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TEXT 4. A PHYSICIAN
Read, translate and learn the words:
injury, impairment, focus, patient, provision, competence, promote, maintain, restore, assume responsibility, require, underlie, variety, qualification, degree, consideration, compassion, benevolence, license, evaluate, condition, prescribe, minor, specialize, evaluation, checkup, advice, particular, emergency, burn, sprain, cut, case, ailment, specialization, thorough knowledge, medical care, specific fields, solve, skill, achieve, circumstance, examine
A physician is a professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. They may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients, or methods of treatment (known as specialist medical practitioners) or assume responsibility for the provision of medical care to individuals, families, and communities (known as general practitioners). Medical practice requires a detailed knowledge of the academic disciplines (such as anatomy and physiology) underlying diseases and their treatment.
Both the role of the physician and the meaning of the word itself vary around the world, including a wide variety of qualifications and degrees, but there are some common elements. For example, the ethics of medicine requires that physicians show consideration, compassion and benevolence for their patients.
Before being any of the many types of doctors around, all of them need to be a doctor first. Basically, a doctor is a licensed health practitioner with a medical degree. The license permits him to evaluate, diagnose, and treat medical conditions of a patient.
Aside from advice, a doctor has the license to operate on patients, prescribe medicines, and makes the patient’s personal health evaluation plan. He may work on his own (private practice) or he might work under a professional health institution (hospitals or clinics).
Today, your primary care doctor is the first among the many types of doctors that you will see in the hospital. He is the one who takes care of a patient’s (or a family’s) general health needs including minor illnesses, injuries, checkups, tests, and immunizations. Sometimes, he may also specialize in other specific fields and, whenever necessary, will refer a patient to a specialist of a particular illness.
Another important group among the many types of doctors is the immediate care physicians. They are the ones to go to in urgent (but non-emergency) medical needs – burns, sprains, cuts, sore throats and the like.
They are the doctors to see to when you cannot wait for a regular appointment, although your case may not be classified as emergency. Usually, these doctors are general practitioners.
Doctors often choose specializations nearest their interests. These are the types of doctors that general practitioners refer their patients to for better health evaluation, diagnosis and treatment related to their patient’s ailments.
Today there are many types of medical specializations. The more familiar ones are mostly associated with the organs or their related ailments: oncologists (cancer), cardiologists (heart), psychiatrists (mental health), pediatricians (child), dermatologists (skin) and many more.
But becoming a doctor is not an easy task. A doctor is a person who has a thorough knowledge of his field and excellent problem solving and critical thinking skills. Besides being intelligent, a doctor is determinant, compassionate, consistent and hard-working by nature. After several years in medical school and a medical residency, one can achieve the M.D. title. Only the one who is patient during all circumstances can examine, diagnose, treat and operate the patients well.
Glossary:
primary care doctor – врач первичной помощи (терапевт)
general practitioner – терапевт
immediate care physician – врач неотложной медицинской помощи
regular appointment – регулярный прием
sore throat – больное горло
case – больной, случай (медицинский)
checkup – проверка состояния, наблюдение, осмотр
tests – медицинские анализы
M.D. – Doctor of Medicine (доктор медицины)
Exercise 1. Read and translate into Russian words of Latin and Greek origin: occupation, neurologist, otolaryngologist, laboratory analyses, hospital treatment, local polyclinic, pulse, a correct diagnosis, doctor's instructions, to telephone, to hospitalize, to recommend, to measure, to administer (prescribe), temperature, necessary, patient, period, condition, injection, course.
Exercise 2. Give the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
Заниматься медициной, лечить болезни, умственные нарушения, учебные дисциплины (предметы), детальное (полное) знание, ученая степень по медицине, частная практика, легкая болезнь, неотложная помощь, определенное заболевание, регулярные визиты к врачу, недомогание, квалификация, медицинские цели, лечение болезни, план оценки здоровья, осматривать пациента, скорая (медицинская) помощь, психическое здоровье, назначать лекарство.
Ex.3. Match the expressions with their Russian equivalents:
|
to deal with to be related to to be proficient in to be responsible for to focus on to be concerned with to maintain to assume responsibility to specialize in to take care of |
поддерживать, сохранять сосредоточиться на чем-либо заботиться о ком-либо отвечать за что-либо заниматься чем-либо брать на себя ответственность специализироваться в чем-либо иметь дело с чем-либо быть опытным в чем-либо быть связанным с чем-либо |
Ex.4. Match medical professions with their definition:
|
Dermatologist |
is related to the treatment and cure of all oral complications such as teeth, mouth, and jaw problems |
|
Neurologist |
deals with treating health issues in children |
|
Nephrologist |
is proficient in finding, treating, and preventing complication in the heart and blood vessels system |
|
Psychiatrist |
deals with diagnosing and treating various nervous system diseases |
|
Dentist |
treats women who have problems in reproductive system or any body part in the female anatomy |
|
Pediatrician |
cures all types of skin diseases and disorders like acne, psoriasis, and skin cancer |
|
Cardiologist |
is responsible for administering anesthesia to the patient prior to any surgery |
|
Gastroenterologist |
treats various kidney disorders |
|
Obstetrician/Gynecologist |
deals with diagnosing and treatment of disorders related to the digestive system |
|
Anesthesiologist |
specializes in the prevention and intervention of mental, emotional or behavioral diseases |
Ex.5. Answer the questions.
1. What is a dentist related to?
2. What is an anesthesiologist responsible for?
3. What does a dermatologist cure?
4. What does a pediatrician deal with?
5. What does a nephrologist treat?
6. What is a cardiologist proficient in?
7. What does a neurologist deal with?
8. What does a gynecologist treat?
9. What does a psychiatrist specialize in?
10. What does a gastroenterologist deal with?
Ex.6. Translate into English.
1. Врачи узкого профиля сосредоточены на лечении определенных категорий болезней. 2. Терапевты отвечают за предоставление медицинской помощи населению. 3. Врачи могут оценивать состояние здоровья пациента, ставить диагноз и проводить лечение. 4. Врач также имеет право назначать лекарства, составлять оценочный план состояния здоровья и оперировать пациента. 5. Некоторые врачи специализируются в особых областях медицины.6. Они часто выбирают специализацию согласно своим интересам. 7. Самые известные специализации связаны с различными органами и относящимися к ним заболеваниями. 8. Основная задача врача – поддержание или восстановление здоровья пациента путем исследования, диагностирования и лечения.