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Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«Российский государственный профессионально-педагогический университет»
Институт лингвистики
Кафедра иностранных языков
Задания и методические указания
для выполнения контрольных работ по дисциплине
« Иностранный язык (английский)»
Для студентов заочной формы обучения
всех специальностей
(ФГОС 2005)
Екатеринбург 2011
Задания и методические указания для выполнения контрольных работ по дисциплине «Английский язык» для студентов заочной формы обучения всех специальностей. Екатеринбург, ФГАОУ ВПО «Рос. гос. проф.-пед. университет», 2010. 16 с.
Одобрено на заседании кафедры иностранных языков.
Протокол №6 от 18 января 2011
Зав. кафедрой ИЯ И.Д. Белеева
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©Российский государственный профессионально-педагогический университет, 2011 |
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Введение ……………………………………………………………………. 4
Методические рекомендации по выполнению контрольных работ ……. 4
Список рекомендуемой литературы ……………………………………… 6
Оформление контрольных работ …………………………………………. 6
Контрольная работа №1 ……………………………………………………. 8
Вариант 1 ……………………………………………………………. 9
Вариант 2 ……………………………………………………………. 11
Вариант 3 …………………………………………………………….. 13
Вариант 4 …………………………………………………………….. 15
Вариант 5 …………………………………………………………….. 17
Контрольная работа №2 …………………………………………………… 19
Вариант 1 …………………………………………………………….. 19
Вариант 2 ……………………………………………………………. 21
Вариант 3 ……………………………………………………………. 23
Вариант 4 ……………………………………………………………. 25
Вариант 5 …………………………………………………………….. 26
Контрольная работа №3 ……………………………………………………. 28
Вариант 1 …………………………………………………………….. 29
Вариант 2 …………………………………………………………….. 31
Вариант 3 …………………………………………………………….. 32
Вариант 4 …………………………………………………………….. 34
Вариант 5 ………………………………………………………………36
Контрольная работа №4 ………………………………………………….. 37
Вариант 1 …………………………………………………………….. 38
Вариант 2 ……………………………………………………………. 39
Вариант 3 …………………………………………………………… 41
Вариант 4 ……………………………………………………………. 42
Вариант 5 …………………………………………………………… 43
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Практическое владение иностранными языками приобретает все большее значение для всех специалистов нашей страны. Повышение качества перевода зарубежной информации играет большую роль в развитии научно-технического прогресса и укреплении международного сотрудничества в различных областях науки, культуры и техники.
Основной целью при заочной форме обучения в неязыковых вузах является практическое владение иностранными языками. Это означает умение самостоятельно читать и переводить со словарем литературу по специальности для извлечения полезной информации.
Для развития навыков чтения решающими факторами являются: а) накопление словарного запаса; б) овладение грамматическими формами и оборотами, необходимыми для понимания текста и перевода его с английского языка на русский.
Требования к зачетам и экзаменам. Зачеты и экзамены проводятся в соответствии с учебным планом университета.
К зачету необходимо выполнить контрольные задания (один вариант) и перевести самостоятельно 5 тысяч печатных знаков текста на иностранном языке.
Экзамен состоит из: 1) письменного перевода текста по специальности со словарем объемом 1200 – 1500 печатных знаков (время на выполнение – 30-40 минут); 2) просмотрового чтения – краткого изложения содержания текста на русском языке объемом 1500 печатных знаков за 15 минут.
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ПО ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ КОНТРОЛЬНЫХ РАБОТ
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольное задание №1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованным учебникам:
1. Имя существительное. Множественное число. Артикли и предлоги как показатели имени существительного. Выражение падежных отношений в английском языке с помощью предлогов и окончания ‘s. Существительное в функции определения и его перевод на русский язык.
2. Имя прилагательное. Степени сравнения имен прилагательных. Конструкции типа the more ... the less, much more interesting .
3. Числительные.
4. Местоимения: личные, притяжательные, вопросительные, указательные, неопределенные и отрицательные.
5. Форма настоящего (Present), прошедшего (Past) и будущего (Future) времен группы Simple действительного залога изъявительного наклонения. Спряжение глаголов to be, to have в Present, Past и Future Simple. Повелительное наклонение и его отрицательная форма.
6. Простое распространенное предложение: прямой порядок слов повествовательного и побудительного предложений в утвердительной и отрицательной формах; обратный порядок слов вопросительного предложения. Оборот there is (are).
Чтобы правильно выполнить контрольное задание №2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованным учебникам:
1. Видо-временные формы глагола: а) активный залог – формы Simple, Progressive и Perfect в Present, Past и Future; б) пассивный залог – формы Simple (Present, Past, Future). Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.
2. Модальные глаголы: а) модальные глаголы, выражающие возможность: can (could), may и эквивалент глагола can – to be able to; эквивалент глагола may – to be allowed to;
b) модальный глагол must, выражающий долженствование и его эквиваленты: to have to и to be to.
3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Present Participle) и Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства.
4. Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения (союзные); придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.
Чтобы правильно выполнить контрольное задание №3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованным учебникам:
1. Грамматические функции и значения слов it, that, one.
2. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice) видо-временных форм (Simple, Progressive, Perfect).
3. Функции глаголов to be, to have, to do.
4. Простые неличные формы глагола: инфинитив в функции подлежащего, составной части сказуемого, определения, дополнения и обстоятельства цели. Герундий. Отличия герундия от причастия .
5. Выражение приказания и просьбы с помощью глагола to let.
6. Бессоюзное подчинение в определительных и дополнительных придаточных предложениях.
Чтобы правильно выполнить контрольное задание № 4, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:
1. Обороты, равнозначные придаточным предложениям: объектный инфинитивный оборот, субъектный инфинитивный оборот, независимый причастный оборот.
2. Сложные формы инфинитива и причастия (см. грамматические комментарии к контрольному заданию №3).
3. Условные предложения трех типов.
Перед выполнением контрольных работ необходимо изучить следующую литературу:
Основная литература
1. Федорова Л.М., Никитаев С.Н. Деловой английский: 30 уроков для студентов-юристов. М.: Гардарики, 2002.
2. Полякова Т.Ю., Синявская Е.В., Тынкова О.И. Английский язык для инженеров. М.: Высшая школа, 2005.
3. Шпетный К.И., Калмыкова Е.И., Захарова М.А. Английский для экономистов. М.: ГИС, 2006.
4. Полякова Т.Ю. Английский для диалога с компьютером. М.: Высшая школа, 2006.
Дополнительная литература
1. Орловская И.В., Самсонова А.С. Учебник английского языка для студентов технических университетов и вузов. М.: Изд-во МГТУ им. Н.Э. Бау-
мана, 2000.
2. Коваленко П.И. Английский для психологов. Ростов-н/Д: Феникс, 2000.
3.Шевелева С.А. Английский для гуманитариев. М.: Юнити, 2000.
ОФОРМЛЕНИЕ КОНТРОЛЬНЫХ РАБОТ
2-й, 3-й, 4-й или 5-й вариант.
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Левая страница |
Правая страница |
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Поля |
Английский текст |
Русский текст |
Поля |
Если Вы выполняете контрольную работу на компьютере, то используйте следующий образец:
|
Поля |
Английский текст |
Русский текст |
Поля |
Исправление работы на основе рецензий
Письменные консультации
Следует сообщить своему рецензенту о всех затруднениях, возникающих у вас при самостоятельном изучении английского языка, а именно: А) какие предложения в тексте, упражнения вызывают затруднения при переводе; Б) какой раздел грамматики вам непонятен; В) какие правила, пояснения, формулировки неясны. При этом укажите название учебника или учебного пособия, по которому Вы занимаетесь, издательство, год издания, страницу учебника, номер упражнения.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №1
Образец выполнения 1 (к упражнению 1)
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1. My brother’s friend often comes to our place. 2. These students are from our University. |
1. Друг моего брата часто приходит к нам. Brother’s- форма притяжательного падежа имени существительного в единственном числе. Comes- 3-е лицо единственного числа от глагола to come в Present Simple. 2. Эти студенты - из нашего университета. Students - множественное число от имени существительного a student – студент. |
Образец выполнения 2 (к упражнению 2)
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I saw him at the bus stop. |
Я видел его на автобусной остановке. |
Образец выполнения 3 (к упражнению 3)
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She is as fat as her sister. These flowers are more beautiful than those ones. |
Она такая же толстая, как ее сестра. Эти цветы красивее, чем те. |
Образец выполнения 4 (к упражнению 4)
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There isn’t any butter in the fridge. He bought some juice. There are no good book shops in our district. |
В холодильнике нет масла. Он купил сок. В нашем районе нет хороших книжных магазинов. |
Образец выполнения 5 (к упражнению 5)
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They live in a small village near Liverpool. She will use her father’s computer.
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Они живут в маленькой деревне около Ливерпуля. live- Present Simple от глагола to live. Она воспользуется компьютером ее отца. will use- Future Simple от глагола to use. |
ВАРИАНТ 1
I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. The teacher points at the blackboard when he wants to explain something.
2. Computers and lasers are being widely introduced at plants and factories.
3. Great changes in people’s lives and work were brought about by the scientific and technological progress.
4. The electronic industry produces several types of minicomputers.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. This instrument is a key tool of the atomic age and is used for studying radioactivity.
2. Bad weather conditions make pilots switch over to automatic control.
3. Joint efforts of people throughout the world make it possible to achieve some progress in environment protection.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. The Americans say that in the USA the buildings are taller, the cigars are longer, the cars are bigger and the girls are prettier than anywhere in the world.
2. If you make half-hour breaks while getting ready for your exams your brain will work much more efficiently.
3. The sooner you take your medicine the better you will feel.
4. This room is not so comfortable as that one on the first floor.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений.
1. We didn’t have any time to discuss his new invention.
2. There is future for microelectronics in automobiles.
3. You should take any bus that goes from here towards the railway station and get off at the third stop.
4. Some students have come, the rest are still taking their exams.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. It was difficult to translate the text without a dictionary.
2. They had no lectures last week.
3. During the course of study our students will carry out their practical work in well-equipped laboratories.
4. At higher schools specialization generally begins in the third year.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The United States of America, commonly called the United States or simply America, is a federal republic comprising 50 states and the District of Columbia. The total area is 9.4 mln. sq. km. The United States today hold the leading position in the capitalist world. The USA is situated in the southern part of North America and is washed by the Atlantic ocean in the east and the Pacific ocean in the west. The Atlantic Ocean is of great importance to the USA for its sea communications with Europe, Africa and South America. The largest ports are on the Atlantic Coast.
The Americans are really a nation of nations, and the USA is the country where all principal languages are spoken. The United States of America is a federation of states which was established by the Constitution in 1787. Each state has its own government and its own capital city. The Federal Government is divided into three branches: legislative, executive and judicial, and these three branches are represented respectively by Congress, the President and the Supreme Court. In other words, all legislative powers are vested in a Congress of the United States, which consists of a Senate and House of Representatives. The executive power is vested in a President, who holds office for 4 years.
The USA has large reserves of all the more widely used minerals except tin. The country produces enough of some minerals to meet all its own needs and to ship to other counties as well. The American West occupies 40 per cent of US territory and has 17 per cent of the population, produces 14 per cent of crude oil, and 10 per cent of natural gas. It ranks first in the production of uranium, nickel, copper and molybdenum ores. Half of working population of the USA is employed in the sphere of industry and half in services. Dining halls, cafeterias, restaurants and other units offer daily 160 mln dishes or 20 per cent of all the food produced in the USA. Agriculture is one of the most important fields of economy tightly bound with industry, trade and the services within the framework of the agro-industrial complex.
At present the Union comprises 50 states administratively united by the Federal Government in Washington. Its only industry is a government. As the nation’s capital and a seat of the Federal Government, it is the heart of the country.
ВАРИАНТ 2
I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s-, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно :
а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. He spends all his money on books.
2. Our lecturer’s book on strength of materials is well-known and popular.
3. The important feature of our education is that it combines theory with practical training.
4. Before Faraday’s inventions the only source of electricity was the galvanic battery.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. This research instrument is used for accelerating particles.
2. The space flight of Gagarin caused a sensation throughout the world.
3. A Japanese company is planning to install several more electronic devices on the car instrument panel.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. You should practice more often if you want to improve your language.
2. This exercise is easier than the next one.
3. The most environmentally-friendly way of solving traffic problems is to use more widely public transportation.
4. The more attention you pay to your children’s education, the better results they achieve.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений.
1. There are no students in the library.
2. Some institutes of technology are reorganized into universities.
3. Do you need any books to prepare for your report?
4. People no longer think of radio and television as something fantastic.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Tomorrow our teacher will give us a new task.
2. The generation of electric power increases every year.
3. Students watched the process with great attention.
4. As you know higher education in this country is accessible and free of charge.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
SCOTLAND
Today Scotland is part of the United Kingdom and is governed from London. There is a special minister in the Government, the Secretary of State for Scotland, who is responsible for education, local government and other important matters in Scotland. Although the legal education and banking systems are slightly different from those in England, life is very similar to the rest of the United Kingdom.
Comprising an area of some 30 000 square miles Scotland has a population of just over five million people of whom about one third live in the cities of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Dundee. All the inhabitants speak English although about 100 000 still speak Scottish Gaelic. Many of the Scottish accents are very strong and visitors from abroad sometimes have difficulties in understanding them.
Scotland is a very mountainous country; three-fourth of its area is occupied by mountains with a great amount of moorland, in which few people live. Scotland is famous for its beautiful lakes with mountains round them.
Scottish steel has long been used chiefly by the heavy industries of Glasgow area, where shipbuilding has been paramount.
People who live in Scotland are Scots. They are also called Scottish or Scotsmen. Scotsmen will be rather annoyed if you call them Englishmen. Every Scotsman belongs to a clan. A clan is a family group: all the people of the same family belong to the same clan. There are about 300 different clans in Scotland. A Scotsman’s traditional clothes are socks, shoes, a kilt, a tie, a jacket and a bonnet. Some people in the north of Scotland wear a kilt every day. But in other parts of the country most Scottish people wear just the same clothes as the English. Scottish people like to dance very much. Glasgow has more dancing schools than any other European city.
The Scottish people have a reputation according to which they are the stingiest people in on earth. This is not true, of course, as anyone who visited Scotland will tell you. The Scottish people are very clever and simple, and they also have a natural sense of humor.
ВАРИАНТ 3
I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно :
а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. Electricity provides mankind with the energy of the future.
2. The aim of today’s foreign policy is that peace in the world should be permanent.
3. This poet’s parents died when he was only four years old.
4. He will ring me up as soon as he buys books for me.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. Nowadays the principle of radio operation seems quite simple.
2. Scientists believe new laser devices will be widely used in medicine.
3. The information system coordinates a distribution network.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. That painting is less impressive than the one in your living room.
2. It is true that the most skyscrapers are taller than buildings in the UK, but the British think their stately homes are older and more beautiful than anything in the USA.
3. Einstein is one of the most intelligent scientists who ever lived.
4. The more automobiles appear in the streets, the worse the air in the cities is.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений.
1. Some specialists expect that a photon can greatly increase the operation of a computer.
2. Any museum in London is of great interest to us.
3. Tsarist Russia didn’t give any money for Tsiolkovsky’s research.
4. No student of this group was in Great Britain.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The Library of Congress serves not only members of the Congress, but researchers and scientists who use it.
2. We translated many texts, but there is one more text to translate.
3. The dean will send the students to a big plant in summer.
4. Were you at the theater yesterday?
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
GREAT BRITAIN
The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The total area is about 121 600 square miles. The largest islands are Great Britain proper (England, Scotland and Wales) and Ireland (Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic). Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel which in its narrowest part is only 33 km wide. Britain has a generally mild and temperate climate. All over the world Britain was notorious for its fogs. The smoke-fogs of the big towns usually in winter time, were exceedingly unpleasant, unhealthy and dangerous to movement, but now the situation is much better.
The United Kingdom is a monarchy. The Monarchy is the most ancient secular institution in the United Kingdom. Queen Elisabeth II is a descendant of the Saxon king, Egbert. She acts only on the advice of her ministers. She reigns, but she does not rule. The Crown is the second biggest landowner in Britain. The Queen is the third richest woman in the world. Parliament is the supreme legislative authority in the United Kingdom. It consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. They are constituted on different principles, do different work in different places and meet only on occasions of symbolic significance such as the coronation and the opening of Parliament.
English people tend to be rather conservative - a little more so, perhaps, than most others. The conservative attitude consists of an acceptance of things which are familiar, and an important aspect of it is an inclination to be suspicious of anything that is strange or foreign. Conservatism on a national scale may be illustrated by reference to the public attitude to the monarchy. Apart from conservatism on a grand scale England is full of small-scale conservatisms: methods of cooking, the business of heating houses in which most English people remain strongly attached to the open fire.
England is highly industrialized and was the country in which the earliest developments of modern industry took place. Many of the great inventions which were the foundation of modern industrial processes are made by Englishmen or Scotsmen. The original basis of British industry was coal mining. Nearly all English people live in towns, big or small.
ВАРИАНТ 4
I. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s-, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. It became clear that television had a great influence on people’s life.
2. She promises to give me this novel for a couple of days as soon as she reads it.
3. Mathematics, strength of materials, mechanics, elements of machines as well as engineering physics are studied at technological institutes.
4. Usually a lab assistant shows the equipment to the students.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. We know he works at the problem of space communication.
2. If you make even a smallest mistake in computer language the talk breaks down and you must go to the beginning.
3. The Reading Room of the Library of Congress houses a great collection of reference books.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. Buses require fewer parking lots, make less noise and use less road space per passenger than private cars.
2. The more effective is the technology, the quicker is the development of this country.
3. If you want to find your way around the city more easily you should buy the map of it.
4. She is not as easy to get on with as her sister.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений.
1. This is an article that deals with some environmental problems.
2. Are there any pictures in your book?
3. There are no people in the park because it is cold.
4. By means of satellites we can communicate with any country of the world.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The use of the new equipment made it possible to minimize the number of workers.
2. Computers control nearly everything we do in the modern life.
3. We used dictionaries when we wrote a test last Monday.
4. I shall never forget this romantic story.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
WALES
Wales is a country of hills and mountains, the highest of which are in Snowdonia in the northwest; the tallest peak is Snowdon. Two-thirds of the population lives in the southern valleys and the lower-lying coastal areas. The chief urban centers are Cardiff, Swansea, Newport and Wrexham. Wales is a principality; prince Charles, the heir to the throne, was invested by the Queen with the title of Prince of Wales at Caernarfon Castle in 1969.
Latest figures suggest that about one-fifth of the population speaks Welsh, a language of Celtic origin. Welsh speakers are concentrated in the rural north and west. The Welsh name of the country is Cymru. Welsh has equal validity with English in law courts, bilingual education in schools is encouraged, and there has been an extended use of Welsh for official purposes and broadcasting.
The country returns 38 Members of Parliament and there are special arrangements for the discussion on Welsh affairs. For the last 60 years the industrial communities have tended to support the Labour Party in elections, ensuring a Labour majority of seats. The Secretary of State for Wales, who is the member of the Cabinet, has wide-ranging responsibilities relating to the economy, education, welfare services and the provision of amenities. The Headquarters of the administration is the Welsh Office in Cardiff, which also has an office in London. Local government is exercised through a system of elected authorities similar to that in England, and the legal system is identical to the English one.
Wales produces about 10 per cent of British opencast coal production, including all of its anthracite. Although Wales still accounts for 31 per cent of British steel production, it is now an important center for electronics, and several new high-technology businesses in related industries have been established. Although south Wales remains the principal industrial area, new industries and firms have been introduced in northeast Wales and light industry attracted to the towns in mid and north Wales rural areas.
ВАРИАНТ 5
I. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного или
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. The lands of this farm are not far from Moscow.
2. This plane lands here every Monday.
3. He wrote an article about this engineer’s invention.
4. Their Institute houses both physical and chemistry laboratories.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. This engineer is one of the best oil experts in oil industry.
2. From the very beginning many students start independent work in students’ scientific societies.
3. A lot of foreign visitors came to Moscow to see the Victory Day Celebrations.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. Read this text as quickly as possible.
2. The more you work, the better you know English.
3. Modern houses are much more comfortable than the old ones.
4. They discussed one of the most important problems of cybernetics.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений.
1. Are there any students in the reading-room?
2. There are not any plants in our town.
3. There is no bread on the plate.
4. There are some courses for beginners at the University.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. It does not take me long to wash and dress in the morning.
2. They will soon graduate from the University.
3. These students had no lectures last week.
4. It was cold when we returned home last night.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
Canada is a good example of the way peoples of different ways of life and different languages can live side-by-side under one government. The Canadian government is more British in style than American, except that it is a federal government.
Parliament is divided into two parts, the Senate and the House of Commons. Voters in each province (Canada is divided into 10 provinces and 2 territories) choose candidates from different political parties. The party that wins the most seats in the House of Commons chooses the Prime Minister, who heads Canada’s government. Senators are not elected, they are appointed by the Prime Minister.
Canada now belongs to the Commonwealth of Nations (nations which once belonged to the British Empire). Queen Elizabeth II is still the Queen of Canada. But ties with Great Britain are not so strong as they were.
Canada is unique in the Americas because it gained its Independence without fight. They celebrate it on July the 1st with fireworks and picnics. But most of Canadians do not mind that there are still some ties to the British Queen. Many like to continue old customs and still give honor to the Queen of England.
More than half of all people in Canada live in Southern Quebec and Ontario. Quebec is Canada’s oldest province and it’s largest. This province was settled by the French, and the people still follow French customs. The heart of French Quebec is its capital, Quebec city. In many ways the lower part of the city, with its narrow streets, old churches, and little houses built close together in long rows, resembles the cities of France.
Quebec is the largest province in size. Ontario is the largest in population. Some call it nation’s heartland, as it is Canada’s demographic and economic center and is a major force in national politics. It is Canada’s most industrialized province, producing half of the nation’s manufactured goods.
Ottawa, the capital of Canada, is the political and administrative center of the nation. Most national cultural institutions, including museums, archives, the National Gallery, and the National Art Center are in the city
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2
Образец выполнения 1 (к упражнению 1)
|
He was not asked at the lesson. He was writing a composition the whole evening yesterday. |
Его не спрашивали на уроке. was asked – Past Simple Passive Он писал сочинение вчера весь вечер. was writing – Past Progressive Active |
Образец выполнения 2 (к упражнению 2)
|
The trees growing there are not old. He is often taken to the theatre. |
Деревья, растущие там, не старые. growing- Participle I, определение Его часто берут в театр. taken- Participle II, составная часть видо-временной формы Present Simple Passive от глагола to take. |
Образец выполнения 3 ( к упражнению 3)
|
He will have to apologize. John was to meet his friend. Students are allowed to use dictionaries. |
Ему придется извиниться. Джон должен был встретить своего друга. Студентам разрешают пользоваться словарями. |
ВАРИАНТ 1
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (В) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
А) 1. If Martin does not win, it will be the end of his sport career.
2. He liked music, but the piece she was playing had no melody for him.
3. It is the development of robots that will solve some very difficult problems of industry.
4. While Jack was sitting biting his nails, we were working out a plan to cover up our traces.
B) 1. Thousands of messages from all parts of the body are sent to and from the brain.
2. Some students will be permitted to take exams in December.
3. He was not expected to say that.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I, Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Students interested in computer engineering enter technological institutes.
2. She didn’t pay any attention to the ringing telephone.
3. Deeply shocked I left him.
4. An article discussing the new system of school education appeared in all newspapers.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. As telegraph wires couldn’t be hung over the ocean, cables had to be laid on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean.
2. Judges must be free of any political bias.
3. The development of new materials doesn’t mean that old materials should lose their significance.
4. They were allowed to continue their research.
5. Cactus plants needn’t much water. That’s why they can grow in the dry desert.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
INTRODUCING LONDON
London is an ancient city. It grew up around the first point where the Roman invaders found the Thames narrow enough to build a bridge. They found a small Celtic settlement there and by A.D. 300 they had turned it into a sizable port and an important trading center with a wall which enclosed the homes of about 50 000 people.
Some 9 million people now live in London and its suburbs, and the city covers an area of 620 square miles, making it one of the largest of the world’s capitals. One reason for its size is that the English people like to live in small houses and have small gardens. As a result, less than 5 000 people live in the City of London, while more than half a million come here to work in the daytime. Today London is the capital of Great Britain and is also the seat of the Royal Family, the Parliament, the major administrative bodies and scientific institutions.
The Houses of Parliament stand on the bank of the river Thames at Westminster Abbey. Actually it is one building but it is called “Houses” as it consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. It was set up in the 13th century. At one end of the Houses of Parliament there is a tower with a large clock. The largest bell, known as Big Ben, chimes in the hour.
Westminster Abbey was a monastery built in the 8th century. It is one of the best examples of the Early English architecture. The kings and queens of England are buried there. Many great statesmen, writers and poets are also buried there.
In the center of London there is one of the most beautiful squares- Trafalgar Square which was named so to commemorate Nelson’s victory in the battle of Trafalgar. There is a monument in the center known as Nelson’s Column.
In the vicinity of Trafalgar Square is Whitehall which is now a street of government offices. Not far from Whitehall is Downing Street. Number 10 Downing Street is the residence of the Prime Minister of England. The Cabinet meets there. One must mention the British Museum. It is one of the most extensive and valuable museums in West Europe. It was founded in 1753. It also comprises the National Library. There are other numerous museums and galleries displaying interesting finds from all parts of the world and from all stages in the development of nature, man and art. There are also two large opera houses, the National Theatre and 50 other theatres. Monuments of past greatness are everywhere in London. .
ВАРИАНТ 2
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (В) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
A) 1. The brain controls your body and keeps all parts of your body working together.
2. When I awoke this morning it was so late that the sun was shining high in the sky.
3. And now the trade of this town is developing with extreme rapidity and the ambition of the inhabitants is growing along with it.
4. She will have dinner here if she comes tomorrow.
B) 1. When centers receive messages, the brain interprets them.
2. Considerable damage was caused by the fire.
3. A new highway is being built between Germany and the Netherlands.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I, Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. My room is in a mess: I really must get it tidied up.
2. Scientists are experimenting with a system allowing drivers to see better after dark.
3. When answering your question yesterday I forgot this fact.
4. The attention paid to the study of fundamental subjects is great.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. We must protect the clean water that remains for the sake of our children and grandchildren.
2. Fire may be started by rubbing together two sticks of wood.
3. If you are traveling by air, you mustn’t carry anything in your luggage that could be used as a weapon, such as a knife or a pair of scissors.
4. Jack has already cleaned his bicycle so he won’t have to do it tomorrow.
5. Before Newton no one could explain why the planets moved around the Sun.
6. An optional disk can store about 1 000 times more information than a plastic disk of the same size.
NEW YORK
New York has always been the gateway to the USA. But it is more than just a door; it is also a window through which the life of the whole nation may be observed. New York is a city of striking social contrasts.
New York includes five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Richmond.
Manhattan is the smallest in size and it is not the largest in population although the majority spends a considerable part of the day in this center of business life. Here are Broadway, Wall Street and the Stock Exchange. This is the heart and source of American policy.
Harlem is also in Manhattan. Thick walls separate this “Black Bottom” with 450 000 coloured people from the white population.
In the bay stands the bronze Statue of Liberty given to the United States by France as a present in 1886. A new American Museum is opened at the base of the Statue.
The Bronx is a more residential rather than industrial part of the city. The well known Zoo and Botanic Gardens are in the Bronx.
Queens is both a residential and industrial area. New York’s two biggest airports are both there.
The Brooklyn Navy Yard is the largest naval shipbuilding center in the world. Brooklyn has more people than any other part of the city- about 3.000.000. It is mostly a district of middle-class people. Richmond is the borough of piers and warehouses. Its population is only 200.000.
What makes New York? First of all, it is a great seaport, the greatest in the USA. It is also a great financial center, where “money-making” is the main law of life. New York is the leading textile center of the country and its clothes industry. It has a considerable printing industry and many bookshops. There are a lot of Art Galleries, among them rich Henry Frick collections, and many impressive art museums. For a long time New York specialized in giving visitors a good time at its restaurants, nightclubs, sporting arenas, and therefore has a large hotel industry. It is the main publishing, advertising and radio center with Columbia and New York universities and various city colleges.
Among the inhabitants of New York one can meet people of almost all nations. The population of New York numbers about 16 million. The citizens speak seventy-five different languages.
ВАРИАНТ 3
А)1. In our climate the vine doesn’t grow out-of-doors, as it does in countries with a hotter summer, and hothouse grapes is very expensive.
2. I noticed a number of improvements done in this town since I last was there.
3. The students were having an interesting discussion when the teacher came in.
4. If I see the manager tomorrow, I shall remind him of that important point.
B)1. Many new and very interesting projects were planned for orbital stations.
2. The new exhibition of this artist is being visited actively.
3. This program will be broadcasted again tomorrow night.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или составной частью глагола - сказуемого; предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. The man delivering this lecture is our professor on mathematics.
2. A line seen through this crystal looks double.
3. He saw some people in the post-office sending telegrams.
4. Driving a car a man tries to keep steady speed and watch the car in front of him.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. If you borrow money from the bank you must pay interest.
2. It is quite clear to everybody in his family that he should start getting ready for his examinations.
3. He will have to work systematically if he wants to know French well.
4. Not long ago chemists developed new materials that could withstand high temperatures.
5. Children were allowed to go to the cinema alone.
6. You must have a dictionary when you translate such difficult articles.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
BIRMINGHAM
In the heart of England, about 112 miles northwest of London, is Birmingham, a city with over a million inhabitants. The district around Birmingham is known as the Black Country. It is a land of factories and mines. Motorcars, railway carriages, rails, guns, bicycles are among the articles manufactured in the factories of the Black Country.
Long famous as an international business center, Birmingham has developed into a modern and exciting city. Birmingham is at the heart of Britain’s motorway system. The superbly designed inner ring road is easily identified by its red surface and gives easy access to the city center. Massive post-war development schemes have meant exciting new buildings. But the best of the old have been preserved. Birmingham’s ultra-modern library is one of the largest and best stocked in Europe and includes Shakespeare Memorial library with 40,000 books in 90 languages. The city possesses several interesting churches and two cathedrals.
Shopping facilities in Birmingham are a magnet for thousands. The multilevel Bull Ring Shopping Center is completely traffic free and linked by subways with the major shopping streets of the city. It includes most kinds of retail shops, open-air and covered markets, banks, restaurants and offices.
Birmingham has more canals than Venice. Some canals basins have been developed as recreational centers, with walks, pubs, restored buildings and boat trips.
The city has excellent facilities for all kinds of sport. It boasts twenty swimming pools and eight municipal golf courses as well as many private clubs.
Buying and selling has been an important part of life in Birmingham for more than eight hundred years. Each Tuesday, Friday and Saturday, the colourful rag market can be found. People used to buy and sell old clothes (rags) but now there is a wide selection of modern fashions for everybody.
ВАРИАНТ 4
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол - сказуемое и определите его видо - временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (B) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
А)1. We thought that you were going to show your project to the teacher.
2. We shall discuss the results when we finish our experiments.
3. She had left before the letter arrived.
4. The children were playing in the garden while we were watching TV.
B) 1. The conference we are planning to hold next month will be attended by many foreign scientists.
2. What questions were you asked?
3. The letter is not ready yet. It is still being translated into English.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или составной частью глагола - сказуемого; предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. Introducing new words the teacher explains their meanings.
2. The two rivers were connected with each other by means of a canal.
3. Organic chemistry is the science dealing with carbon compounds.
4. The students examined last week got good marks.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. They had to stay at home because it was raining.
2. If we are allowed we shall take some exams in advance.
3. The experiments are to clarify this point of view.
4. He must ring you up.
5. I won’t be able to help you.
6. You can get all the necessary books in the library.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
ST. PETERSBURG
St. Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia and one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great as the “ Window on the West”. Thousands of workmen were brought from all parts of Russia to build a new city on the swampy land at the mouth of the Neva River. Peter the Great was in a hurry. The work was fast and hard, and workmen dropped dead by the hundreds. But the work went on.
In 1712 St. Petersburg, a city of great beauty, with palaces, cathedrals, churches, government buildings became the capital. Under later rulers the new capital of the Russian Empire grew rapidly in wealth and beauty. Architects were brought from western Europe to lay out the city in harmonious squares. Buildings were constructed of grey and rose-coloured granite. The Hermitage Palace and the Winter Palace, the homes of the tsars were equal to any in Europe.
When the First World War began in 1914, the German-sounding name, St. Petersburg, was changed to Petrograd. After the October revolution the city was renamed after Lenin.
During the Great Patriotic War the city suffered a great deal. The German armies laid siege to it in 1941, and for the next year and a half it was cut off from the rest of the country. No food could be brought in, and people died of starvation. Daily shelling and air raids destroyed parts of the city. Thousands of people were killed. Rebuilding took years.
Now St. Petersburg is an important industrial, cultural and educational center. The population of the city is over five million.
St. Petersburg is indeed a wonderful city: at every turn there is something to catch your eye. The Winter Palace, the Hermitage, the Russian museum, St. Isaac’s Cathedral, the Peter -and- Paul Fortress, the Admiralty building attract thousands of tourists from every corner of the world.
Petersburg’s many museums house some of the world’s most famous art collections. The Hermitage, for example, contains the richest collection of pictures in the world.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол - сказуемое и определите его видо - временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (B) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
А) 1. What magazine were you looking through when I came in?
2. She said she had graduated from the University a few years ago.
3. He gave the right answer to the question and received an excellent mark.
4. The curricular of correspondence, evening and full - time higher schools do not differ essentially in the subjects taught, but they differ in the system in which the studies are organized.
B) 1. The goods have been examined by the customs officers.
2. The steamer will be unloaded when the agent arrives at the port.
3. They are paid twice a month.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или составной частью глагола - сказуемого; предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. At our University there are several subjects studied optionally.
2. Students taking exams next week should come to the dean’s office.
3. Listening to the lecture students usually make notes.
4. While crossing the bridge, we saw him talking with an old man.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Can you translate this agreement into French?
2. They will be able to create the necessary conditions for the development of their enterprise.
3. He asked me whether he might take my dictionary.
4. She will be allowed to tell you about it herself.
5. He had to ring you up.
6. The old methods of teaching English are to be renewed.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык.
Washington is the capital of the United States of America. It is situated in the district of Columbia and is like no other city of the USA. It’s the world’s largest one-industry city. And that industry is the government. The White House, where the US President lives and works, the Capitol, the home of the US Congress, and the Supreme Court, are all in Washington.
Washington was named after the first US President George Washington. He selected the place for the capital and Pierre L’Enfant, a French engineer, designed the city.
Washington was first settled in 1790 and since 1800 it has been the federal capital.
Washington is one of the most beautiful and unusual cities in the world. In the very center of it the huge dome of the Capitol - a big white dome standing on a circle of pillars rises. The 535 members of the Congress meet here to discuss the nation’s affairs. It’s easy to get lost in this huge building, full of paintings and statues.
The library of Congress, the largest library in the States is not far from the Capitol. It contains more than 19 million books, more than 19 million manuscripts, including the personal papers of the US presidents.
The White House is the official residence of the US President. He works in the Oval Office.
One can hardly find a park, a square or an open area in Washington without a monument or a memorial. The most impressive and best-known ones are the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument. There are some important museums in Washington where you can see all kinds of things: famous paintings and sculptures, the original of the Declaration of Independence, the largest blue diamond in the world, etc.
There are five universities in Washington. There are no skyscrapers in the city, because they would hide the many monuments from view. No building in the city may be more than 40 meters high.
Thousands of tourists visit Washington every day.
КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №3
Образец выполнения 1 (к упражнению 1)
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The main problem has already been solved. He had come home yesterday by four o’clock. |
Основная проблема уже решена. has been solved – Present Perfect Passive Вчера он пришел домой к 6 часам. had come – Past Perfect |
Образец выполнения 2 (к упражнению 2)
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It is useful to eat fish. My flat is smaller than that of your sister. One must know his rights. |
Рыбу есть полезно. Моя квартира меньше, чем у твоей сестры. Нужно знать свои права. |
Образец выполнения 3 (к упражнению 3)
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We are to attend lectures. He is doing his homework now. Mary has bought a car this week. |
Мы должны посещать лекции. Сейчас он делает свое домашнее задание. Мэри купила машину на этой неделе. |
Образец выполнения 4 (к упражнению 4)
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Who is the author of the book you are reading? The dress I want to buy is very expensive. |
Кто автор книги, которую ты читаешь? Платье, которое я хочу купить, очень дорогое. |
Образец выполнения 5 (к упражнению 5)
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Let’s go somewhere. Let him explain everything. |
Давайте сходим куда-нибудь. Пусть он все объяснит. |
Образец выполнения 6 (к упражнению 6)
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Here is a good house to live in. Not knowing grammar one cannot speak correctly. He stopped before a closed door. |
Вот дом, в котором хорошо жить. Не зная грамматики, нельзя говорить правильно. Он остановился перед закрытой дверью. |
ВАРИАНТ 1
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения.
1. They spent their vacation at the same village where they had lived many years ago.
2. Isn’t Professor Blake going to be invited to make a speech?
3. As French was constantly spoken around him, he soon became familiar enough with the language to understand a great deal of what was said.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
1. The authorities found it necessary to close all schools.
2. One must realize that the increasing number of cars brings about considerable pollution of the air.
3. That computers and industrial robots are important for industrial uses is well known to scientists and engineers.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.
1. The study of theory is accompanied by practical training.
2. I had to get up early yesterday.
3. The development of science is closely connected with the development of higher education.
4. She has just passed her History exam.
5. Our company is doing well now.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1. You can easily bring the people you need together electronically.
2. Have you still got the journal you showed me some days ago ?
V. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба или побуждение выражены с помощью глагола to let.
1. Let us know when they will go on a hike.
2. Let me do it myself.
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении.
1. The books written by Charles Dickens give us a realistic picture of the 19th century England.
2. Watching football matches may be exciting enough, but of course it is more exciting playing football.
3. I hate to bother you, but the students are still waiting to be given books for their works.
VII. Переведите на русский язык.
OXFORD UNIVERSITY
The University of Oxford may be said to date from 1214, when the first charter was granted by the Pope, but long before this date there had existed in the town a number of religious communities and these were the real beginning of the University.
First there were only about 60 chapels and a student was living and studying at one of these chapels learning theology, logic and rhetoric. Oxford University of today is a federation of 48 colleges, each largely independent.
The governing body of Oxford University is the congregation of 1500 men- the assembly of all the members of the colleges. The colleges admit students, organize programs, students’ work and residence, laboratories, libraries and term examinations and confers degrees. Forty colleges of 48 admit only men, two colleges are mixed and six colleges are only for women.
A person studying for a degree at a British University is called a graduate. B.A. or B.Sc. stands for Bachelor of Arts or of Science, the first degree given after a period of 3-4 years of specialized study at a University. M.A. or M. Sc. denotes Master of Arts, or of Science, a higher degree, usually conferred after a year’s post-graduate study.
Social changes have certainly transformed Oxford considerably. Some of the traditions have gone in the past. However in spite of all these changes Oxford has not lost its distinctive character.
ВАРИАНТ 2
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения.
1. He went somewhere after returning to America from Europe, and for years has not been heard of.
2. These goods are being exported to all European countries.
3. They have never closed the library at eight o’clock.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
1. The engineer was told that he might test the device in the afternoon.
2. It is evident that electricity will be the energy of the future.
3. One may get all the necessary books there and it is possible to keep them till the end of the academic year.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.
1. I am to leave for London soon.
2. We were taught to use the lab equipment.
3. He is good at mathematics and does it whenever he has a chance.
4. The car has brought mobility to millions of people, but at the same time polluted the atmosphere.
5. Next term I shall do research in the field of computer engineering.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1. They realized they might be close to the discovery of a new material.
2. I never regret the five years I spent on a farm.
V. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба или побуждение выражены с помощью глагола to let.
1. Let them look through these newspapers.
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении.
1. Clyde was awfully glad to have renewed his acquaintance with Sondra.
2. As we were given dictionaries, we managed to translate the article easily.
3. At last he broke the silence by inviting everybody to walk into the living room.
VII. Переведите на русский язык.
THE UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE (SCOTLAND)
Strathclyde is an exciting and stimulating environment in which to study. Founded in 1796 by John Anderson, Professor of Natural Philosophy at Glasgow University, it has quickly earned a reputation as a center of excellence in scientific and technological education. By 1993 Strathclyde was organized into 5 faculties: Arts and Social Studies, Business, Engineering, Science and Education.
The University main campus is only a stone’s throw from Glasgow’s civic center. It means that students can enjoy an unparalleled range of amenities right on their doorstep. The Faculty of Education, for instance, supports the academic and recreational needs of its students through the wide range of facilities which include a library, theatre, bank, two shops, refectory, swimming pools, gymnasia and sports grounds.
As for cultural activities, the University Theatre Group has presented everything from new interpretations of Shakespeare to the latest drama from the USA. The Drama Center’s professional staff and visiting specialists offer regular workshops in most areas of theatre practice, including acting, design, voice, mime and movement.
Strathclyde postgraduates can take advantage of careers services in the UK. A particular feature of the University is its strength in contract research. It is one of two Universities that have been most successful in working with industry in developing academic research into commercial applications. Once close working relationships of this sort have been formed, other areas of work, such as training studentships, staff secondments and visiting professorships follow.
Thus, you will find that Strathclyde has a reputation as Scotland’s most dynamic and innovative university.
ВАРИАНТ 3
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения.
1. We need more water for agriculture, yet we are now wasting hundreds of tons of water a day.
2. We shall send you the goods as soon as they are available.
3. The house was being built, when I learned at school.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
1. The important fact is that electricity offers improved service at reduced cost.
2. It is industrialization that is making ecological problems very serious.
3. One must study six years to become an engineer.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.
1. The work was done perfectly.
2. Measures are being taken to save Lake Baikal.
3. According to the weather forecast, it’ll be raining the whole day tomorrow.
4. They will have to repair their car.
5. Computers of different types and sizes have appeared in every country of the world.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1. Experience is the name everyone gives to their mistakes.
2. We shall spend our holidays in the same village we visited last year.
V. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба или побуждение выражены с помощью глагола to let.
1. Let us book the tickets beforehand.
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении.
1. After being corrected by the teacher, the students’ papers were returned to them.
2. The man standing at the door of the train carriage and saying goodbye to his friends is a well- known musician.
3. Very high temperatures often cause certain materials to break.
VII. Переведите на русский язык.
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY
Cambridge is one of the two main universities of England located at the Cam River. It was founded at the beginning of the 12th century. The University consists of 24 different colleges including 4 for women. Each college is self-governing. The head of the University is the chancellor who is elected for life.
Each student has a tutor who practically guides him through the whole course of studies. The teachers are commonly called “dons” and “tutors”. Part of the teaching is by means of lectures organized by the University. Besides lectures teaching is carried out by tutorial system for which the Cambridge University is famous all over the world. This is a system of individual tuition organized by the colleges.
Each student has a tutor who practically guides him through the whole course of studies. The tutor plans the student’s work and once a week a student goes to his tutor to discuss his work with him. The training course lasts 4 years. The academic year is divided into 3 terms. The students study natural and technical sciences, law, history, languages, geography and many other subjects.
After three years of study a student may proceed to a Bachelor’s degree, and later to the degrees of Master and Doctor. Students are required to wear gowns at lectures, in the University library, in the street in the evening, for dinners in the colleges and for official visits. All the students must pay for their education, examinations, books, laboratories, university hostel, the use of libraries, etc. Very few students get grants. The cost of education depends on the college and specialty.
A number of great men, well-known scientists and writers studied at Cambridge. Among them are: Erasmus, the great Dutch scholar, Bacon, the philosopher, Milton and Byron, the poets, Cromwell, the soldier, Newton and Darwin, the scientists.
ВАРИАНТ 4
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения.
1. Why is she being looked at now?
2. This building had been built by the end of the last century.
3. When the students complete their control work their mistakes will be corrected by the teacher.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
1. One must observe traffic regulations when crossing the street.
2. The efficiency of the new computer is much higher than that of the old one.
3. It was a very interesting article about the development of the national economy.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.
1. He had to read a lot of books to make his report.
2. Have you given them any work?
3. I had no time to go there.
4. The letter will be posted at once.
5. They were to have arrived at seven o’clock.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1. We thought you had accepted their invitation.
2. I learnt he had been rector of our University for about ten years.
3. He said he preferred to spend his days off at home.
V. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба или побуждение выражены с помощью глагола to let.
1. Let ‘s send her a letter from her brother.
2. Let her send a letter to her brother.
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении.
1. The results obtained showed that this scientist was right.
2. When showing him my poems I always want to know his opinion.
3. He found the problem too difficult to solve.
4. There is nothing to trouble about.
VII. Переведите на русский язык.
THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
The University of London was created to conduct the examination and to grant degrees upon the students from any institution situated anywhere in the British Empire.
Up until 1900 the University of London was only an examining and degree-awarding body, but in that year an Act of Parliament permitted to provide lecture rooms, museums, laboratories, work shops, etc. for both teaching and research. Today the University of London is a federation of colleges, each largely independent. There are four faculties of Theology, thirteen of Arts, thirty-one of Medicine, ten of Science, etc.
The University of London grants degrees to all who satisfy its examinations, with the exceptions of engineering and medical degrees (for which the study at an approved institution is required). The London external degree has been of great importance in the development of the university system.
Many of the new independent universities were at first university colleges (i.e. university institutions which could not award their own degrees) and for them the University of London became the degree-awarding body. The London external degree is very important to students in technical colleges and some teacher-training colleges, as well as for private students working on their own, away from educational centers.
The development of new qualifications (e.g. the new Diploma in Technology) and increasing enrollment in regular university courses have made the external degree less important.
ВАРИАНТ 5
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения.
1. I was recommended another doctor.
2. The dinner had been eaten before the conversation was finished.
3. They were being taught drawing at that lesson.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
1. This wireless set is better than that one.
2. One must always keep one’s word.
3. It is the industrial concentration that makes Sheffield unique.
III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.
1. I had a bad toothache, but just hadn’t enough courage to go to the dentist.
2. Do they have to hurry?
3. Who is to speak next?
4. That is a very difficult problem for us.
5. The new modern building of a picture gallery is to be set up in one of those industrial centers. It is being designed by a group of talented architects.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1. I know he will speak about our future work at the meeting.
2. They were sure this Research Institute had been founded several years ago.
V. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба ( побуждение ) выражена с помощью глагола to let.
1. Let him read the text.
2. Let the students correct their mistakes in their control works.
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении.
1. He insists on the problem being solved at once.
2. Making these experiments we can compare the weight of elements.
3. The material to be tested had interesting properties.
VII. Переведите на русский язык.
Founded in 1636, Harvard University is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the United States. From its classrooms have emerged six American presidents - from John Adams to John F. Kennedy - and an impressive group of statesmen, business leaders, and literary figures. Its campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts, just across the Charles River from Boston provides a rich architectural mix that includes the ivy-covered brick of Puritan New England and the concrete and glass of contemporary design.
Today, the university includes Harvard and Radcliff undergraduate colleges, 10 professional schools, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and an extension school. There are some 1,600 students from every state and 45 foreign countries in it; tuition is about $12,000 a year, and 70% of those attending receive financial aid.
The university library system is the largest in the world; it contains more than 10 million volumes and subscribes to 100,000 periodicals. There are three notable art Museums which house works from ancient Egyptian to contemporary American. There is also a botanical Museum, 40 acres of fields, an experimental forest located in New England, a center for a study of the Italian Renaissance in Italy, and a center for Byzantine studies in Washington, D. C.
КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №4
Образец выполнения 1 (к упражнению 1)
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We want this intensive course to be applied at the English lessons. This intensive course is reported to be applied at the English lessons. |
Мы хотим, чтобы этот интенсивный курс применялся на занятиях по английскому языку. Сообщают, что этот интенсивный курс применяется на занятиях по английскому языку. |
Образец выполнения 2 (к упражнению 2)
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The problem having been solved, the scientists began a new experiment. Having solved the problem, the scientists began a new experiment. |
После того, как проблема была решена, ученые начали новый эксперимент. Решив проблему, ученые начали новый эксперимент. |
Образец выполнения 3 (к упражнению 3)
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If you ring me up, I shall tell you something. If you rang me up, I should tell you something. If you had rang me up, I should have told you something. |
Если ты мне позвонишь, я тебе кое-что расскажу. Если бы ты мне позвонил (сегодня, завтра), я бы тебе кое-что рассказал. Если бы ты мне позвонил я бы тебе кое-что рассказал. |
ВАРИАНТ 1
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что субъектный и объектный инфинитивный обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения № 1).
1. He is believed to be of different opinion on this question.
2. Our teacher hates us to be late.
3. The members of the committee were expected to come to an agreement.
4. He ordered the documents to be checked carefully.
5. He ordered the secretary to check the documents carefully.
6. The river is believed to be suitable for navigation.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов.
1. At last the excitement died down, the captain having assured the passengers, that there was no longer the slightest danger.
2. Having introduced the new words, the teacher asked one of the students to read them.
3. The key having been lost, they could not enter the cottage.
III.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.
1. Should he fail his examination he will be allowed to try again in a month.
2. Had we come to the station a minute earlier we should not have missed the train.
3. You could stay in my place provided you promise to leave no mess.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык текст.
THE ATTACK ON BRITAIN’S ENVIRONMENT
Most of the western nations have the same basic environmental problems, but they take different forms in each country. Here you can read about some of the dangers facing Britain’s environments.
One of Britain’s environmental successes has been the control of air pollution, especially in London. Thirty years ago hundreds of people died every year from the dreadful London smogs. Since then London and many other cities have become smokeless zones, areas where no coal fires are allowed. But now the increase in traffic is threatening serious air pollution in our cities again.
However, the commonest air pollution comes from the cigarette smoke which pollutes many public places, like cinemas, pubs and restaurants. Though cigarette advertisements are not allowed on TV or radio, you can still see them on posters in cinemas and in newspapers and magazines. The advertisements don’t tell you that doctors believe cigarettes cause 30.000 deaths in Britain every year.
Traffic and aircraft can cause serious noise pollution. Air-crafts are very noisy when they take off and the noise spreads over a wide area. Heathrow airport, near London, is the busiest airport in the world. Planes are only allowed to take off and land at Heathrow between six in the morning and eleven at night, but during the day fifty planes take off and land there every hour.
ВАРИАНТ 2
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что субъектный и объектный инфинитивные обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения № 1).
1. This problem proved to be very difficult.
2. The meeting is unlikely to be postponed.
3. The buyers asked the sellers to reduce the price.
4. The representative of the firm asked the manager to send the documents by airmail.
5. We know them to be experienced enough to perform the work.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимых и независимых причастных оборотов.
1. The play being very popular, it was very difficult to get tickets.
2. Having been achieved the success did not prevent the poet from working hard and developing his talent.
3. There being no further business, the meeting adjourned.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.
1. If he runs all the way he will get there in time.
2. If anyone should ring up say that I’ll be back soon.
3. But for your help I should not have been able to finish my work by Saturday.
4. If you study hard, you will pass your exams well.
5. My report would be ready tomorrow provided I had all the necessary material.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык текст.
There has been bad pollution of Britain’s rivers, and the government has tried hard to stop it. There are now strict laws against water pollution, though it still quite often happens incidentally. Britain and France share the problem of oil pollution from the Channel. This has caused great damage to beaches and wildlife.
The need for new roads causes great environmental difficulties. They often spoil the countryside and bring noise and pollution to thousands of homes. Since 1958 the pollution of Britain has increased by 11% but the number of cars increased by 400%.
There are now only about thirty meters of road for each car in Britain, so we’ll have to build more expensive motorways which damage the environment.
Cars cause other problems too: thousands of people die in car accidents; car parks use valuable space in towns and cities; cars use a lot of our limited amount of oil. Unfortunately, it’s difficult to do anything about all this because cars play an important part in the lives of many families, and the car industry employs large numbers of people.
Friends of the Earth suggest that the bicycle is the best way to travel because it is cheap, quiet and riding keeps you healthy. However, there are far fewer cyclists in Britain than in some other European countries, so our roads are not built for cycling. It can be dangerous to cycle in large cities as British motorists don’t seem to notice cyclists. Some people think that only buses and bicycles should be allowed in our centers.
ВАРИАНТ 3
I. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что субъектный и объектный инфинитивные обороты переводятся на русский язык большей частью придаточными предложениями (см. образец выполнения 1).
1. We asked our partners to be informed of the arrival of the cargo.
2. He ordered the goods to be sold immediately.
3. Many buildings were reported to have been damaged by the fire.
4. The telegram was not likely to reach them in time.
5. The negotiations are said to have been completed already.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимых и независимых причастных оборотов.
1. Having taken the examinations, he went to his native town.
2. All the students having finished the translation in time, we could check it in class.
3. Having achieved the necessary results, we decided to describe them in our article.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.
1. If you annoy the cat she will scratch you.
2. But for the storm we should have arrived in time.
3. Unless it stops raining we shall not be able to go to the country.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.
MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE
Interrelations between man and biosphere are of a fairly complex nature. Man, like any other living organism, depends for his life on what the biosphere provides: water, oxygen, food and shelter. On the other hand, the biosphere is strongly effected by all sorts of human activity.
Technology powerfully amplifies the effects human beings on the atmosphere. Prehistoric man withdrew from the atmosphere only the oxygen he required for respiration; technological man consumes a far greater amount of oxygen to support fires, power plants and chemical processes. The carbon dioxide produced by technological processes in the biosphere substances wholly new to it; man-made radioisotopes and a wide variety of synthetic materials such as plastics, insecticides, herbicides and numerous industrial materials. These, too, also alter the biosphere.
The problem has already been discussed at a large number of conferences, some of them sponsored by the UN. However, relatively little has so far been done to check environmental pollution.
ВАРИАНТ 4
I. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что субъектный и объектный инфинитивные обороты переводятся на русский язык большей частью придаточными предложениями ( см. образец выполнения 1).
1. I never heard him speak French.
2. Approximately 500.000 steel workers were reported to have gone on strike in the United States on October 1.
3. The plan likely to be approved seems to provide for the immediate construction of a new power station.
4. The delegation is expected to arrive to-morrow.
5. She saw him come into the house and went downstairs to meet him.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов.
1. The letter having been delayed, the news reached us too late.
2. The negotiations between the American and British representatives were conducted behind closed doors, measures having been taken that no correspondent should receive any information.
3. Having been warned that the river was rising rapidly, they turned back.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.
1. If we had a car we would get there quite quickly.
2. If you started working right away you could finish by noon.
3. Had you invited him earlier he would have come to your birthday party.
IV. Перепишите и переведите текст на русский язык.
TWO COURSES OF ACTION
The problem of the environmental crisis has recently assumed global proportions. Both scientists and politicians agree that unless some radical steps are taken before long, life on our planet may be irrevocably damaged if not destroyed altogether. It seems therefore worthwhile to consider the fundamental conflict which underlies the surface manifestations of the present crisis. For there undoubtedly exists a conflict, an incompatibility between the tenets of an industrial society and those of ecology.
Industry is bound to expand continuously, all ecological systems tend toward stability and equilibrium. There seems to be at least two general courses of action which may be adopted in order that the environmental doom may be averted.
One would be to curb the dynamics of industrial development; the other - to turn technology to the construction of physiologically and socially healthy environment. The former possibility being highly unrealistic, the latter one seems to be the only path to follow.
I. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что субъектный и объектный инфинитивные обороты переводятся на русский язык большей частью придаточными предложениями (см. образец выполнения 1).
1. We don’t want him to be interrupted.
2. I have never seen him swim, but I have heard that he swims very well.
3. These agreement is likely to be concluded in near future.
4. He appears to be satisfied with the results of his work.
5. The documents are expected to be signed this week.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов.
1. Having returned from the expedition, he made a very interesting report.
2. The conversation was interesting, many designers taking part in it.
3. Having nеver done such kind of work, he did not know what to begin with.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.
1. If Tom were here I could ask him to help us.
2. If I were you I should plant potatoes here.
3. He would have drowned if he had fallen through the ice.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.
Scientists dealing with the problem of pollution consider it very important that it should be exactly assessed. A large number of fairly sophisticated pollution gauges have been devised to serve this purpose. In addition, it has recently been found out that there are a number of natural gauges whose performance by far exceeds anything that has so far been made by man. They are plants as lichens and bryophytes which are exceptionally sensitive to certain components of air pollution. Ideally such “indicators” species should be widespread, easy to recognize, and between them show a wide range of sensibility so that the rate of fall-off pollution could be easily assessed. The sensitivity of certain plants to pollution components may also be of value to individual persons contemplating the possibility of settling down in an area. It is known, for example, that lichens are exceptionally to sulphur dioxide content in the air. It follows that people suffering from a variety of respiratory diseases would do well to live in an area where lichens are abundant on the trees.
Библиографический список
Основная литература
1. Орловская И.В. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов. М.: Изд-во МГТУ им. Баумана, 2008.
2. Полякова Т.Ю., Синявская Е.В., Тынкова О.И. Английский для инженеров: учебник для вузов. М.: Высшая школа, 2007.
3. Любимцева С.Н. Английский язык для финансово-экономических специальностей вузов. Начальный курс. М.: Высшая школа, 2008.
Дополнительная литература
1. Жданова И.Ф. Новый англо-русский экономический словарь. Русский язык Медиа,2007.
2. Мюллер В.К. Англо-русский словарь. М.: ЭКСМО, 2007.
Задания и методические указания
для выполнения контрольных работ по дисциплине
« Иностранный язык (английский)»
Для студентов заочной формы обучения
всех специальностей
(ФГОС 2005)
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