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The USA
The United States of America is situated in the central part of the North American continent and is washed by three oceans: the Pacific, the Atlantic and the Arctic. The area of the USA is over nine million square kilometres. The most northern part of the USA is Alaska, the largest state, separated from the rest of the country by Canada.
The USA borders only two countries — Canada and Mexico.
This great country has a lot of mountains, rivers and lakes. The main mountains are the Appalachians and the Cordilleras. For example, the highest peaks of the Cordillera in the USA are 6,193 and 4,418 metres. The longest rivers are the Mississippi and the Missouri, but there are many other great rivers in the USA: the Colorado in the south and the Columbia in the north-west. There are five Great Lakes between the USA and Canada.
The climate of the country is varied. In the southern part it is subtropical while the northern part has very cold weather in winter. The Pacific coast is a region of mild winters and warm, dry summers, but the eastern continental region is watered with rainfall. The region around the Great Lakes has changeable weather.
The USA is a federal republic and has fifty states and one federal District of Columbia where the capital of the country is situated. Each of these states has its own government. Congress is the American Parliament which consists of two Chambers. The president is the head of the state and the government. He is elected for four years.
The 50 stars on the flag of the USA represent the 50 states of the United States of America and the 13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that declared independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain and became the first states in the Union. Nicknames for the flag include the "Stars and Stripes", "Old Glory".
More than 250 million people live in the United States. The official language of the country is English. The United States is a young country. Its written history is only a few hundred years old. It is sometimes called the “New World”. Over the last 400 years millions of people have come to start a new life in this “New World”. The capital of the USA is Washington. It stands on the river Potomac in the eastern part of the country. It was named in honor of the first President, George Washington.
The main cities are located on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. New York is the largest city of the country (the city of contrasts, financial and business centre of the USA). Other large cities are San-Francisco, Los-Angeles, Phoenix, Dallas, Boston (there are many colleges and universities in it), Chicago (one of the biggest industrial cities in the USA), Philadelphia and Detroit (one of the biggest centres of the automobile industry).
The USA has an Academy of Sciences. There are many scientific institutions, museums, libraries, theatres and other interesting places in the country.
The USA is a country of highly developed industry and agriculture. The USA produces more than 52 per cent of the world's corn, wheat, cotton tobacco. The main industrial centers are Chicago and Detroit, with their greatest automobile company “General Motors”. There are many farms with various agricultural products. Grain, fruit and vegetables are grown on numerous fields, especially in the South.
The USA is rich in mineral resources, such as aluminium, salt, zinc, coppers, and others. The country is rich in coal, natural gas, gold and silver, too. It holds one of the first places in the world for the production of coal, iron, oil, natural gas.
The USA is a country with great holidays, customs and traditions. It is one of the most beautiful and interesting countries in the world. The people of the United States are a mixture of many different nationalities. These different people brought to their new land a wonderful mixture of customs and traditions. The German brought Christmas trees. The Irish brought St. Patrick’s Day celebrations. The Scots brought Halloween.
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