stay) at home this weekend?
  3.  Kate’s really unhappy at work so she ……………………. (look for) a new job soon.
  4.  I know you’ve got so much to do so I …………………. (try) and help you as much as I can.
  5.  What ……………………….. (you/do) when you’ve spent all your money?
  6.  Look at the sky. It ……………….. (be) a lovely day today.

 

Exercise 3. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the future simple.

  1.  A: I’m going to the gym tonight.

    B: Well, while you ………… (be) there, I will do the shopping.

  1.  A: ………………….. (you/call) me when you ………………. (get) home?

    B: Yes, of course.

  1.  A: As soon as John …………….. (come) in, tell him to come to my office.

    B: Certainly, sir.

  1.  A: Are you going to visit Aunt Mabel this afternoon?

    B: Yes, I ……. (visit) her before I …………. (do) the shopping.

  1.  A: Is George going to have dinner with us?

    B: No, by the time he ………. (get) home it ……… (be) very late.

  1.  A: When ….. ….. (you/pay) the rent?

    B: When I …………. (get) my pay cheque.

  1.  A: What are your plans for the future?

         B: I want to go to university after I …………. (finish) school.

  1.  A: If you ………. (pay) for dinner, I ……. (pay) for the theatre.

    B: Okay, that’s a good idea.

  1.  Before you …… (leave), don’t forget to shut the windows.
  2.  When you …… (see) Brian again, you won’t recognize him.
  3.  We …………… (not/start) dinner until Jack ……………. (arrive).
  4.  Please, don’t touch anything before the police …………..(come).
  5.  As soon as I …………. (get up) in the morning, I …….(buy) the newspaper to look at the employment ads.
  6.  Before I ………….. (go) on an interview, I ……………(improve) my computer skills.
  7.  I don’t know when she …………….. (come back).

Exercise 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple, the present simple or the present continuous.

  1.  A: I …am seeing… Roger (see) at seven o’clock tonight.

    B: Really? I thought he was out of town.

  1.  A: ……………………… (you/do) anything on Friday morning?

    B: No, I’m free.

  1.  A: I ………………. (go) to the cinema. There’s a new film on. Do you want to come with me?

    B: What time ………………….. (the film/start)?

  1.  A: Helen ………………… (have) a party the day after tomorrow. ……………. (you/go)?

    B: As a matter of fact, I haven’t been invited.

  1.  A: The new exhibition ……………………. (open) on April 3rd and …………. (finish) on May 31st.

    B: I know. I …………….. (go) on the first day.

  1.  A: Aunt Maggie ………….. (come) to visit us tomorrow.

    B: I know. What time …………………….. (she/arrive)?

  1.  A: Excuse me, what time ……………………… (the train/leave)?

    B: At half past three, madam.

  1.  A: Jim Lucky ……………… (give) a concert at the Olympic Stadium next week.

    B: I know. I ………………. (want) to get a ticket.

  1.  A: I’m really thirsty.

    B: I …………. ……….. (get) you a glass of water.

  1.  A: Are you looking forward to your party?

    B: Yes. I hope everyone ……………………. (enjoy) it.

  1.  A: How old is your sister?

    B: She …………………. (be) twelve next month.

  1.  A: What are you doing tonight?

         B: I …………………. (probably/watch) TV after dinner.

  1.  A: How do you feel about your exams?

    B: I’m afraid I ……………….. (not/pass) them.

  1.  A: What would you like to drink?

    B: I …………. (have) a lemonade, please.

  1.  Mr. Cliff Turner is a businessman. His schedule is very tough. He ………… (fly) to Montreal on Wednesday. And on Thursday he ……………… (give) an interview to The Financial Times.

Exercise 5. Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple or the future continuous.

  1.  - Shall we go to the beach tomorrow?

- Well, I’m working in the morning, but I ………… (phone) you when I finish.

         - Shall I ask Ben and Linda to come with us?

- Yes. I …………. (see) Linda at work in the morning, so I ………… (ask) her then.

- If they want to come, I ………….. (pick) you up from work and we can all go together.

- Great! Just think, we …… (swim) in the sea this time tomorrow. I can’t wait!

    2. Tomorrow afternoon I’m going to play tennis from 3:00 to 4:30. So at 4:00 tomorrow I ……………………………. (play) tennis.

    3. Jim is doing to study from 7:00 until 10:00 this evening. So at 8:30 this evening he ………………………………….. (study).

    4. We are going to clean the apartment tomorrow. It will take from 9 until 11 o’clock. So at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning we ……………………………. (clean) the apartment.

    5. You want your friend to give Jean a message this afternoon.

YOU: …………you ……………………… (see) Jean this afternoon?

    6. You want to use your friend’s computer tomorrow evening.

YOU: …………you …………………(use) your computer tomorrow evening?   

    7. Your friend is going shopping. You want him/her to buy some stamps for you at the post office.

YOU: ………...you ……………(pass) the post office while you’re downtown?

    8. I …………… (not be able) to lend you the car – I …………. (use) it all night).

    9. Next year they ………….. (live) in Spain.

   10. This time next week we ……………. (sit) on the beach.

   11. When they come round for dinner tomorrow evening, I ………………. (show) them the photographs.

   12. We ……………….. (not hear) from him for some time – he …………… (be) in Panama.

   13. I …………. (see) them tomorrow – I ……. (tell) them what you said.

   14. ………………………… (you work) all tomorrow evening?

   15. She ……… (visit) our office next week – I ………… (ask) her then.

Exercise 6. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect or the future perfect continuous.

  1.  By 3 o’clock, she will have been studying (study) for six hours.
  2.  By the end of next month, Sam ……………………. (finish) the project.
  3.  He …………………………. (not/start) painting the kitchen before Tuesday.
  4.  By the time she arrives in Paris, she …………………. (travel) for four hours.
  5.  I hope I ……………….. (buy) my own house by the time I’m thirty-five.
  6.  By Saturday, Lisa ………………………… (diet) for two weeks.
  7.  Hopefully they …………………………………. (learn) everything by the time they sit the exam.
  8.  By four o’clock, I ……………….. (sit) in the hairdresser’s for three hours.
  9.  By Christmas, I …………………. (work) for this company for eighteen months.
  10.  By next weekend, Brian …………………….. (move) house.
  11.  Hopefully, the builders ……………………...(finish) building the house by next month.
  12.  By Tuesday, Alan ……………………. (sail) for twelve days.
  13.  By tomorrow morning, she ……………… (sleep) for twelve hours.

Exercise 7. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect or the future continuous.

  1.  I can’t come shopping on Saturday morning because I ………………… (work).
  2.  Don’t phone me later than midnight because I ………………… (sleep) then.
  3.   – Come to my house at six o’clock.
    •  ...……………………. (you/finish) tour homework by then?
  4.  Have you made the preparations for the party?

Not yet, but I ……………… (finish) them by this evening.

  1.  ………………….. (you/go) to James’ party on Saturday night?
  2.  There’s a meeting tomorrow at 4 o’clock.

I can’t go if it is that late. I ………………. (leave) by then.

Exercise 8. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future tense.

  1.  My grandmother is very old. She will be (be) ninety next month.
  2.  I’m afraid I ……………. (fail) my exams this year.
  3.  This time next week, they ……………. (lie) on a sandy beach.
  4.  The team …………. (leave) the office by 9 o’clock tomorrow.
  5.  By 10 o’clock Sue ………………… (drive) for twelve hours.
  6.  Jenny ………… (see) Paul at work, so she can give him the letter.
  7.  The film ……………. (start) by the time they get to the cinema.
  8.  Tom expects he ………………. (get) a pay rise soon.
  9.  By six o’clock the secretary ………………….. (type) for three hours.
  10.  I hope I ………………….. (buy) my own car by the time I’m thirty.
  11.  By next week, they ……………. (live) in this town for two years.
  12.  I ……………… (help) you carry your shopping.
  13.  Martin …………………(do) the work by Sunday evening.
  14.  Mother ……………………(go) to the supermarket tonight. She has already made her shopping list.
  15.  The play ………………… (start) at six o’clock.

Exercise 9. Underline the correct tense.

  1.  When we go to Paris, we will climb/will have climbed the Eiffel Tower.
  2.  Lames will have completed/will have been completing his studies by the end of the year.
  3.  By the time I get home, I will have been walking/ will walk for three hours.
  4.  Kim will be performing/will have been performing in the school concert next week.
  5.  We’re too late to catch the bus. It will go/will have gone by now.
  6.  ‘We’ve run out of milk.’ ‘Really? I will buy/will have been buying some more this afternoon.’
  7.  This time tomorrow, I will have been leaving/will be leaving for the airport.
  8.  Sam will work/will have been working here for two years on Monday.
  9.  I will collect/will have collected you from Peter’s house on my way home.
  10.  Julia will have found/will be finding the note I left for her by now.

 

Exercise 10. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future tense.

  1.  Laura and George are going (go) on holiday next week. They’ve already bought the tickets.
  2.  Wash your hands. Dinner …………………….(be) ready in five minutes.
  3.  The baby keeps closing his eyes. He ………………….. (fall) asleep soon.
  4.  We………………. (not/go) to Penny’s party tonight because Jack is working.
  5.  We’re very late. Mum ……………….(return) home by now.
  6.  The football match ………….. (begin) in a few minutes. We’d better hurry up.
  7.  Jane will have to get up early when she……………… (start) her new job.
  8.  I ……………. (meet) Nick at the airport at six o’clock this evening.

Exercise 11. Correct the mistakes.

  1.  This time tomorrow, John is lying on the beach.
  2.  Peter will help you when he will have finished his dinner.
  3.  Shall you do the shopping for me, please?
  4.  Sarah will finish decorating the Christmas tree by midnight.
  5.  Where do you spend your holidays this summer?
  6.  I was turning on the heating. It’s cold in here.
  7.  The film has started at half past six.
  8.  Stop that noise or I’m going to take your toy away.
  9.  Moira can type these reports as soon as she will come back from her lunch break.
  10.  Perhaps the Jacksons have visited us tonight.
  11.  By the end of the year, Mrs. Evans will be teaching for thirty years.
  12.  Jennifer will move to her new flat on Saturday. She has already arranged it.

Exercise 12. Answer the following questions about yourself.

  1.  What are you doing at the weekend?
  2.  How long will you have been studying English by the end of this term?
  3.  How much money will you have saved by the summer?
  4.  What will you be doing this time next week?
  5.  What do you think life will be like in the future?
  6.  Where are you going next summer?
  7.  What will you have done by the end of today?
  8.  How many meals will you have eaten by the end of today?

Exercise 13. Translate into English.

  1.  Я думаю, что в твоем диктанте не будет много ошибок.
  2.  Занятия закончатся к 2-м часам?
  3.  Когда мы придем домой, она будет готовить ужин уже 2 часа.
  4.  Как только мой ноутбук будет исправлен, я установлю новое антивирусное ПО.
  5.  Сколько времени у тебя уйдет на дорогу?
  6.  Я уверен, что успешно сдам экзамен.
  7.  Я вернусь домой к пяти.
  8.  Вы скоро забудете об этих неприятностях.
  9.  Завтра в это время я буду писать курсовой по компьютерной графике.
  10.  Мы уже уйдем к тому времени, когда ты позвонишь.
  11.  Будьте осторожны, когда будете пользоваться этими приборами.
  12.  В следующем семестре у нас будут занятия по английскому два раза в неделю.
  13.  Завтра в 3 часа он будет слушать свою любимую поп-музыку.
  14.  Вы закончите работу к пяти часам, не так ли?
  15.   Что ты собираешься делать, когда потратишь все эти деньги?

 





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