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UNIT 12
Robot programming methods
vocabulary
output – вывод
vocabulary Exercises
I. Read, give the words of the same stem, and translate them:
1. to control, 2. to program, 3. to process, 4. to compute, 5. to communicate,
6. to move, 7. to record, 8. to manipulate, 9. to sense, 10. to initiate.
II Read the phrases and give their Russian equivalents:
1. to teach the robot the motion sequence, 2. to accomplish the task, 3. to drive through the motions, 4. to use motion-control commands, 5. to direct the robot,
6. to initiate control signals, 7. to turn on a motor in the cell, 8. to employ input/output commands.
III. Make up the word-combinations and translate them:
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Text 12A
I. Read and translate the text:
Robot Programming
The computer system that controls the manipulator must be programmed to teach the robot the particular motion sequence and other actions that must be performed in order to accomplish its task. There are several ways that industrial robots are programmed.
One method is called lead-through programming. This requires that the manipulator be driven through the various motions needed to perform a given task, recording the motions into the robot's computer memory. This can be done either by physically moving the manipulator through the motion sequence or by using a control box to drive the manipulator through the sequence.
The second method of programming involves the use of a programming language very much like a computer programming language. However, in addition to many of the capabilities of a computer programming language (i.e., data processing, computations, communicating with other computer devices, and decision making), the robot language also includes the statements specifically designed for robot control. These capabilities include (1) motion control and (2) input/output. Motion-control commands are used to direct the robot to move its manipulator to some defined position in space. For example, the statement "move PL" might be used to direct the robot to a point in space called PL. Input/output commands are employed to control the receipt of signals from sensors and other devices in the work cell and to initiate control signals to other pieces of equipment in the cell. For instance, the statement "signal 3, on" might be used to turn on a motor in the cell, where the motor is connected to output line 3 in the robot's controller.
II. Find the English equivalents in the text:
1. последовательность движений, 2. память компьютера, 3. коробка управления, 4. язык программирования, 5. обработка данных, 6. принятие решения, 7. управление роботом, 8. команды управления перемещениями.
III. Fill in the blanks and translate the sentences:
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a. statements, b. lead-through, c. computer system, d. capabilities,
e. programmed, f. memory, g. language.
Grammar revision exercises
I. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the Modal Verbs and the Subjunctive Mood.
II. Translate the sentences into English using the Gerund for the underlined words:
Oral practice tasks
I. Combine parts A and B to form the sentences and translate them:
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A
lead-through programming
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B
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II. Divide the text into logical parts and entitle each part.
III. Answer the questions:
IV. Do the tasks below:
V. Speak on the topics:
VI. Make a short report on robot programming.
Text 12b
Translate the text in written form using a dictionary:
modern Methods of Robot programming
The setup or programming of motions and sequences for an industrial robot is typically taught by linking the robot controller via the communication cable to the Ethernet1, FireWire2, USB3 or the serial port of a laptop computer. The computer is installed with the corresponding interface software. The use of a computer greatly simplifies the programming process. Robots can also be taught via a teach pendant4, a handheld control and programming unit. The specialized robot software is run either in the robot controller or in the computer or both depending on the system design. The teach pendant or PC is usually disconnected after programming and the robot then runs on the program that has been installed in its controller. In addition, machine operators often use human-machine interface devices, typically touch screen units, which serve as the operator control panel. The operator can switch from program to program, make adjustments within a program and also operate a host of peripheral devices that may be integrated within the same robotic system. These peripheral devices include robot end effectors which are devices that can grasp an object, usually by vacuum, electromechanical or pneumatic devices. Also, emergency stop controls, machine vision systems, safety interlock systems, bar code printers and an almost infinite array of other industrial devices are accessed and controlled via the operator control panel.
Notes:
1 Ethernet – сеть Ethernet
2 Fire Wire – шина Fire Wire
3 USB – шина USB
4 teach pendant – подвесной пульт обучения
Text 12c
Look through the text and do the tasks below:
Robots of our time
The robots of our time resemble humans very little. According to specialists, the main thing for them is not to look like people, but to do their work for them. Factories which are equipped with automatic machine tools, transfer lines and management information systems place a lot of hope in them.
The first generation of robots appeared in the 60s and they were complex and capricious in maintenance. They could perform operations of the type "take off – put on" or "pick up – bring". They could pick up items only from definite positions determined by a rigid programme.
Today, to avoid errors robots are supplied with vision (TV camera) and hearing (microphone). They can perform more complex production operations –painting, soldering, welding and assembly work. A more complex task lies ahead – to remove people completely from production areas where there are harmful fumes, excessively high or low temperatures and pressure. People should not work in conditions that are dangerous. Let the robots replace them there, and the sooner – the better.
Generally speaking a single robot by itself is hardly of any use in production. It must be coupled in design with other equipment – with a system of machines, machine tools and other devices. We must set up robotized complexes and flexible productions capable of being easily and quickly readjusted to an output of new goods.
Flexible production systems consist, as a rule, of several machine tools with numerical programmed control or of processing centres – machine tools equipped with microprocessors. An all-purpose computer controls the entire cycle, including the storage facilities. One hundred per cent automated production is no longer a dream.
There is already a talk of making thinking robots. Apparently, robots will appear which will be able to acquire the ability to study. Maybe they will be able to enrich our concepts about the world around us. But one thing is certain – a robot will never be able to grasp even the semblance of such emotions as love, honour, pride, pity, courage, and selflessness.
PAGE 88
Robot Programming
y physically moving the manipulator
lead-through programming
programming language
motion-control commands
to direct the motion of the manipulator
input-output
commands
to control the receipt of signals
sensors
to initiate control signals
the robot’s computer memory